This paper describes and analyzes how individuals and organizations that operate in careers in communications and marketing deal with the search for employees / employers, and how recruiting managers and recruitment consultants are working to create a match between the parties. The study was conducted on behalf of a recruitment agency that offers services in recruiting and staffing for organizations in communication and marketing. The empirical material consists of ten qualitative interviews from three different perspectives on the labor market, recruitment consultants, managers and employees. The interviews were analyzed from sociological and social psychological theories of organizations and individuals opportunities and strategies in today's western labor market. Conclusions that emerged are that organizations need for decreased amount of tied assets provides increased need for temporary employments. To plan and manage the strategic HR operation in the flexible organizations, with more temporary employments and decentralized structures, it has become important to increase factors of control. This generally applies to the entire recruitment process but also for potential employees. Employees increasingly aim to move on to new jobs in new organizations require that organizations develop strong employer brands. Unless employees have incentive to stay in the organization it is a risk of competence losses and the loss of control over HR work. Also people who are looking for jobs use strategies such as marketing to get a job. The study indicates a shift in responsibility for the search from organization to job applicant. A further trend is that today's leaders are looking for new employees with the "right" personality. Job applicant adjusts their self-presentation to their perception of what the employer considers to be a suitable personality in general, but also towards the specific job and organization and thus makes it matchable.

The issue of Kurdish self-determination within the highly centralized Republic of Turkey has been a controversial issue with its local, national and international dimensions over the years. Without solving this issue, Turkey might not reach the aims of joining the European Union (EU), economic sustainability, literal democracy, pluralism, and peace. After 40 years armed struggle between Kurdish and Turkish sides, two significant suggestions are currently being discussed: a provincial system similar to what the Ottoman Empire accepted with its own multicultural system; second, the current unitary system with more powerful local authorities. This paper analyzes the problem in an inductive method and takes the second approach to evaluate Turkish centralization, modernization, and transformation to French Republicanism. This evaluation concludes with the critique of the French universal citizenship understanding and requirement of more pluralistic, democratic citizenship and administrative model as a solution of minority rights and self-determination problem in Turkey.

The study examines the rationale and application of good governance principles in the public sector. For the purpose of this study, the public sector refers to a country’s administrative system or bureaucracy. This paper focuses on public sector reform in developing countries. The initial assumption is that public sector reform brings about efficient government. However, the study argues that only good governance brings about effective government. The argument presented in this study is that public sector reform is indeed conducive to providing efficient and effective service delivery to the citizen. However, it is also argued that it is important to find ways of assessing whether or not this is happening. In this respect, systems of monitoring and evaluation such as performance measurement become necessary tools of assessing how it contributes to good governance. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc. (Policy and Development)) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.

Development projects are increasingly becoming tools to support developing countries to overcome their systemic barriers to development. International and bilateral development agencies channel billions of dollars in such projects or programs every year in hope to boost local development, but until now after decades of efforts and social investments no concrete development in those countries status have been spotlighted as a consequence of these. Rwanda as a small land locked developing Country in the heart of Africa has been allocated amount of grants and supports for many years and have been benefiting from an overwhelming international attention after the genocide of 1994 and one can wonder if these development programmes and projects have been of significant usefulness to the recipients. In such a move, this dissertation aims at systematically evaluating project outcomes through assessment of beneficiaries’ expectations grasped through a case study namely the Decentralization and Community Development Project (DCD) in Rwanda. It is also intended to provide a clear idea of what the project has achieved so far and what beneficiaries’ expectations were not met. In order to achieve research objectives, a systematic research method have been followed. It is therefore, important to recall that evaluation approaches as supported by Khandker and al. (2009), have evolved significantly, making difficult for an evaluator to choose the model or approach which is particular for a specific context suggesting that there is no universal and unique evaluation approach. In this research they were no move from this statement. Actually it was found worthy the use of a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to capture the real outcomes of the project. In fact using qualitative methods helped to understand the key players who would have influenced the project implementation and by using quantitative methods and recording the recipients’ aspirations and the effective outcomes from the project. We hypothetically assumed that DCDP did not provide enough outcomes as expected by recipients and in order to prove that, collected data from a random sample of 96 people out of a population of 256334 and 80 answers were collected back. Several unstructured interviews were conducted with project key players comprised of the project team, the local government, and the government officials in charge of the project as well as the World Bank Country Office. Excel were used to analyse collected data so as to allow a better analysis and interpretation of the data. As stated in the main argument, assumption were made that the project did not meet the stakeholder’s expectations but some salient findings of the study proved this to be wrong. In fact, more than 80% people in the project area recognised the project outcomes significance to their lives. Furthermore, the result shows that the project had an important impact on the community. For instance, the DCD project improved considerably the life conditions of the population of the district’s population; as an example, the recipients acknowledged at 100% that the DCD project increased both the employment and the revenue in the district of HUYE. This have a huge meaning, because it is ascertaining the hypothesis that DCD project participated in improving life conditions of the population, while giving a whole meaning to the project in the eyes of all the stakeholders. The main recommendation of the study was about the usefulness on involving the recipients (beneficiaries) in all the project process, including pre-identification so that the project may tackle the real problems of the beneficiaries. / Thesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2009.

Increasing attention has been paid to decentralized health care systems in order to evaluate health outcomes. In Brazil, state-run pharmaceutical assistance falls within the scope of a decentralized health care system, also known as SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System). The research intends to shed light on pharmaceutical policy implementation in Brazil through SUS, and argues that it can be used as a guide for institutional reform. This will be accomplished by reviewing the weaknesses and strengths of the SUS decentralized structure as revealed in the pharmaceutical policy responses to HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Under the assumption of pharmaceutical assistance improvement conditioned to re-centralization of some functions; it can be argued that a balanced approach to decentralization is more desirable to the pharmaceutical sector than the existing decentralized system. The aim of this study is to highlight the advantages of establishing a hybrid system for pharmaceutical assistance.

Increasing attention has been paid to decentralized health care systems in order to evaluate health outcomes. In Brazil, state-run pharmaceutical assistance falls within the scope of a decentralized health care system, also known as SUS (Brazilian Unified Health System). The research intends to shed light on pharmaceutical policy implementation in Brazil through SUS, and argues that it can be used as a guide for institutional reform. This will be accomplished by reviewing the weaknesses and strengths of the SUS decentralized structure as revealed in the pharmaceutical policy responses to HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. Under the assumption of pharmaceutical assistance improvement conditioned to re-centralization of some functions; it can be argued that a balanced approach to decentralization is more desirable to the pharmaceutical sector than the existing decentralized system. The aim of this study is to highlight the advantages of establishing a hybrid system for pharmaceutical assistance.

The issue of Kurdish self-determination within the highly centralized Republic of Turkey has been a controversial issue with its local, national and international dimensions over the years. Without solving this issue, Turkey might not reach the aims of joining the European Union (EU), economic sustainability, literal democracy, pluralism, and peace. After 40 years armed struggle between Kurdish and Turkish sides, two significant suggestions are currently being discussed: a provincial system similar to what the Ottoman Empire accepted with its own multicultural system; second, the current unitary system with more powerful local authorities. This paper analyzes the problem in an inductive method and takes the second approach to evaluate Turkish centralization, modernization, and transformation to French Republicanism. This evaluation concludes with the critique of the French universal citizenship understanding and requirement of more pluralistic, democratic citizenship and administrative model as a solution of minority rights and self-determination problem in Turkey.

Psichikos sveikata yra labai svarbi visapusiškam žmogaus vystimuisi, ji yra neatsiejama asmens gyvenimo dalis. Gera psichikos sveikata leidžia džiaugtis laimėjimais ir adekvačiai išgyventi liūdesį. Vaikų psichikos sveikata Lietuvoje pasižymi itin prastais rodikliais. Didėja vaikų savižudybių skaičius, patyčių mokykloje mastai, psichikos sveikatos sutrikimai nustatomi vis jaunesniame amžiuje. Nuo pat nepriklausomybės atgavimo Lietuvoje siekiama decentralizuoti okupacijos metais vyravusią centralizuotą psichikos sveikatos priežiūros sistemą, atsakomybę už ambulatorinių psichikos sveikatos priežiūros paslaugų organizavimą perduodant savivaldybėms. Darbo tikslas – įvertinus Lietuvoje įgyvendinamą vaikų psichikos sveikatos priežiūros politiką decentralizacijos aspektu, išryškinti pagrindines problemas ir jų sprendimo būdus. Darbe keliami šie uždaviniai: 1. Atlikti decentralizacijos koncepcijos sveikatos priežiūros srityje analizę. 2. Išanalizuoti kaip Lietuvos teisinėje bazėje atsispindi vaikų psichikos sveikatos priežiūros decentralizacija. 3. Išanalizuoti vaikų psichikos sveikatos priežiūros organizavimą Lietuvoje decentralizacijos aspektu. 4. Ištirti kaip Lietuvoje įgyvendinama vaikų psichikos sveikatos priežiūros decentralizacija. Darbe buvo atliekama mokslinių šaltinių ir teisinių dokumentų teorinė analizė bei kokybinis tyrimas. 2011 m. kovo-balandžio mėnesiais buvo surinkti 9 pusiau struktūruoto tipo interviu. Tyrimu buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti, kaip Lietuvoje yra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Mental health is very important for universal man’s growth. It is an integral part of human’s life. A good mental health helps to enjoy achievements and adequately outlive sadness. Children’s mental health in Lithuania differs in bad indexes. The number of children’s suicide is growing, sneering at school grows to some extent, mental health disorders are diagnosed at younger age. Since Lithuania’s independence it has been tried to decentralize in occupied Lithuania dominated mental health care system, responsibility for ambulatory’s mental health care facilities organization was given to local government. Aim of the work – after evaluating Lithuania’s policy of children’s mental health care in decentralization aspect, the main problems and solutions were highlighted. Tasks of the work: 1. To fulfill an analysis on decentralization’s concepsion of health care range. 2. To analyse how the decentralization of children’s mental health care reflects in Lithuania’s legal framework. 3. To analyse children’s mental health care organization in Lithuania on decentralization aspect. 4. To investigate how decentralization of children’s mental health care is realized in Lithuania. Academic analysis of scientific sources and legal documents, qualitative research were accomplished in this work. In 2011, during March and April nine semi structured interviews were collected. The aim of this research was to find out how decentralization of children’s mental health care has been realized... [to full text]

The Internet as of 2014 connects billions of devices, and is expected to connect tens of billions by 2020. To meet escalating requirements, networks must be scalable, easy to manage, and be able to efficiently execute programs and disseminate data. The prevailing use of centralized systems and control in, e.g., pools of computing resources, clouds, is problematic for scalability. A promising approach to management of large networks is decentralization, where independently acting network nodes communicate with their immediate neighbors to achieve desirable results at the global level. The research in this thesis addresses three distinct but interrelated problems in the context of cloud computing, networks, and programs running in clouds. First, we show how implementation correctness of active objects can be achieved in decentralized networks using location independent routing. Second, we investigate the feasibility of decentralized adaptive resource allocation for active objects in such networks, with promising results. Third, we automate an initial step of a process for converting programs with thread-based concurrency using shared memory to programs with message passing concurrency, which can then run efficiently in clouds. Specifically, starting from fragments of the distributed object modeling language ABS, we give network-oblivious descriptions of runtime behavior of programs, where the global state is a flat collection of objects and method calls. We then provide network-aware semantics, that place objects on network nodes connected point-to-point by asynchronous message passing channels. By relying on location independent routing, which maps object identifiers to next-hop neighbors at each node, inter-object messages can be delivered, regardless of object mobility among nodes. We establish that network-oblivious and network-aware behavior in static networks correspond in the sense of contextual equivalence. Using a network protocol reminiscent of a two-phase commit for controlled node shutdown, we extend the approach to dynamic networks without failures. We investigate node-local procedures for object migration to meet requirements on balanced allocations of objects to nodes, that also attempt to minimize exchange of object-related messages between nodes. By relying on coin-flips biased on local and neighbor load to decide on migration, and heuristics to capture object communication patterns, we show that balanced allocations can be achieved that make headway towards minimizing communication and latency. Our approach to execution of object-oriented programs in networks relies on message-passing concurrency. Mainstream programming languages generally use thread-based concurrency, which relies on control-centric primitives, such as locks, for synchronization. We present an algorithm for dynamic probabilistic inference of annotations for data-centric synchronization in threaded programs. By making collections of variables in classes accessed atomically explicit, these annotations can in turn suggest objects suitable for encapsulation as a unit of message-passing concurrency. / 2014 års Internet sammankopplar miljarder enheter, och förväntas sammankoppla tiotals miljarder år 2020. För att möta eskalerande krav måste nätverk vara skalbara, enkla att underhålla, och effektivt exekvera program och disseminera data. Den nuvarande användningen av centraliserade system och kontrollmekanismer, t ex i pooler av beräkningsresurser, moln, är problematisk för skalbarhet. Ett lovande angreppssätt för att hantera storskaliga nätverk är decentralisering, där noder som agerar oberoende av varandra genom kommunikation med sina omedelbara grannar åstadkommer gynnsamma resultat på den globala nivån. Forskningen i den här avhandlingen addresserar tre distinkta men relaterade problem i kontexten av molnsystem, nätverk och program som körs i moln. För det första visar vi hur implementationskorrekthet för aktiva objekt kan åstadkommas i decentraliserade nätverk med hjälp av platsoberoende routning. För det andra undersöker vi genomförbarheten i decentraliserad adaptiv resursallokering för aktiva objekt i sådana nätverk, med lovande resultat. För det tredje automatiserar vi ett initialt steg i en process för att konvertera program med trådbaserad samtidighet och delat minne till program med meddelandebaserad samtidighet, som då kan köras effektivt i moln. Mer specifikt ger vi, med utgångspunkt i fragment av modelleringsspråket ABS baserat på distribuerade objekt, nätverksomedvetna beskrivningar av körningstidsbeteende för program där det globala tillståndet är en platt samling av objekt och metodanrop. Vi ger därefter nätverksmedvetna semantiker, där objekt placeras på nätverksnoder sammankopplade från punkt till punkt av asynkrona kanaler för meddelandetransmission. Genom att vid varje nod använda platsoberoende routning, som associerar objektidentifierare med grannoder som är nästa hopp, kan meddelanden mellan objekt levereras oavsett hur objekt rör sig mellan noder. Vi etablerar att nätverksomedvetet och nätverksmedvetet beteende i statiska nätverk stämmer överens enligt kontextuell ekvivalens. Genom att använda ett nätverksprotokoll som påminner om en tvåstegsförpliktelse, utökar vi vår ansats till felfria dynamiska nätverk. Vi undersöker nodlokala procedurer för objektmigration för att möta krav på balanserade allokeringar av objekt till noder, som också försöker minimera utbyte av objektrelaterade meddelanden mellan noder. Genom att använda oss av slantsinglingar viktade efter lokal last och grannars last för att besluta om migration, och tumregler för att fånga kommunikationsmönster mellan objekt, visar vi att balanserade allokeringar, som gör framsteg mot att minimera kommunikation och tidsfördröjning, kan uppnås. Vår ansats för exekvering av objektorienterade program i nätverk använder meddelandebaserad samtidighet. Vanligt förekommande programspråk använder sig generellt av trådbaserad samtidighet, som kräver kontrollcentrerade mekanismer, som lås, för synkronisering. Vi presenterar en algoritm som med dynamisk probabilistisk analys härleder annoteringar för datacentrerad synkronisering för trådade program. Genom att göra samlingar av variabler i klasser som läses och skrivs atomiskt explicita, kan sådana annoteringar antyda vilka objekt som är lämpliga att kapsla in som en enhet i meddelandebaserad samtidighet. / <p>QC 20140929</p>

There is no abstract available for this thesis.