Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 140). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Francisco, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-112). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Cathy W. Levenson, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 30, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 94 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Elenice Deffune / Banca: Rosana Rossi Ferreira / Banca: André Filadelpho / Resumo: Trata-se de um trabalho do tipo coorte para avaliar a espoliação dos depósitos de ferro em doadores de sangue. Sabendo-se que um percentual expressivo da população brasileira é portadora de ferro deficiência, e tendo em vista as inovações tecnológicas envolvendo os processos hemoterápicos este projeto teve como objetivo a avaliação da dinâmica de ferro com o monitoramento de parâmetros tais como: hematócrito, hemoglobina, dosagem de ferro e ferritina pré transfusionais e quatro meses após a doação, em quatro diferentes grupos de estudo:A,C,Ce D. Foi feita pelo teste ANOVA simples e para as variáveis sem distribuição normal pelo teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e o teste de Kruskal Wallis, teste T-Pareado e Wilcoxon. No primeiro momento de análise (M1), com análise intra-grupos, as variações estatísticas foram presentes apenas nos parâmetros de Hb (p. 0,017), onde as variações estiveram presentes quando comparados os grupos A x D (p. 0,034) e C x D (p. 0,028) e Ht (p. <0,01) onde as variações estiveram presentes quando comparados os grupos A x D (p. 0,034) e C x D (p. 0,028). No segundo momento de análise (M2) foi identificada diferença entre os grupos, entretanto, devido à baixa significância estatística não foi possível identificar a diferença exata por grupo. Quando comparado entre os momentos um e dois- (M1 x M2) foi identificado redução da média de todos os parâmetros para os grupos A, B e C, significância estatística para o parâmetro de hemoglobina para todos os gru... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: It is a work of the cohort to evaluate the plundering of iron deposits in blood donors. Knowing that a significant percentage of the population is disabled iron, and in view of the technological innovations involving haemotherapic processes this project aimed to evaluate the iron dynamics with the monitoring of parameters such as hematocrit, hemoglobin, iron dosing and pre transfusion ferritin months after the donation, in four different study groups: A, B, C and D. Statistical analyses was made by ANOVA and simple test for variables without normal distribution using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis test, Paired t-test and Wilcoxon. At first analysis (M1) and intra-group analysis, statistical variations were present only in Hb parameters (p. 0.017), where variations were present when comparing the x groups D (p. 0.034) and C x D (p. 0028) and HT (p. <0.01) in which variations were present when comparing the groups D x (p. 0.034) and C x D (p. 0028). In the second stage of analysis (M2) was identified differences between the groups, however, due to the low statistical significance was not possible to identify the exact difference per group. When compared between one and two- moments (M1 and M2) was identified reduction in the average of all parameters for groups A, B and C for the statistical significance hemoglobin parameter for all groups and significance for the parameter Ferritin except for the B group, which is the only one that showed improvement in optimization of parameters except hemoglobin. Blood donation decreases hemoglobin levels in the short and medium term blood donors when compared in two stages with 4 months apart; for the indicator hematocrit and determination of serum iron there was a decrease of the indices was statistically significant only for the group A (individuals who had never donated before); as the suggestion in... (Complete abstract electronic access below) / Mestre

Introdução O intenso crescimento e desenvolvimento da criança nos dois primeiros anos de vida inserem este grupo populacional em situação de alto risco à desnutrição e deficiências nutricionais específicas, especialmente em situações socioeconômicas desfavoráveis. Objetivo Identificar a prática da alimentação de crianças de 06 a 23 meses de idade atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família no Maranhão. Métodos Dados secundários do projeto Prevalência e Determinantes da Anemia em Mulheres e Crianças no Estado do Maranhão. Estudo transversal de base populacional e abordagem quantitativa. O consumo foi avaliado através do inquérito Recordatório de 24 horas. A avaliação da adequação de consumo foi realizada através do Guia Alimentar para Crianças Menores de 2 anos, do Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira e pelo proposto pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde. A prática alimentar foi caracterizada pela frequência de refeições, participação dos grupos de alimentos e quantificação de energia, ferro e vitamina A, distribuídos por faixa etária. Resultados Das 401 crianças com idade entre 06 e 23 meses, 52 por cento ainda eram amamentadas, sendo para 17 por cento a única fonte láctea. O grupo dos leites e derivados foi o mais frequente em todas as crianças com 65 por cento entre 6 a 8 meses, 53 por cento de 9 a 11 meses, 41 por cento de 12 a 17 meses e 29 por cento de 18 a 23 meses, declinando expressivamente com o aumento da idade. O grupo de cereais, tubérculos e derivados, o segundo mais expressivo, aumenta com a idade, com frequência de 11 por cento , 16 por cento , 24 por cento e 28 por cento , respectivamente em cada faixa etária. Os alimentos mais consumidos em cada grupo foram leite materno associado ao leite de vaca, arroz, banana, legumes como ingrediente principal da papa salgada, feijão, carne bovina, açúcar, margarina e refresco. Frutas, legumes e verduras, considerados marcadores de padrão alimentar saudável, tiveram um consumo de 13,3 por cento , 14,0 por cento , 14,8 por cento e 16,1 por cento , por faixa etária. O consumo de alimentos marcadores de padrão alimentar não saudável variou de 6 por cento entre 6 e 8 meses a 16 por cento entre 18 a 23 meses. A quantidade média de energia, ferro e vitamina A foram de 880 Kcal, 5,2 mg e 395gRE e inadequação em relação às recomendações de 41 por cento , 75 por cento e 57 por cento , respectivamente, para crianças de todas as faixas etárias. Valores de inadequação de ferro foram elevados principalmente na faixa etária entre 9 e 11 meses de idade com 97 por cento de inadequação. Em relação à vitamina A, verificamos 76,3 por cento de inadequação entre 18 e 23 meses de idade. A adequação de energia foi de 95,4 por cento . Conclusão Constatou-se que a alimentação de grande parte da população não atende às recomendações nutricionais de ferro e vitamina A. Igualmente, por ser constituído basicamente por uma dieta láctea, consumo elevado de alimentos energéticos e reduzido consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, não atende à segurança alimentar. Os resultados obtidos mostram o risco de anemia e hipovitaminose A. Igualmente, a prática alimentar aponta para o risco do desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas, evidenciando a necessidade de aprimoramento das ações de orientação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis na Atenção Básica. / Introduction - The intense growth and development of children in the first two years of life insert this population group at high risk for malnutrition and specific nutritional deficiencies, especially in unfavorable socioeconomic situations. Objective - To identify the practice of feeding children 06-23 months old served by the Family Health Strategy in Maranhão. Methods Secondary data from Prevalence and Determinants Projects of anemia in women and children in the state of Maranhão projects. Transversal population-based study and a quantitative approach. Consumption was assessed by dietary recall survey of 24 hours. The assessment of consumption was performed using the Food Guide for Children under two years, the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population and proposed by the National Health Survey. A diet was characterized by frequency of meals, participation in food groups and quantification of energy, iron and vitamin A, divided by age group. Results From 401 children within 06 to 23 months, 52 per cent were still being breastfed and for 17 per cent from this group it was the only milk source. The group of milk and dairy products was the most common in all children with 65 per cent between 6-8 months 53 per cent 9-11 months 41 per cent 12-17 months and 29 per cent 18-23 months falling significantly as their age increase. The group derived from cereals and tubers, the second most significant, increases with age, often 11 per cent , 16 per cent , 24 per cent and 28 per cent respectively in each age group. The most consumed foods in each group were breast milk associated to cow\'s milk, rice, banana, soups rich with vegetables, beans, beef, sugar, margarine and artificial fruit refreshment. Fruits and vegetables, that are considered healthy eating pattern markers, had a consumption average of 13,3 per cent , 14,0 per cent , 14,8 per cent and 16,1 per cent , by age group. The consumption of unhealthy foods in pattern markers ranged from 6 per cent between 6 and 8 months to 16 per cent between 18-23 months. The average amount of energy, iron and vitamin A were 880 kcal, 5.2 mg and 395gRE and inadequacy in relation to the recommendations of 41 per cent , 75 per cent and 57 per cent , respectively, for children of all ages. Inadequacy of iron values were high especially in 9 and 11 months age with 97 per cent of inadequacy. With regard to vitamin A, we found 76.3 per cent inadequacy between 18 and 23 months old. The adequacy of energy was 95.4 per cent . Conclusion - It was noticed that a big part of the population doesnt have access to the nutritional recommendation of iron and vitamin A. Also, since it is basically constituted by a milk diet, high consumption of energy foods and low consumption of fruits and vegetables, does not attend the food safety. The results show the risk of anemia and hypovitaminosis A. Likewise, the feeding practice points to the risk of developing chronic diseases, highlighting the need to improve the orientation of shares of healthy eating habits in primary care.

No description available.

M. S.

Manipulation of dietary zinc produced a different body zinc status in male Japanese quail during 3 weeks of treating period. After intramuscular injection with 8μmol/100g body weight of estradiol-17β, Japanese quail were sacrificed and vitellogenin (phosphoprotein) production was assessed in these birds by analyzing plasma for protein-bound phosphorus concentrations (PBP). Plasma PBP concentrations of estrogen-injected male quails increased from undetectable values for control birds to O.66mg/ml for high-zinc birds and O.42mg/ml for low-zinc birds. About 36% loss of vitellogenin synthesis was associated with the consumption of the zinc-deficient diet. Plasma zinc concentrations also increased on the estrogen injection because of the zinc-binding property of vitellogenin. The extra zinc ions in the plasma were considered to be come from the body zinc pools. Liver as well as other major tissues was believed to act as a reservoir of zinc for egg development but it was not observed that liver was the major source of the extra zinc in the plasma. / Master of Science

The effect of alcohol and/or zinc deficiency was evaluated in seven groups of pregnant rats and their pups. Females which had been acclimated to alcohol before breeding were fed liquid alcohol diets with either 14 or 0.1 ppm Zn. Comparisons were made with animals pair fed isocaloric liquid carbohydrate diets with the same Zn levels. Other comparisons were made by pair feeding a high zinc diet to a low zinc diet, and by feeding a high zinc diet ad lib. A reduced food intake and Zn deficiency affected maternal status by decreasing weight gain, liver Zn and plasma Zn concentration. Litter size, litter weight, and fetal liver and brain weight were decreased only in the alcohol zinc deficient group compared to adequately fed controls. The concentration and total quantity of fetal liver Zn were decreased due to a Zn deficiency. The combination of Zn deficiency and alcohol decreased only total Zn in fetal brain. The concentrations of protein, DNA, and RNA in fetal liver and brain were similar regardless of dietary treatment. The quantities of protein, DNA, and RNA were decreased in fetal liver due to Zn deficiency. ln fetal brain, only the combination of alcohol and Zn deficiency decreased total protein and RNA, while DNA was not affected. Although alcohol by itself had no effect on the above variables, its combination with a Zn deficiency did. In addition, there were 58 resorptions and 15 malformations seen in Zn deficient alcoholic dams compared with no more than 15 and 2, respectively, in any of the other groups. Teratogenesis caused by a Zn deficiency was increased with alcohol consumption. / Ph. D. / incomplete_metadata