CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O presente trabalho visou estudar o efeito da deformaÃÃo plÃstica prÃvia por laminaÃÃo e o efeito da deformaÃÃo por traÃÃo no processo de seleÃÃo de variantes durante a transformaÃÃo martensÃtica no aÃo inoxidÃvel austenÃtico AISI 301L. Foram comparadas amostras previamente laminadas e deformadas em ensaio de traÃÃo com amostras apenas deformadas plasticamente em traÃÃo. Aspectos relativos a macrotextura obtidos pela tÃcnica de difraÃÃo de Raios-x e microtextura obtidos por difraÃÃo de elÃtrons retro-espalhados (EBSD) foram estudados. A macrotextura analisou a evoluÃÃo das principais componentes de textura da fase martensÃtica a partir do cÃlculo das funÃÃes de distribuiÃÃo de orientaÃÃo cristalogrÃfica (FDOC). As figuras de pÃlos obtidas por EBSD para grÃos selecionados foram comparadas com figuras de pÃlos calculadas utilizando a teoria fenomenolÃgica da cristalografia da transformaÃÃo martensÃtica cuja sigla em inglÃs à (PMTC). O modelo de Patel-Cohen para simular a influÃncia da tensÃo aplicada durante o processo de transformaÃÃo martensÃtica foi utilizado. Os resultados mostraram que a textura da martensita induzida por deformaÃÃo à tÃpica de uma microestrutura cÃbica de corpo centrado (CCC). Mostraram tambÃm que as amostras apenas tracionadas seguiram o modelo de Patel-Cohen para a seleÃÃo de variantes. Jà as amostras prÃ-deformadas por laminaÃÃo apresentaram uma maior dispersÃo em relaÃÃo ao modelo principalmente as que tiveram posteriormente pouca deformaÃÃo plÃstica por traÃÃo. / The present work aimed to study the effect of the plastic prior strain for rolling and the effect of the strain for tensile test in the process of variants selection during the martensitic transformation in the austenitic stainless steel AISI 301L. There were compared samples previously rolled and deformed in tensile test with samples only plastically deformed in tensile test. Relative aspects to macrotexture obtained by the technique of diffraction of X-rays and microtexture obtained by Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) were studied. The macrotexture analysed the evolution of the principal texture components of the martensitic phase from the calculation of the orientation distribution function (ODF). The pole figures obtained by EBSD for selected grains were compared with pole figures calculated using the phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography whose acronym in English is (PMTC). The model of Patel-Cohen to simulate the influence of the tension applied during the process of martensitic transformation was used. The results showed that the texture of the deformation induced martensite is typical of a body-centered cubic microstructure. They showed also that the only tensile samples followed the model of Patel-Cohen for the variants selection. The prior deformed samples by rolling presented a bigger dispersal regarding model principally those who subsequently had little plastic deformation for traction.

This diploma thesis studies the structure of selected austenitic stainless steels which were fatigued at room and depressed temperatures. The theoretical part is divided into three parts. The first one defines the austenitic stainless steels with accent to their chemical composition and microstructure. Second part is dedicated to deformation-induced martensite formation. The third part shows the mechanisms and stages of damage due to cyclic straining. The experimental part is focused especially on the observing of microstructural changes by methods of colour metallography and their relation to stress-strain response of material under selected conditions of fatigue loading. Series of samples of 304 and 316L steels were prepared by colour etching and their microstructures were documented using optical microscopy. Then the semi-quantitative measurements of presence and morphology of deformation-induced martensite were done and the results were discussed and correlated with fatigue damage level.

No description available.