Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Göttingen, 1972. / Includes bibliographical references (p. xvi-xxxiii).

Thèse --Bordeaux. / "Thèse ... présentée et soutenue ... le 5 juillet 1954, et mise à jour au 30 septembre 1955." On label mounted on cover: Paris, A. Pedone. Legislation included in "Annexes" (p. [213]-226). Bibliography: p. [227]-228.

Paper [I] models a game, where two temporary work agencies (TWAs) compete to fill a vacancy at a client firm (CF). They simultaneously choose how much effort to expend, based on their expectation of how good their opponent’s best candidate will be. I then show that this will make the TWAs overconfident, as the rational way of judging your own probability of winning is not looking at the opponents expected best, but comparing how much effort your opponent will expend. Paper [II] examines the misaligned incentives in the temporary work agency sector, where we first look at pure recruiting contracts, that either require payment on delivery, or payment on some specified point in time. We then look at the incentives of recruit-and-rent contracts, where the worker is leased to the client firm. We assume that the better the worker, the higher the probability that the client firm is going to want to hire him/her. If that happens then the TWA will no longer get revenues from said worker, incentivizing the TWA to not always deliver the first match it finds, if it is too good. Lastly we look at how competition can dampen this perverse incentive. Paper [III] models the waiting behavior that can occur if a TWA is contracted to find a worker for a specific time far in the future; the TWA will postpone effort. This behavior is modeled for two types of TWAs; one that is rational and plans ahead, and another that does not plan ahead at all, but instead only looks at the immediate future. I find that the one that only looks at the immediate future starts exerting effort earlier than the planner. After looking at optimal contracts under perfect monitoring and hidden action I provide two extensions. I first show that for the principal to want to delegate search to a rational TWA, the agent has to be better than the CF, by some factor, as it has to make up in efficiency what the principal loses in moral hazard, when the agent waits longer than the principal would like it to. Lastly I prove that it is profit maximizing for the principal to contract one agent and give it a deadline earlier than when the principal would need the worker, and then replace that agent with a competitor if the first one has not succeeded by that earlier deadline. Paper [IV] estimates at the effect of family experience on relative transition probability into the temporary work agency sector. Using register data for all of Sweden we run a bias-reduced logistic regression, where we include various factors that affect the probability of young adults (aged 18-34) entering the sector. This paper ties in to the literature on occupational inheritance, as well as the literature on changing social norms. We find that having had a parent, sibling or partner in the TWA sector increases your probability of entering.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse position and possibilities of a municipality in the Czech Republic in the field of environmental protection. The thesis is divided into six basic parts. The Introduction briefly illustrates the importance of municipalities and explains the system of this thesis. Chapter One deals with the environment, especially with its protection under the Czech constitutional law. Municipalities and their bodies are characterised in Chapter Two. The next chapter describes the town and country planning and examples of bylaws issued by a municipality within its separate power in order to protect the environment. Chapter Four introduces the legal instruments which can be used by a municipality in environmental protection within delegated power. In the Conclusion, the author draws attention on several problems connected with participation of municipalities in environmental protection, nevertheless he highlights that municipalities play an unquestionable role in this field.

Distributed ledger technology (DLT) stands to benefit industries such as financial services with transparency and censorship resistance. DLT systems need to be scalable to handle mass user adoption. Mass user adoption is required to demonstrate the true value of DLT. This dissertation first analyses scalability in ethereum and EOS. Currently, ethereum 1.0 uses proof of work (PoW) and handles only 14 transactions per second (tps) compared to Visa's peak 47 000 tps. Ethereum 2.0, known as Serenity, introduces sharding, proof of stake (Casper), plasma and state channels in and effort to scale the system. EOS uses a delegated proof of stake (DPoS) protocol, where 21 super-nodes, termed ‘block producers' (BPs), facilitate consensus, bringing about significant scalability improvements (4000 tps). The trade-off is decentralisation. EOS is not sufficiently decentralised because the BPs yield significant power, but are not diverse. This dissertation conducts an empirical analysis using unsupervised machine learning to show that there is a high probability collusion is occurring between certain BPs. It then suggests possible protocol alterations such as inverse vote weighting that could curb adverse voting behaviour in DPoS. It further analyses whether universities are suitable BP's before mapping out required steps for universities to become block producers (leading to improved decentralisation in EOS)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavio J Roman.pdf: 1416066 bytes, checksum: 78edd1db187a1b2e8ca9ab9a3e4cfb3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-04 / This research analyzes the possibilities of delegated regulations in the Brazilian legal-constitutional order, and looks for the definition of the limits of the ruling function by the Public Administration. The first concern was to define the legislator's minimum duty on regulating the subject, decisions which the Parliament could never entirely assign to the Administration's discretion. The delegated regulations theory was developed from this understanding, as a type of executive regulation, considering that the delegating law had been already defined by regulation standards. It is, therefore, an attempt of conciliation between delegated regulations and Rule of law. Thus, in the first part of the text, the separation of powers and the legality are covered, in an attempt to line up the limits of ruling function. In the second part, the differences between regulation and law are explained, and also the differences between regulation and administrative act in strict sense. After that, the regulation's concept is presented, as well its justification, classification and typology. Subsequently, it is argued the existence of delegated regulation as an especial type of executive regulation, once it must respect the legal standards. At last, the substantial limits to the ruling function and are indicated, i.e. the duties of the legislator. It was not intended the analysis of the viability of the abstract type of regulation to find out whether the regulation is adjusted to the legal-constitutional order. On the contrary, the study tries to understand the regulation from the perspective of the requirements of the law. From the definition of minimum duties of the delegating law, all subsequent regulation would be considered, in certain way, as an executive modality of the law, not offensive, therefore, to the principles of the Rule of law / Esta dissertação analisa a viabilidade, no ordenamento jurídico-constitucional brasileiro, dos chamados regulamentos delegados, autorizados ou habilitados. Procura também definir os limites do exercício da função regulamentar pela Administração Pública. Sobre o tema, a primeira preocupação foi definir um dever mínimo de regulamentação do legislador sobre a matéria, uma área onde o Parlamento, em hipótese nenhuma, seria livre para entregar a questão à discricionariedade da Administração. Foi a partir dessa compreensão que se desenvolveu o tema dos regulamentos habilitados, que se justificariam como um tipo de regulamento executivo, eis que os padrões de regulamentação já foram previamente definidos pela lei habilitante. Cuida-se, pois, de uma tentativa de conciliação entre regulamento habilitado e Estado de Direito. Assim, na primeira parte, debate-se sobre os princípios da separação de poderes e da legalidade e se procura já alinhar os argumentos sobre os limites da função regulamentar. Já numa segunda parte, cuida-se de diferenciar o regulamento da lei e do ato administrativo em sentido estrito. Em seguida, apresenta-se o conceito de regulamento, bem como sua fundamentação, classificação e tipologia. Mais a frente, discute-se a viabilidade de um regulamento habilitado, mas que não deixe de ser um tipo especial de regulamento executivo porque deve atender às exigências da legalidade. Enfim, são indicados os limites substanciais à função regulamentar, ou seja, os deveres do legislador. Não se trata, portanto, de uma análise acerca da viabilidade de um tipo abstrato de regulamento para apurar se ele se ajusta ao ordenamento jurídico-constitucional em estudo, mas de compreender o regulamento a partir de determinadas exigências de densidade normativa da lei. É que a partir da definição de deveres mínimos da legislação habilitante, todo regulamento posterior, editado com fundamento nela, poderá ser considerado, de certo modo, como uma modalidade executiva da lei, não ofensiva, pois, aos princípios do Estado de Direito

The aim of this diploma paper was to evaluate the current state of development and financing of delegated powers of municipalities in the Czech Republic. Development financing was assessed for the period 1993 - 2003. Specifically, were monitored tax, non-tax and capital revenues, grants and current and capital expenditures. An analysis found that total revenue and expenditure in the period grew almost identically. Revenue increased primarily due to growth in tax revenues and increased subsidies. Expenditure increased depending on the growth of prices, but also due to broader range of tasks delegated by the state to municipalities. The intended goal was achieved by using analysis of entitlement subsidies and an allowance for the state administration. Analysis of entitlement grants was done in all municipalities in the Czech Republic for the period 2001 - 2010 and specifically the communities of South Region for the period 2003 - 2010. Using both analysis revealed that entitlements constitute a substantial share of subsidies in total subsidies received and this proportion increases with the increasing population. Analysis of the contribution to the state administration was performed in all 623 villages of South County. The villages were divided into five categories, depending on the extent of delegated powers. By analyzing the contribution to the state administration was established, how the allowance in each year, what was the cause of change and what was the structure contribution to the state administration of the individual categories.

This thesis is dealing with the theme of States supervision of local governments and aims describing of the system and theory of the process of the supervision and control of local government units as one of the main features of modern democratic society. Big impact of mainly legislative activities of municipalities and regions on lives of the citizens is actually the main reason why state has to supervise it. The first part of the text I devoted to a theoretical introduction. I am trying to describe basic concepts necessary for whole work. After that I mentioned legislation which lays the foundation of whole problematic and determines what is supervised, by who it is supervised and how. In next part I specified the subject of the states supervision and by that partly subject of this thesis, which mainly is legislative activity of local governments. In following part I was writing about different phases of the supervising relation between supervisor and supervised body. For better illustration, I used a few examples and practical information about communication between them and what results it brings. Next part I devoted to the exercising of the states supervision of local governments units itself. Firstly I was describing the supervision of municipalities over their delegated and as well over...

In this paper, we explore drivers and mitigators of agency conflicts inherent in the fund manager-fund investor relationship through the lens of the principal-agent model. By engaging in abductive qualitative research, we apply both deductive and inductive inquiry to complement and extend previous literature with insights from parties directly involved in the Swedish mutual fund market. Hence, data is collected from eight semi-structured interviews with four senior fund managers, three institutional investors and one fund investment association, all operating in Sweden. The results of the study show that agency conflicts and mitigators found in previous studied principal-agent settings are also in large part found in the fund manager-fund investor setting in Sweden. However, this study has extended previous research by generating knowledge about drivers and mitigators of agency conflict found in the real world, which have been left unexplored in previous studies.

University of Macau / Faculty of Law