El presente trabajo analiza las relaciones entre poder ejecutivo y legislativo en los sistemas presidenciales, concentrándose específicamente en los casos de los primeros gobiernos de Álvaro Uribe Vélez en Colombia [2002-2006] y de Carlos Saúl Menem en Argentina [1989-1995]. Lo hace desde de una perspectiva analítica denominada neomadisoniana. Ubicada bajo el paraguas del neoinstitucionalismo, ésta utiliza como punto de partida el pensamiento de los padres fundadores de la democracia americana, particularmente el de James Madison, concentrándose en el estudio de como los arreglos institucionales constriñen el comportamiento de los actores a través del establecimiento de incentivos mediante los que se distribuyen distintos recursos de poder, proporcionando, además, una estructura estable, aunque no necesariamente eficiente, para la interacción humana. De este modo, el enfoque posee un particular interés por el análisis de la organización de los gobiernos, ya sea en términos de jerarquía o de transacciones entre actores instituciones [poderes ejecutivo y legislativo] que, de acuerdo al caso, gozan de distintos niveles de simetría y, consecuentemente, de capacidad de impactar sobre el proceso de toma de decisiones. Dentro de este marco, se intentarán identificar en el análisis de los casos patrones de regularidad y diferencia en relación a las características asumidas en el proceso de separación de poderes y el efecto que ejercen sobre él los poderes constitucionales y partidarios de los presidentes.

Our thesis entitled The Invention of Orthodoxy. Religion and Modernity in Romanian nationalist discourse from the XIXth to the XXth century is intended to be a history of the idea of “Romanianess” which brings together, in a structural as well as in a conceptual dimension, three major themes: Romanian Orthodoxy, Modernity and the Political. Having as premise for the study of the Romanian case the simultaneous genesis of the religious and political communities, from the Middle Ages to Modernity, the purpose of our inquiry is to formulate a theologico-political definition of ‘’Romanian Orthodoxy’’. Thus, within a main theoretical framework that values the contributions of Carl Schmitt, Michel Foucault and Reinhart Koselleck, our analysis of selected texts that go from the 1860’s to the 1940’s tries to answer the question regarding the relationship between Romanian Orthodoxy and Modernity, as well as its reflection upon the political identity and organisation of the Romanian society. Considering the political context of the events that underline our conceptual focus, we consider that the proper answer to our investigation lies within the logic of multiplicity; namely, we refer to a plural Romania which is divided, at the beginning of the XXth century, between Traditionalism and Modernity, between a massive rural, agrarian society and an urban minority elite, striving to single out, in an phenomenological approach, the “Romanian way”. Secondly, we refer to a plural Modernity, which is at the same time social, cultural, religious and political. Thirdly, the logic of multiplicity applies as well in the interpretation of the fractures present within the religious nationalist discourse; namely, the rejection of Orthodoxy during the XIXth century, as it was considered an impediment in Romania’s path to adopting western modernity and later on, starting with the 1930, the restoration of the “Orthodox ethos” as a source of cultural and political values of the Romanian nation.

This dissertation aims to analyse the development of the deliberative model of democracy in the U.S., both in an empirical and theoretical levels, from its origins in the eighties of the last century until now. In the first part we study the political and historical elements that build the crisis of the Liberal political system in the seventies in the U.S. and its effects on the political behaviour of citizens. In the second part we discuss the origins and development of the deliberative theory of democracy, its main authors, approaches and elements. The key aspect of this model of democracy is to reverse the apathy and strength the political participation of citizens through public deliberation. In the last part we expose the practical level of the deliberative democracy: how this theory of has been put into practice in the American political domain. We describe the main projects of deliberative democracy rose from civil society from the eighties until today. Finally, we expose the James Fishkin’s proposal of deliberative poll. This is the link between the empirical and theoretical levels of the deliberative model of democracy.

This doctoral thesis unfolds into a collection of three distinct articles that share an interest in supply firms, or “peripheral firms”. The three studies offer a novel theoretical perspective that I call the peripheral view of manufacturing networks. Building on the relational view literature, this new perspective identifies the supplier-based theoretical standpoint to analyze and explain the antecedents of relational rents in manufacturing networks. The first article, the namesake of the dissertation, is a theoretical contribution that explains the foundations of the “peripheral view of manufacturing networks”. The second article “Framing The Strategic Peripheries: A Novel Typology of Suppliers” is an empirical study with the aim to offer an interpretation of peripheries’ characteristics and dynamics. The third article, “What is Behind Absorptive Capacity? Dispelling the Opacity of R&D” presents an example of general theory development by using data from peripheral firms.

Management and organization literature has extensively noticed the crucial role that improvisation assumes in organizations, both as a learning process (Miner, Bassoff & Moorman, 2001), a creative process (Fisher & Amabile, 2008), a capability (Vera & Crossan, 2005), and a personal disposition (Hmielesky & Corbett, 2006; 2008). My dissertation aims to contribute to the existing literature on improvisation, addressing two general research questions: 1) How does improvisation unfold at an individual level? 2) What are the potential antecedents and consequences of individual proclivity to improvise? This dissertation is based on a mixed methodology that allowed me to deal with these two general research questions and enabled a constant interaction between the theoretical framework and the empirical results. The selected empirical field is haute cuisine and the respondents are the executive chefs of the restaurants awarded by Michelin Guide in 2010 in Italy. The qualitative section of the dissertation is based on the analysis of 26 inductive case studies and offers a multifaceted contribution. First, I describe how improvisation works both as a learning and creative process. Second, I introduce a new categorization of individual improvisational scenarios (demanded creative improvisation, problem solving improvisation, and pure creative improvisation). Third, I describe the differences between improvisation and other creative processes detected in the field (experimentation, brainstorming, trial and error through analytical procedure, trial and error, and imagination). The quantitative inquiry is founded on a Structural Equation Model, which allowed me to test simultaneously the relationships between proclivity to improvise and its antecedents and consequences. In particular, using a newly developed scale to measure individual proclivity to improvise, I test the positive influence of industry experience, self-efficacy, and age on proclivity to improvise and the negative impact of proclivity to improvise on outcome deviation. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of the results are discussed.

Although rational models of formal planning have been seriously criticized by strategy literature, they not only remain a widely used organizational practice in private firms, but they have increasingly been entering public, professional organizations too, as part of public sector managerial reforms. This research addresses this apparent paradox, exploring the meaning of formal planning in public sector professional work. Curiously, this is an issue that remains under-investigated in the literature: the long debate on formal planning in strategy research devoted scant attention to its diffusion in the public sector, and public sector studies have scrutinized the introduction of other management tools in professional work, but very limitedly formal planning itself. In fact, little is known on the actual meaning of formal planning in public, professional services. This research is based upon a case of adoption of formal planning tools in a public hospital. Embracing a discourse analytical lens, it examines which formal planning discourse entered professional work, to what extent, and how professionals interpret it and engage with it in their practice. The analysis uncovers dynamics of social construction of meaning where, eventually, a formal planning discourse both shapes and is shaped by professional practice. In particular, it is found that formal planning rationality largely penetrated professional work, but not to the detriment of professional values. Morevover, formal planning ‘fails’ as a tool for rational decision making, but it takes up a knowledge work and a social value in professional work, as a tool for explicitation of action courses and for dialogue between otherwise more disconnected parts of the organization.

Managerial and organizational cognition studies the ways cognitions of managers in groups, organizations and industries shape their strategies and actions. Cognitions refer to simplified representations of managers’ internal and external environments, necessary to cope with the rich, ambiguous information requirements that characterize strategy making. Despite the important achievements in the field, many unresolved puzzles remain as to this process, particular as to the cognitive factors that condition actors in framing a response to a discontinuity, how actors can change their models in the face of a discontinuity, and the reciprocal relation between cognition and action. I leverage on the recent case of the recorded music industry in the face of the digital technology to study these issues, through a strategy-oriented study of the way early response to the discontinuity was constructed and of the subsequent evolution of this response. Through a longitudinal historical and cognitive analysis of actions and cognitions at both the industry and firm-level during the period in which the response took place (1999-2010), I gain important insights on the way historical beliefs in the industry shaped early response to the digital disruption, on the role of outsiders in promoting change through renewed vision about important issues, and on the reciprocal relationship between cognitive and strategic change.

No description available.

Enzyveba, a partially characterized complex consortium of not-adapted microorganisms developed through prolonged stabilization of organic wastes, was found to markedly intensify the aerobic remediation of aged PAH- and PCB-contaminated soil by acting as a source of exogenous specialized microorganisms and nutrients. Thus, Enzyveba was tested in the bioremediation of Diesel (G1) and HiQ Diesel (G2) contaminated soils under aerobic slurry-phase conditions by means of a chemical, microbiological, ecotoxicological integrated analytical procedure. The addition of Enzyveba resulted in a higher availability of cultivable specialized bacteria and fungi but this resulted in a slight intensification of soil remediation, probably because of the high content of nutrients and specialized microorganisms of the soil. In many cases, the biotreatability of soils impacted by diesel fuel is limited by their poor content of autochthonous pollutant-degrading microorganisms. Thus, bioaugmentation with stable and reproducible cultures with the required broad substrate specificity might be the solution for a successful remediation. Two microbial consortia, ENZ-G1 and ENZ-G2, were enriched from Enzyveba on G1 and G2. Both consortia consist of a similar composition of bacterial and fungal species. They exhibited a comparable and significant biodegradation capability by removing about 90% of 1 g/l of diesel fuel under liquid culture conditions. Given their remarkable biodegradation potential, richness of quite diverse microbes, stability and resistance after cryopreservation at -20 °C for several months, both consortia appear very interesting candidates for bioaugmentation on site. The mycoflora of a soil historically contaminated by high concentration of PCBs was characterised before, at the beginning and at the end of the biotreatment mentioned above. Several mitosporic fungi isolated from soil grew in presence of a mixture of three PCBs congeners when also glucose was provided. This is the first study in which 5 strains of mitosporic species able to biodegrade PCB are reported in the literature.

An anaerobic consortium, capable of efficiently converting into methane the organic fraction of mechanically sorted municipal solid waste (MS-OFMSW), was obtained through a dedicated enrichment procedure in a 0.36 L up-flow anaerobic recirculated reactor. This result was obtained after several micro-reactor fed-batch procedures that allowed to obtain only a few methanization of the MS-OFMSW.