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<p> The Burgess concentric zone model was assessed using census data for Chicago community areas in 1940. Burgess' model implies that the lower-income residents live in the center of the city while upper-income residents live on the periphery of the city. Using occupation as a determinant of socio-economic status, location quotients were calculated to determine patterns of residential differientiation. It was found that upper-income residents did indeed reside in the peripheral areas of the city, but they also lived near the central business district. The lakefront amenities were the primary reason for this residential pattern. Many low income residents lived near the center of the city, but many were also found to live in the suburbs due to industrial decentralization. Thus, the lakefront amenities and the suburban industries are the primary causes of the distortion of the Burgess model. However, this distortion does not suggest the Burgess zonal hypothesis is inaccurate. The discrepancies may be attributable to the uneven growth of cities through the "filtering" process. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

<p> This research identifies the socio-economic, demographic and ethnic composition changes that have occurred within the City of Hamilton from 1961 to 1981. Within this twenty-year time period, Hamilton has undergone growth, downtown renewal and gentrification. A statistical analysis of census data shows the extent to which these changes are reflected in the recent evolution of the socio-demographic structure of Hamilton.</p> <p> A factor analysis was performed on the data for each of the census years: 1961, 1971 and 1981. The factor scores were mapped to show the spatial distribution of socio-economic status, family status and ethnic composition. In general, the distributions conformed to the classical sectoral, zonal, and multiple nuclei models. The results revealed two areas where changes on these dimensions were most significant: the inner city and the Hamilton mountain.</p> </p> Statistical tests confirmed these changes. A significant increase in socio-economic status for the inner city area was observed in the period (1971-1981) following the renewal and gentrification. The mountain area retained its high family status throughout the twenty year time period, and ethnic composition became more dispersed throughout the city.</p> / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

<p> intrusive Ultramafic sill of the Cape Smith-Wakeham Bay Fold Belt, located in the Ungava Peninsula P.Q., was studied. Measurements of olivine crystals were made on enlarged images of thin sections to determine the average olivine grain size and volume across the intrusion. </p> <p> The Bravo ultramafic sills exhibit a peculiar petrographic and chemical zoning, the rocks becoming increasingly rich in olivine as one moves toward the centre of the intrusion. Rock Compositions range from gabbro at the margin to olivine rich peridotite near the centre. The olivine grain size distribution exhibits n similar zoning, the grain size increasing toward the centre. However, the maximum value is skewed somewhat to the south along the edge of the central olivine rich zone, coinciding with the maximum value of Ns (Nickel in sulfides). </p> <p> The zoning is a consequence of flowage differentiation. Along the margins of the intrusion grain dispersive pressure (the pressure due to mechanical interaction between phenocrysts is dominant and grains are forced toward the centre. Within the centre of the intrusion, where the increased crystal concentration results in plug flow, the force of gravity is dominant and the largest grains make their way to the base of the plug. </p> <p> The Bravo Ultramafic Sills are pre-tectonic in origin being intruded into a group of eugeosynclinal strata in a sub-horizontal attitude. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

H1 linker histones are structural components of chromatin, generally implicated in the formation of “higher order” chromatin states. With eleven non-allelic subtypes in mammals, the H1 family is highly diverse. While they are commonly associated with chromatin compaction and transcription repression, these histones also play crucial roles in mouse development and stem cell differentiation. Although the prevailing belief is that H1 subtypes have redundant functions, their distinct amino acid composition and differential expression throughout development suggest subtype-specific roles. Previous studies have explored the roles and interactions of linker histones, but limitations in model systems, cell types, and subtypes studied have hindered our comprehensive understanding of the implications and synergy of multiple H1 linker histones. To gain insight into the individual and combined roles of linker histones in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), we conducted an extensive study in which we systematically removed each somatic linker histone and looked at all potential combinations. Using RNA-seq and in-depth bioinformatic analysis, we discovered that linker histones in hESCs exhibit partial non-redundancy. We classified them into three main groups associated with distinct biological processes, particularly related to development and stem cell differentiation. We observed that depleting H1.1 or H1.5 influenced the proportion of mesodermal progenitor cells, with further impact when combined with specific H1 subtypes, resulting in changes in ectodermal progenitor cells. Additionally, we demonstrated that linker histones synergistically regulate interconnected biological pathways, potentially affecting early stem cell differentiation. Based on our findings, we propose that H1 subtypes regulate specific transcriptional programs, which in conjunction, are fundamental in the coordination of essential cellular processes involved in early human embryonic development, both in the ground state of hESCs and during stem cell differentiation. We anticipate that the generation of the H1 KO library described in our study will provide a novel tool for studying the role of linker histones in later stages of human development and will facilitate the comprehension of specific roles of these chromatin proteins in other relevant cellular processes.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(薬科学) / 甲第24206号 / 薬科博第159号 / 新制||薬科||17(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院薬学研究科薬科学専攻 / (主査)教授 伊藤 貴浩, 教授 中山 和久, 教授 生田 宏一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

The spotted bird grasshopper, Schistocerca lineata Scudder (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a widely distributed species found throughout most of the continental United States and southern Canada. This species is known to be highly variable in morphology, with many distinct ecotypes across its native range. These ecotypes display high levels of association with type-specific host plants. Understanding the evolutionary relationships among different ecotypes is crucial groundwork for studying the process of ecological differentiation. I examine four ecotypes from morphological and phylogeographic perspectives, and look for evidence of distinct evolutionary lineages within the species. I also begin to explore the potential role of the microbial community of these grasshoppers in ecological divergence by using 454 pyrosequencing to see if the microbial community structure reflects the ecology of the grasshoppers. I find support for a distinct aposematic lineage when approaching the data from a phylogeographic perspective and also find that this ecotype tends to harbor a unique bacterial community, different from that of a single other ecotype.

We present a framework for modeling multibody systems based on the method of natural coordinates and Lagrange's equation of the first kind, resulting in a system of Differential-Algebraic Equations (DAEs). The C++ package DAETS (DAEs by Taylor Series), a robust high-index DAE solver, is utilized to solve the models. The simulation process is straightforward, with no need to derive equations of motion directly. Instead, the user supplies a Lagrangian, kinematic constraints, and if applicable, a dissipation function and external forces. A corresponding system of DAEs is formed by computing the required derivatives via automatic differentiation. DAETS primarily uses Cartesian coordinates as variables, eliminating angles and the associated trigonometric functions, which results in simplified models. Furthermore, DAETS provides direct access to the position/velocity data of any desired points or vectors as output, facilitating post-processing tasks, such as visualization. The main focus of this thesis is on establishing the viability of our framework through case studies. We simulate seven multibody systems and compare our results with those of reference models developed in the Simulink environment of MATLAB. A detailed account of the modeling process is given for each system, demonstrating the ease and intuitiveness of our approach. We also provide, from both DAETS and Simulink, the time history plots of several position coordinates to allow for direct comparison. Finally, we compute two types of errors over time. Our findings show that the results of DAETS match those of the reference models under different error tolerances for the studied systems, indicating that our framework is capable of simulating a wide variety of mechanisms with a superb degree of accuracy. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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