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TEST AND EVALUATION OF GPS/DR APPLICATION FOR CAR NAVIGATION SYSTEMDongkai, Yang, Yanhong, Kou, Zhi, Chen, Qishan, Zhang, Aigong, Xu 10 1900 (has links)
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Global Positioning System (GPS) was analyzed in terms of its repeatable accuracy, UTM projection
for 2D plane coordinate system, satellite visibility performance and the horizontal dilution of
positioning (HDOP). The principle of Dead Reckoning together with body coordinate system
transformation was introduced. The complementary performance of GPS and DR, and GPS/DR
integration using gyroscope and accelerometer were given. Test results were demonstrated that the
repeatable accuracy of GPS alone is about 10 meters in open air, and DR can provide continuous
positioning output within sufficient accuracy when GPS signal is outage.
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THE APPLICATION OF MAP MATCHING METHOD IN GPS/INS INTEGRATED NAVIGATION SYSTEMFei, Peng, Qishan, Zhang, Zhongkan, Liu 10 1900 (has links)
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / Map matching method plays an important role in vehicle location and navigation systems. It employs the information in a digital map to compensate the positioning error. This paper presents a fuzzy-logic-based probabilistic map-matching algorithm used in GPS/INS integrated navigation systems, in which the reliability degree of map matching resolution is given explicitly as the decision basis in selecting matching road segment by utilizing the fuzzy comprehensive judgement. The results of experimental simulations have shown that the system performance gained significant enhancement by introducing this algorithm.
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Flexural strength of reinforced concrete external column-beam jointsYue, Hon-fai, Peter., 余漢輝. January 1973 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy
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Hardware techniques to improve cache efficiencyLiu, Haiming 19 October 2009 (has links)
Modern microprocessors devote a large portion of their chip area to caches in order
to bridge the speed and bandwidth gap between the core and main memory. One
known problem with caches is that they are usually used with low efficiency; only a
small fraction of the cache stores data that will be used before getting evicted. As
the focus of microprocessor design shifts towards achieving higher performance-perwatt,
cache efficiency is becoming increasingly important. This dissertation proposes
techniques to improve both data cache efficiency in general and instruction cache
efficiency for Explicit Data Graph Execution (EDGE) architectures.
To improve the efficiency of data caches and L2 caches, dead blocks (blocks
that will not be referenced again before their eviction from the cache) should be
identified and evicted early. Prior schemes predict the death of a block immediately after it is accessed, based on the individual reference history of the block. Such
schemes result in lower prediction accuracy and coverage. We delay the prediction
to achieve better prediction accuracy and coverage. For the L1 cache, we propose
a new class of dead-block prediction schemes that predict dead blocks based on
cache bursts. A cache burst begins when a block moves into the MRU position
and ends when it moves out of the MRU position. Cache burst history is more
predictable than individual reference history and results in better dead-block prediction
accuracy and coverage. Experiment results show that predicting the death
of a block at the end of a burst gives the best tradeoff between timeliness and prediction
accuracy/coverage. We also propose mechanisms to improve counting-based
dead-block predictors, which work best at the L2 cache. These mechanisms handle
reference-count variations, which cause problems for existing counting-based deadblock
predictors. The new schemes can identify the majority of the dead blocks with
approximately 90% or higher accuracy. For a 64KB, two-way L1 D-cache, 96% of
the dead blocks can be identified with a 96% accuracy, half way into a block’s dead
time. For a 64KB, four-way L1 cache, the prediction accuracy and coverage are 92%
and 91% respectively. At any moment, the average fraction of the dead blocks that
has been correctly detected for a two-way or four-way L1 cache is approximately
49% or 67% respectively. For a 1MB, 16-way set-associative L2 cache, 66% of the
dead blocks can be identified with a 89% accuracy, 1/16th way into a block’s dead
time. At any moment, 63% of the dead blocks in such an L2 cache, on average,
has been correctly identified by the dead-block predictor. The ability to accurately
identify the majority of the dead blocks in the cache long before their eviction can
lead to not only higher cache efficiency, but also reduced power consumption or
higher reliability.
In this dissertation, we use the dead-block information to improve cache
efficiency and performance by three techniques: replacement optimization, cache bypassing, and prefetching into dead blocks. Replacement optimization evicts blocks
that become dead after several reuses, before they reach the LRU position. Cache
bypassing identifies blocks that cause cache misses but will not be reused if they
are written into the cache and do not store these blocks in the cache. Prefetching
into dead blocks replaces dead blocks with prefetched blocks that are likely to be
referenced in the future. Simulation results show that replacement optimization or
bypassing improves performance by 5% and prefetching into dead blocks improves
performance by 12% over the baseline prefetching scheme for the L1 cache and by
13% over the baseline prefetching scheme for the L2 cache. Each of these three
techniques can turn part of the identified dead blocks into live blocks. As new
techniques that can better utilize the space of the dead blocks are found, the deadblock
information is likely to become more valuable.
Compared to RISC architectures, the instruction cache in EDGE architectures
faces challenges such as higher miss rate, because of the increase in code size,
and longer miss penalty, because of the large block size and the distributed microarchitecture.
To improve the instruction cache efficiency in EDGE architectures,
we decouple the next-block prediction from the instruction fetch so that the nextblock
prediction can run ahead of instruction fetch and the predicted blocks can be
prefetched into the instruction cache before they cause any I-cache misses. In particular,
we discuss how to decouple the next-block prediction from the instruction
fetch and how to control the run-ahead distance of the next-block predictor in a
fully distributed microarchitecture. The performance benefit of such a look-ahead
instruction prefetching scheme is then evaluated and the run-ahead distance that
gives the best performance improvement is identified. In addition to prefetching,
we also estimate the performance benefit of storing variable-sized blocks in the instruction
cache. Such schemes reduce the inefficiency caused by storing NOPs in the
I-cache and enable the I-cache to store more blocks with the same capacity. Simulation results show that look-ahead instruction prefetching and storing variable-sized
blocks can improve the performance of the benchmarks that have high I-cache miss
rates by 17% and 18% respectively, out of an ideal 30% performance improvement
only achievable by a perfect I-cache. Such techniques will close the gap in I-cache
hit rates between EDGE architectures and RISC architectures, although the latter
will still have higher I-cache hit rates because of the smaller code size. / text
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Enhancement Techniques for Lane PositionAdaptation (Estimation) using GPS- and Map DataLandberg, Markus January 2014 (has links)
A lane position system and enhancement techniques, for increasing the robustnessand availability of such a system, are investigated. The enhancements areperformed by using additional sensor sources like map data and GPS. The thesiscontains a description of the system, two models of the system and two implementedfilters for the system. The thesis also contains conclusions and results oftheoretical and experimental tests of the increased robustness and availability ofthe system. The system can be integrated with an existing system that investigatesdriver behavior, developed for fatigue. That system was developed in aproject named Drowsi, where among others Volvo Technology participated. / Ett filpositioneringssystem undersöks och förbättringstekniker för ökandet av robusthetoch tillgängligheten av ett sådant system genom att använda ytterligaresensorkällor som kartdata och GPS. Detta examensarbete presenterar beskrivningenav ett system, två modeller och två implementerade filter. Examensarbetetinnehåller också slutsatser och resultat av teoretiska och experimentella testersom plottar och grafer av ökad robusthet och tillgängligheten av systemet. Dettasystem kan bli integrerat med ett framtaget system som tittar på körrelaterat beteendevid trötthet. Systemet är utvecklat i ett projekt kallat Drowsi, där blandandra Volvo Technology deltog.
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Enhancement of the Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-digestion of Municipal Sewage and ScumYoung, Bradley 23 November 2012 (has links)
Scum is an integral component of solids management in MWWTP and is composed of fats, oils, grease and other entrained floatable materials that are collected during primary clarification. Lab scale BMP tests showed the addition of 14.5 g VS/L of scum exhibited the greatest increase in biogas production of 1.6 times per g VS added compared to the control, while a higher additional scum loading of 33.7 g VS/L reduced the biogas yield to 32% of the control reactor. Lab scale semi-continuous digestion measured the effects of scum loading and temperature of pretreatment in the scum concentrator. At 15 d and 20 d HRTs the greatest observed improvement in biogas was achieved by adding 3% scum by volume and pretreating the scum at 70°C in a scum concentrator with respective improvements of 24% and 16%.
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Stambios negyvos medienos pasiskirstymo dėsningumai lapuočių miškuose / Coarse dead wood distribution regularities in deciduous forestsGrubinskaitė, Kristina 16 June 2014 (has links)
Darbo tikslas: ištirti stambios negyvos medienos pasiskirstymo dėsningumus lapuočių miškuose. Darbo objektas: Tyrimai atlikti Biržų girios lapuočių medynuose. Darbo metodai: Atrankiniai tyrimai atlikti Biržų girios lapuočių miškuose. Darbo rezultatai: Daugiausiai Biržų girioje lapuočių medynuose sausuolių rasta jaunuolynuose – 11 vnt., o virtuolių brandžiuose medynuose – 45 vnt. ir 3 vnt. sausuolių. Jaunuolynuose virtėlių rasta 26 vnt. Pribręstančiuose medynuose virtėlių – 37 vnt., sausuolių – 6 vnt. Pusamžiuose medynuose virtėlių – 41 vnt., o sausuolių – 7 vnt. Apskaičiavus Biržų girios lapuočių medynų stambios negyvos medienos tūrius 0,625 ha didžiausią kiekį sukaupę brandūs medynai – 15,66 m3, o mažiausiai jaunuolynai – 10,78 m3 . Viename hektare jaunuolynuose stambios negyvos medienos. / The aim of the work – To investigate the major spatial patterns of dead wood of deciduous forests. Object of the work – The object of study was carried out Biržų deciduous forest stands. Methods of the work – Selected studies were carried out Biržų forest of deciduous forests. The results of the work – Most deciduous forest stands Biržų dead found in young - 11 pcs., And virtuolių mature stands - 45 pcs. and 3 units. dead. In young logs found in 26 pieces. Mature stands logs - 37 pcs., Dead - 6 pcs. A middle-aged stands logs - 41 pcs., And the dead - 7 units. Calculation Biržų forest hardwood stands of large volumes of dead wood 62.5 reparing maximum amount of accumulated mature stands - 15.66 m3 and the least young stands - 10.78 m3. One hectare of young stands of large dead wood - 17.24 m3, premature -20.86, -24.52 m3 half-life and mature - 25.05 m3.
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The DEAD-Box Helicase Family Member Ded1 Plays a Role in the Cellular Stress ResponseRodela, Emily Cristina, Rodela, Emily Cristina January 2016 (has links)
The DEAD-Box RNA helicase family is a conserved group of enzymes that function in gene expression through ATP-dependent RNA unwinding and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) remodeling. DEAD-Box helicases function in multiple cellular processes, including pre-mRNA processing, translation, mRNA export, and mRNA decay. Although DEAD-Box proteins are critical for gene expression, much of their mechanistic activities are poorly understood. DEAD-Box proteins have increasingly been linked to tumorigenesis in humans, and better defining their activity at the mechanistic level will aid in understanding the underlying disease pathology. In this study, we used the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study the human DEAD-Box protein DDX3 orthologue, Ded1, and its role in translation initiation during cellular stress. Recently, we have found that Ded1 is an important mediator of the cellular stress response in a TOR-dependent manner. TOR regulates protein synthesis dependent on energy availability in the cell by regulating the assembly of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex. Human DDX3 has been found to interact with translation initiation complex subunit eIF4E and Ded1 has been found to interact with the translation initiation complex subunit eIF4G. In this study, we examined the purported interaction region between Ded1 and eIF4G on the C-terminus of Ded1 and found that ded1 Δ591-604 prevents eIF4G degradation under rapamycin treatment and confers resistance to rapamycin-induced growth inhibition. We also examined putative regulatory phosphorylation sites in the purported Ded1 eIF4G binding region. We propose that the Ded1/eIF4G interaction is critical for the repression of translation by Ded1 and that eIF4G degradation may be regulated by Ded1 under stress conditions.
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Robust indoor positioning with lifelong learningXiao, Zhuoling January 2014 (has links)
Indoor tracking and navigation is a fundamental need for pervasive and context-aware applications. However, no practical and reliable indoor positioning solution is available at present. The major challenge of a practical solution lies in the fact that only the existing devices and infrastructure can be utilized to achieve high positioning accuracy. This thesis presents a robust indoor positioning system with the lifelong learning ability. The typical features of the proposed solution is low-cost, accurate, robust, and scalable. This system only takes the floor plan and the existing devices, e.g. phones, pads, etc. and infrastructure such as WiFi/BLE access points for the sake of practicality. This system has four closely correlated components including, non-line-of-sight identification and mitigation (NIMIT), robust pedestrian dead reckoning (R-PDR), lightweight map matching (MapCraft), and lifelong learning. NIMIT projects the received signal strength (RSS) from WiFi/BLE to locations. The R-PDR component converts the data from inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors ubiquitous in mobile devices and wearables to the trajectories of the user. Then MapCraft fuses trajectories estimated from the R-PDR and the coarse location information from NIMIT with the floor plan and provides accurate location estimations. The lifelong learning component then learns the various parameters used in all other three components in an unsupervised manner, which continuously improves the the positioning accuracy of the system. Extensive real world experiments in multiple sites show how the proposed system outperforms state-of-the art approaches, demonstrating excellent sub-meter positioning accuracy and accurate reconstruction of tortuous trajectories with zero training effort. As proof of its robustness, we also demonstrate how it is able to accurately track the position regardless of the users, devices, attachments, and environments. We believe that such an accurate and robust approach will enable always-on background localization, enabling a new era of location-aware applications to be developed.
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Genetic assessment of connectivity in the temperate octocorals Eunicella verrucosa and Alcyonium digitatum in the NE AtlanticHolland, Lyndsey Paula January 2013 (has links)
Elucidating patterns of connectivity for species of conservation concern is crucial in the design of networks of ecologically coherent marine protected areas, and therefore is considered in the design of such a network recently proposed to the UK Government. However, data concerning connectivity are deficient for most invertebrate sessile taxa. Therefore, this study used microsatellite panels developed de novo to assess the population genetic structure and genetic connectivity of two temperate octocorals in the North East Atlantic. Microsatellite panels for both species show evidence of cross-species transferability, and therefore in future may prove to be useful monitoring tools for the target species but also for congenerics further afield in Europe. Eunicella verrucosa (O. Alcyonacea: S.O.Holaxonia: F. Gorgoniidae), a threatened and IUCN red-listed sea fan, was sampled in the northerly extremes of its eastern Atlantic range in southern Portugal, Brittany, the South West UK and western Ireland. In this vicinity, connectivity appears to be defined at regional scales and localised cases of inbreeding and differentiation suggest that the population structure of this species is best described as a metapopulation. Alcyonium digitatum (O. Alcyonacea: S.O. Alcyoniina: F. Alcyoniidae), a soft coral, was sampled in the central portion of its range in Brittany, western Ireland, south west UK and the North Sea. This species exhibited very little population structure and apparent panmixia across the sampled range. However, high levels of heterozygote deficiencies and inbreeding in the majority of populations implies that the genetic structure of some populations of this species may be defined by self-seeding and rarer dispersal events that occur sufficiently often to offset divergence via genetic drift. Coalescent analyses indicate that in both species, migration between regions occurs asymmetrically. The presence of few duplicate genotypes in both datasets implies that sexual reproduction predominates in both species in the sampled area. Eunicella verrucosa is a charismatic species that is often used to promote marine conservation efforts in the UK and A. digitatum is a ubiquitous animal around western European coasts; the two species often occur together and both may suffer the damaging effects of mobile fishing gears. This research represents the first population genetic assessment of both species and the first time microsatellites have been used to assess population structure of octocorals in the North East Atlantic.
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