This project investigates different teaching strategies used to support students with ADHD diagnosis in an ESL classroom. Students that go through neurophysiological evaluations and receive treatment for ADHD diagnosis have increased over these last few years. With a clear increase in ADHD diagnoses, teachers are confronted with the challenge of adapting their pedagogical strategies in order to aid the unique needs of students with ADHD. This project explores what current research says about various teaching strategies, such as including the integration of motivational strategies, technology, and arts-oriented activities that aid students with ADHD diagnosis. Motivational strategies entail creating an encouraging and challenging learning environment such as setting goals and involving students in the learning process, which are essential for addressing the decreased motivation observed in students with ADHD. This project also investigates the benefits of technology-enhanced environments, emphasizing the positive impact of computers on the learning experience for students with ADHD. The integration of arts such as drama and drawing are mentioned as crucial strategies for increasing vocabulary acquisition, reducing behavioral issues, improving academic functioning and increasing the sustained attention of students with ADHD diagnosis. Overall, the study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of teaching strategies to support students with ADHD in the ESL classroom.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting around 7% of the worldwide population in their everyday life. It has been suggested that individuals with ADHD differ in gray matter volume from typically developing controls. However, findings on in which brain areas these differences are located, as well as how gray matter volume is affected by stimulant medication, remain inconclusive. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate any potential differences in gray matter volume in medication-naïve individuals with ADHD compared to controls, focusing on studies using voxel-based morphometry applied to MRI-imaging data A keyword search in the databases Web of Science, Scopus and Medline EBSCO resulted in 349 studies, of which seven met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The results included a total of 169 participants diagnosed with ADHD and 148 typically developing controls. Findings suggested decreased cerebellar gray matter volume, potential gender-wise volume differences in the anterior cingulate cortex, and a decrease in caudate gray matter volume, specifically in adults with ADHD. Some limitations include small sample sizes, possible effects of age on gray matter volume, and the overall heterogeneous nature of the disorder. The present review agrees that individuals with ADHD exhibit differences in gray matter volume, but also highlights the importance of expanding research on medication-naïve subjects, to be able to draw more robust scientific conclusions about the neural correlates of ADHD in the future.

The literature demonstrates that children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience peer rejection as a result of their difficulties with interpersonal interactions. The manner in which children with ADHD process social information and the extent to which social difficulties may adversely impact these children has remained unclear. In the first part of the study, the perceptions of social support between boys (ages 7 to 11 years) with and without ADHD were compared. An analysis of variance procedure (ANOVA) was performed and children with ADHD were found to perceive significantly lower levels of social support from their classmates than normal peers at pretreatment. The groups did not differ significantly with regard to perceptions of parent, teacher, and close friend support. In the second part of the study, the role of ADHD parent training and its effectiveness in decreasing problem-behaviors, ameliorating social problems, and enhancing perceptions of social support was examined. Repeated measures MANOVAs revealed a significant rater (mother and teacher) by time (pretreatment and posttreatment) interaction effect for total behavior problems, externalizing behavior problems, internalizing behavior problems, and social problems. On each scale, mothers reported more behavior problems than teachers at pretreatment, but fewer problems than teachers at posttreatment assessment. Main effects were not detected. ANOVAs performed on social support ratings by children with ADHD demonstrated a significant increase in their perceptions of parental support between pretreatment and posttreatment. Children's ratings of teacher, close friend, and classmate support did not differ significantly between pretreatment and posttreatment. The findings suggest that children with ADHD are socially perspicacious and sensitive to subtle changes within their social support systems. The parent training program appeared to help with the amelioration of problem behaviors in the home, but results did not indicate generalization of improvements to the classroom. Implications of the findings were discussed and suggestions were made for providing assistance to children with ADHD.

Influences between quality of intimate heterosexual relationships, parenting style, and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems of children with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were examined in a sample of intact and single parent families. The perspective on marital quality was expanded to include an examination of intimate adult relationships within single parent households. Associations between the quality of custodial parents' serious dating and/or cohabiting relationships, parenting style and the behavior problems of children with ADHD were studied. Results from this study found tentative support for previous findings that family functioning may mediate the development of conduct disorders among children with ADHD.

Many learners find the study of introductory computer programming difficult. This is also true of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and we need an improved understanding of how they learn programming. After reviewing the constructivist approach to teaching and learning and investigating ADHD, this study explored strategies for constructive learning of introductory programming. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Karplus learning cycle to teach introductory programming. This was done through qualitative research from an interpretive perspective. Action research techniques were employed and data analysed using grounded theory methods. Four major constructivist teaching categories emerged, all of which support the use of the Karplus cycle. It is concluded that the three-phase Karplus cycle can be used to assist these learners learn introductory programming. However, it needs to be understood more broadly and the middle phase broken into two subphases to ensure effective learning. / Mathematical Sciences / M. Sc. (Mathematical Sciences)

Thesis (M.Tech.: Homeopathy)-Dept. of Homeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xxxii, 285 leaves / The epidemic proportion of ADD/ADHD diagnosis is gaining widespread attention from parents, educators, doctors and other health care providers. Parents are seeking alternatives, as they are concerned about the use and side effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride (e.g. Ritalin®, Adaphen®, Concerta®) and other conventional drugs used to treat the symptoms of ADD/ADHD (Badat, 2004 and Picton, 2004). The aim of this research was to document the current practices of registered homoeopathic practitioners, with regard to Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In addition, their perceptions regarding aeitiology, treatment, management and success rate was investigated. This research took the form of a qualitative-quantitative survey (questionnaire) targeting homoeopaths practicing in the Johannesburg Metropolitan Area

Thesis (M.Tech.: Homoeopathy)-Dept. of Homoeopathy, Durban Institute of Technology, 2006 xxv, 261 leaves / The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a Nutritional Supplement (Advanced Brain Food®) and a homoeopathic complex (Quietude®) in the management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). ADHD is primarily a childhood disorder affecting ten to twenty percent of school going children. The three main presenting features of ADHD are inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. This triad often results in numerous adjustment difficulties for the child in the social and academic sectors (NIH Consensus Statement, 1998).

Thesis (MEdPsych (Educational Psychology)--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is one of the most well-known behaviour disorders in South Africa. Limited studies regarding adolescents’ experience of their own AD/HD are available despite the extensive research on AD/HD. The purpose of this exploratory and descriptive qualitative study was to understand 7 adolescents' experience of their own AD/HD in a special school in order to identify supportive strategies. This study was approached from an interpretive and/or constructivist research paradigm. A collective case study research design was used. Data was collected by means of observation, personal documents as well as semi-structured interviews. The data was transcribed and analised according to the constant comparative method. According to the results it seems as if the adolescents’ experiences of their own AD/HD are unique. However, these unique experiences are influenced by their barriers to learning, the process of diagnosis, development, AD/HD medication and social context. The adolescents seek that others empower them to regulate their own AD/HD by: (1) trying to understand how it feels to live with AD/HD; (2) providing information regarding AD/HD; and (3) focusing on their talents and strengths. The practical implications of the results are individualized intervention, changing roles of educators and support professionals, whole school development, changing attitudes, as well as professional development. Further qualitative research is recommended to investigate adolescents’ experiences of their own ADHD.

The purpose of this study was to explore the use of EEG biofeedback in a school setting to assist students who had attentional challenges. The equipment for implementing biofeedback was relatively inexpensive and was easily integrated into the school setting. Twenty students ranging in age from 7 to 17 were recruited for this study. Data was used from 14 subjects, 12 males (2 Hispanic, 1 African American, and 10 Caucasian) and 2 females (1 Hispanic, 1 Caucasian.) The subject pool was reduced due to non-compliance or the students. moving from the school district. Significant effect size was obtained in the treatment group in areas pertaining to visual perception and motor coordination. However, significant effect sizes in other areas were obtained when the control group scores worsened. The inclusion of student subjects who, perhaps, did not meet stringent criterion of attention deficit may have skewed the results. The small number of students in the study may have hindered accurate measures of statistical significance. Conversely, the information obtained from this study may offer insight to school districts in providing their students an alternate/adjunct to psychopharmacological medication and a non- invasive method of helping students with psycho-social challenges.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os sentidos e significações atribuídos por professores de escolas particulares (de elite) ao Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). Muito já foi escrito a respeito da psicopatologização das questões escolares sob o nome de TDAH. Entretanto, poucas são as pesquisas e os estudos dirigidos especificamente à repercussão deste fato na prática dos professores e menos ainda dos professores de escolas de elite do Ensino Fundamental 1 e à compreensão dos sentidos conferidos por eles a este fenômeno. O modelo utilizado é o da pesquisa qualitativa em Psicanálise, e o trabalho está dividido em dois momentos: revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, discutida criticamente, e a pesquisa de campo por meio de entrevistas semidirigidas. A condução das entrevistas e a análise dos resultados foram psicanaliticamente orientadas pelo referencial teórico freudlacaniano. Primeiramente, levantamos elementos do espaço social e epistêmico que revestem este controverso diagnóstico e quais seus efeitos sobre a subjetividade das crianças. Discutimos a diversidade clínica envolvida nesta nomenclatura, que reduz manifestações subjetivas e sociais à categoria de transtorno. Trouxemos uma reflexão do trajeto organicista do quadro de TDAH e apresentamos um contraponto entre a noção de transtorno e o entendimento de sintoma para Psicanálise como tratamento ao real da angústia. Num segundo momento, analisamos as entrevistas com as professoras e as dividimos em categorias. Constatamos que o discurso do capitalista, aliado ao cientificismo do discurso da ciência, vem trazendo uma série de consequências ao sujeito, entre as quais: transforma a educação em mais uma mercadoria a ser consumida, legitima a transferência da responsabilidade de certos valores educativos próprios às famílias para as mãos da escola, desresponsabiliza aqueles envolvidos com a educação da criança, inclusive ela própria, e subjuga o mal-estar do sujeito a alterações neuroquímicas. Analisando esses aspectos, o trabalho busca evidenciar a permeabilidade do discurso pedagógico ao discurso médico científico hegemônico. Observamos que essa epidemia de TDAH acaba sendo, em grande parte, engendrada por uma sociedade capitalista, calcada no consumo e no lucro e tendo como representante o poder da indústria farmacêutica. Em uma perspectiva contrária às regularidades discursivas dos ditos especialistas, as professoras entrevistadas apresentam particularidades nas condições de enfrentamento dos impasses escolares, inventando, dia após dia, estratégias para lidar com seus alunos. Assim, este trabalho pretende, também, contribuir com um espaço de reflexão ética, visando propiciar práticas educacionais mais críticas / The objective of this work is to analyze the senses and the significances assigned by teachers in private schools (elite group) to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Much has been written about the issues of school psychopathology under the name of ADHD, however, there are few researches and studies directed specifically to the impact of this fact on teachers practice - and even less on elite schools teachers of elementary school and the insight of the meanings conferred by them to this phenomenon. The model used is the qualitative research in psychoanalysis and the work is divided into two stages: bibliographic review on the subject, critically discussed, and field research through semi-structured interviews. The conduct of the interviews and analysis of the results were psychoanalytically oriented through Freud-Lacan theoretical framework. First, we raised elements of social and epistemic space lining this controversial diagnosis and its effects on children subjectivity. We discussed the clinical diversity involved in that nomenclature which reduces subjective and social events to the category of a disorder. We have brought a reflection of the organicist path box ADHD and present a counterpoint between the notion of disorder and the understanding of symptom for Psychoanalysis as a treatment to the real of the angst. In a second stage, we analyzed the interviews with the teachers and divided them into categories. We noticed that the capitalist discourse, allied to the scientificism of the science discourse has brought a number of consequences to the subject including: turned education into a commodity to be consumed, legitimized the transfer of responsibility for certain families own educational values to the hands of the school, didnt blame those involved with the child\'s education, including herself, and subdued the malaise of the subject to neurochemical changes. Analyzing these aspects, this work seeks to demonstrate the permeability of pedagogic discourse to the hegemonic scientific medical discourse. We observed that this \"epidemy of ADHD\" ends up being largely engendered by a capitalist society grounded in consumption and income, having for major elective representantive the power of the pharmaceutical industry. On a counter perspective to the discursive regularities of said experts, the teachers who were interviewed show some particularities in terms of confrontation school impasses, \"inventing\" day after day, strategies for dealing with their students. This study also aims to contribute to an area of ethical reflection to provide more critical educational practices