Having well-functioning equipment for the soldiers and sailors in the Swedish Armed Forces to defend the nation’s territory has been a priority since the catastrophic failure of the flagship Vasa almost 400 years ago. The quality assurance of defense materiel that is procured for the Swedish Armed Forces by the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (SDMA) is conducted using qualified verification and validation activities, which are supported using complex resources that either create the conditions for tests or gather data from tests. The department Test and Evaluation Marine (T&E Marine) in the SDMA, which works with verification and validation (VoV) of naval defense materiel, has a need to identify and develop new VoV resources for future naval acquisitions. The purpose is to find which needs the department of SDMA T&E Marine has regarding test resources and from the needs develop a specification of a possible VoV resource. In cooperation with the T&E Marine department, the study has used the Design Thinking methodology in a double diamond context and has through conducting interviews, observations, and a workshop created an analysis of the current state of VoV resources, which of these should be further developed, and which new resources the department could acquire to support future test and evaluation. The result of this study is that the analysis of the current situation shows that the department needs a modular remotely piloted aerial system. The result also includes a conceptual design of the VoV resource which the department could procure to support its future verification and validation work. The conclusion is that there is need for several different VoV resources. One VoV resource could be a modular remotely piloted aerial system, that is both easy to use and to carry. / Att svenska soldater och sjömän ska ha välfungerande och säker materiel för att hävda Sveriges territorium har varit en av statens prioriteringar sedan förlisningen av regalskeppet Vasa för snart 400 år sedan. Kvalitetssäkringen av försvarsmateriel som anskaffas till Försvarsmakten genom Försvarets Materielverk (FMV) sker idag genom kvalificerade verifierings- och valideringsaktiviteter och stöds utav komplexa resurser som antingen skapar förutsättningar för prov, eller samlar in data för proven. Avdelningen Test & Evaluering Marin (T&E Marin) på Försvarets Materielverk, som arbetar med verifiering och validering (VoV) av marin försvarsmateriel, har behov av att identifiera och utveckla nya VoV-resurser för framtida anskaffningar i marina domänen. Arbetet syftar till att ta reda på vilka behov som finns inom T&E Marins område för VoV-resurser och utifrån detta behov ta fram en specifikation på hur en VoV-resurs kan se ut. I samarbete med T&E Marin har studien använt sig av Design Thinking metodologin i en Double Diamond kontext, och har genom intervjuer, observationer och en workshop skapat en nulägesanalys för VoV-resurser, vilka som finns idag, vad som önskas vidareutvecklas, och vilka nya resurser som avdelningen kan ha för att stödja sitt arbete. Resultatet är en nulägesanalys som visar att ett behov är en uppdragsanpassningsbar fjärrmanövrerad flygfarkost. Resultatet innefattar också ett konceptförslag på den önskade VoV-resursen som avdelningen bör anskaffa för att stötta sitt framtida VoV-arbete. Slutsatsen är att det finns behov för flera olika VoV-resurser. En av dessa kan vara en fjärrstyrd flygfarkost med hög förmåga för uppdragsanpassning, som är enkel att använda och att bära med sig.

Since the ending of the Cold War, the defence sector, particularly the areas of military logistics and defence acquisition, has been undergoing a comprehensive transformation. There are several factors that explain this transformation: changes in defence and security policies for nations and organisations; reductions in defence expenditure; participation in Peace Support Operations; Lessons Learned from these operations, especially in the area of logistics; revolutionary development in the area of Information and Communication Technology; emergence of novel Commercial Best Practises in the areas of business and business logistics; and changes in the legislation regarding the conduct of public procurement in Europe. In military logistics, the relatively easily described static supply and support chains of the Cold War Era, designed for military units that stood in preparedness, Just-in-Case, of full-scale military conflicts in Europe, are now being substituted for flexible, dynamic operational supply and support chains, designed for military units that are deployed on Peace Support Operations around the globe. Hence, new types of missions have to be provided for. As a consequence, new military concepts have to be considered; new technology is being implemented; and new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money. In defence acquisition, the single Business Model of the Cold War Era, i.e. procurement of equipment, is being replaced by a spectrum of emerging Business Models, ranging from the traditional procurement of equipment, via acquisition of equipment and support, to acquisition of availability and capability, i.e. acquisition of performance. Consequently, new Commercial Best Practises are being evaluated, adapted and adopted; Commercial and Military-Off-The-Shelf products and services are being utilised; and Public Private Participation, Cooperation, and Partnerships are being investigated and initiated; in order to enhance performance and ensure Value-for-Money, while simultaneously mitigating operational risk in the supply and support chains. This licentiate thesis reports on a research project that was commissioned by FMV, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, and conducted in order to "study, analyse, and evaluate Business Models regarding how they can handle the new supply concept that a new logistical interface brings about, with a particular emphasis on the risk taking that is part of the business concept". This research purpose was used to formulate three Research Questions: • Research Question 1: How can a generic Business Model for a non-profit, governmental, Defence Procurement Agency be described? • Research Question 2: Which strengths and weaknesses do different Business Models have in the context of defence acquisition? • Research Question 3: Which risks are associated with different Business Models in the context of defence acquisition? Using constructs from: Business Model theory, Public Private Participation theory, defence acquisition theory and practise, and military logistics theory and practise; a generic Public Private Business Model for defence acquisition was developed. The generic model consists of numerous variables, which enables an array of possible configurations. The model was used in a multiple case study to describe and analyse four defence acquisition projects in the UK. The multiple case study demonstrated that the generic Public Private Business Model is useful in order to describe defence acquisition projects. The model has also demonstrated that it is useful in order to analyse acquisition projects, including performance and risk. The Public Private Business Model has demonstrated its usefulness by discovering internal and external misalignments. The internal misalignments are Business Model configurations where the different building blocks are working against each other. The research has revealed examples where the mitigation of operational risk in the supply and support chains creates new risks in other building blocks. An external misalignment occurs when a Business Model configuration works against the deal for which it was designed, or the strategy that it is intended to realise. The research has revealed examples where there is a risk that the Business Model configuration is detrimental to the overarching strategy, e.g. transferring risk to the private sector or incentivising industry to enhance performance. Hence, the Public Private Business Model ought to be useful to identify and eradicate negative patterns and to identify and reinforce positive patterns. The research has revealed three potential generic problems for Performance Based Contracts: a "definition problem" (i.e. what to measure); a "measurement problem" (i.e. when, where and how to measure); and a "comparison problem" (i.e. with what to compare). The research results demonstrate that it must be made explicit which dimensions of performance; e.g. speed, quality, cost, flexibility and dependability; that should be measured, and why others should be omitted. The research suggests that performance must be explicitly specified for any Performance Based Contract in order to avoid any unnecessary problems with interpretations. Furthermore, the research indicates that performance metrics must be explicitly described. In addition, the results emphasise the importance of having an established baseline, against which to compare the measurements of Key Performance Indicators.