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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis examines Darren Aronofsky's 2014 film Noah as a pattern for metafictionalizing narratives into thinking stories as we confront the uncertainty and challenges of the Anthropocene. While Ecocriticism has sought for the development and promotion of nature writing and environmentally oriented poetry and fiction- "new stories" that will shape a stronger environmental ethic"”it has placed too much responsibility for the environmental imagination on what we read rather than on the more important question of how we read. My argument addresses the readerly responsibilities that, if met, have the power to transform old stories and old habits of mind into environmentally relevant attitudes and behaviors. The search for new stories, in other words, although important, has tended to understate the responsibility of the reader to make stories new and to read them as cosmologies that pertain to our contemporary situation. What is needed are new ways to read and engage with stories, new reading methods to metaphorize narratives themselves, making them metafictional even when they are not. Now, in an age of climate change and environmental degradation, it is time for us to think about stories in relation to our role as protagonists in the story of the earth, imagining new possibilities and actively accepting our role of writing our story anew. I hope to demonstrate that this type of aggressive reading of even popular culture (often regarded as mainstream, or "œthoughtless" stories) can mine the necessary insights to reexamine humanity's relationship with the earth and its inhabitants.

Dans ce mémoire, nous cherchons à poser un regard nouveau sur le miroir, cet objet apparemment anodin, dont la présence au cinéma dissimule souvent un sens caché, ainsi qu’à démontrer, à travers l’élaboration d’une typologie des différentes fonctions du miroir, que la surface spéculaire se révèle souvent une clé d’interprétation importante pour saisir le sens d’un film à l’échelle du plan, de la scène ou de l’ensemble de l’œuvre. Nous tenterons, dans un premier temps, de définir et distinguer les modes de réflexivité du miroir au cinéma – concret, métaphorique, métacinématographique – pour ensuite les associer aux différents rôles que le miroir peut prendre dans les films. Enfin, nous proposerons une analyse filmique de Black Swan de Darren Aronofsky (2010), laquelle prendra appui sur l’étude des miroirs employés dans l’œuvre.

Durante décadas, el papel que la música cumple en la industria cinematográfica ha sido indiscutible, pues ambas artes han demostrado ser capaces de interrelacionarse perfectamente hasta lograr una adecuada fusión de música e imagen, por lo que resulta imposible que una prescinda de otra. Sin embargo, ¿qué sucede cuando la historia de los filmes presenta escenas violentas de forma inesperada? Es supuesto que tanto sonido como escena transmitan este concepto a su audiencia, y si bien el guion auxilia a la imagen para lograrlo, para el público resulta desconocido el reconocer cómo lo realiza la música. En consecuencia, el espectador se encuentra expuesto ante cualquier efecto que se produzca frente a las técnicas o métodos que aquello implique. De esta manera, la presente investigación pretende evaluar los casos de dos películas contemporáneas calificadas como género dramático: Requiem for a dream e Irreversible, con el fin de demostrar, a través de un análisis de la banda sonora, la manipulación del sonido hacia el público y; seguidamente, evidenciar la responsabilidad del compositor frente a este fenómeno. Es así, que se recurrirá a reconocidos investigadores y expertos en el campo de la música cinematográfica tales como Michel Chion, Philip Ball, Hanss Eisler, Theodor Adorno, entre otros. / For decades, the role that music plays in the film industry has been indisputable, as both arts have shown to be capable of being perfectly interrelated to achieve an adequate fusion of music and image, and it is impossible for one to dispense with the other. However, what happens when the story of the films presents violent scenes in unexpected ways? It is assumed that both sound and scene transmit this concept to its audience, and although the script helps the image to achieve it, it is unknown for the public to recognize how the music performs it. Consequently, the viewer is exposed to any effect that occurs against the techniques or methods that this involve. In this way, this research aims to evaluate the cases of two contemporary films classified as dramatic genre: Requiem for a dream and Irreversible, in order to demonstrate, through an analysis of the soundtrack, the manipulation of sound towards the public and; afterward, to show the responsibility of the composer in front of this phenomenon. In this way, renowned researchers and experts in the field of film music such as Michel Chion, Philip Ball, Hanss Eisler, Theodor Adorno, among others, will be used in this investigation.