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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The Participatory Turn: Participatory Budgeting Comes to America

Gilman, Hollie Russon 23 May 2016 (has links)
Participatory Budgeting (PB) has expanded to over 1,500 municipalities worldwide since its inception in Porto Alege, Brazil in 1989 by the leftist Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party). While PB has been adopted throughout the world, it has yet to take hold in the United States. This dissertation examines the introduction of PB to the United States with the first project in Chicago in 2009, and proceeds with an in-depth case study of the largest implementation of PB in the United States: Participatory Budgeting in New York City. I assess the outputs of PB in the United States including deliberations, governance, and participation. I argue that PB produces better outcomes than the status quo budget process in New York City, while also transforming how those who participate understand themselves as citizens, constituents, Council members, civil society leaders and community stakeholders. However, there are serious challenges to participation, including high costs of engagement, process exhaustion, and perils of scalability. I devise a framework for assessment called “citizenly politics,” focusing on: 1) designing participation 2) deliberation 3) participation and 4) potential for institutionalization. I argue that while the material results PB produces are relatively modest, including more innovative projects, PB delivers more substantial non-material or existential results. Existential citizenly rewards include: greater civic knowledge, strengthened relationships with elected officials, and greater community inclusion. Overall, PB provides a viable and informative democratic innovation for strengthening civic engagement within the United States that can be streamlined and adopted to scale. / Government
2

Inovação democrática e desconfiança: o controle das políticas públicas nos conselhos / Democratic innovation and distrust: patterns of control in public policy councils

Vello, Bruno Grisotto 08 February 2018 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é oferecer uma apreciação sistemática da capacidade de conselhos gestores de políticas públicas uma das principais inovações democráticas brasileiras de produzir controle e accountability. Argumenta-se que conselhos podem ser considerados instâncias capazes de exercer controle (incidência sobre as ações ou intenções de agir de outrem) e accountability (responsabilização e aplicação de sanções sobre ações pregressas de outrem). No entanto, a lógica a partir da qual realizam esses expedientes não atende de maneira cabal aos critérios de uma compreensão destes conceitos pautada nos moldes institucionais do governo representativo. Para compreender a lógica do controle ou accountability que instâncias de inovação democrática e, neste caso, conselhos podem realizar, é preciso, antes, reconhecer os padrões dilatados da governança das políticas públicas, que são próprios do complexo Estado contemporâneo. O trabalho concentra-se em duas perguntas. Primeiro, quem são os atores sujeitos ao controle e à accountability potencialmente exercidos pelos conselhos, e que tipo de atividades pretendidas por eles passam pelo crivo dessas instâncias? Segundo, qual a capacidade dos conselhos de reproduzir os critérios mais exigentes desses conceitos, e como se inserem em conjuntos mais amplos de instâncias que potencialmente exercem controle e accountability democráticos? As respostas a essas perguntas são fornecidas a partir da análise de uma amostra de cerca de 4 mil decisões publicadas nos diários oficiais por todos os conselhos localizados em três municípios brasileiros em um período de sete anos. Os resultados apontam que, ao contrário do que se pode esperar, atores estatais não são os principais destinatários das decisões tomadas pelos conselhos analisados. Suas decisões recaem, majoritariamente, sobre implementadores societais das políticas sociais que devem passar pelo crivo dos conselhos para obter recursos públicos, e sobre atores da iniciativa privada cuja atuação autônoma pode causar danos a objetos protegidos por políticas ambientais e urbanas e, como tais, sofrem fiscalização dos conselhos. Os resultados também indicam que conselhos possuem alguma capacidade de atender aos critérios mais exigentes de uma relação de accountability. Não obstante, sugere-se que uma compreensão mais proveitosa sobre eles envolve desvendar sua inserção em uma arquitetura de instâncias de inovação no interior da qual expedientes de controle democrático são realizados de maneira difusa. / This work assesses public policy councils` (one of Brazilian main democratic innovation institutions) capabilities of exercising patterns of democratic control and accountability. It argues that councils may be capable of producing control (acting over others` actions or will to act) and accountability (making others responsible for their past actions and having sanctioning power over them). Nevertheless, they do so in ways that do not fit completely in an understanding of these concepts based on representative government`s institutional machinery. In order to understand the logic of control and accountability that democratic innovations (in this case, councils) may produce, one needs to previously acknowledge contemporary Sate`s diffuse patterns of governance. More specifically, this thesis aims at answering two questions. First, over which actors do councils potentially exercise accountability? And over which of their intended activities do councils` jurisdictions extend? Second, what are councils` actual capabilities of meeting accountability`s more rigorous conceptual criteria? And how they infiltrate groups composed of other control and accountability institutions? The work analyses a sample of approximately four thousand decisions published by councils in three different municipalities in a seven years period. Results point that, differently from theoretical expectations, State actors are not the main recipients of the analyzed councils` decisions. Their jurisdictions mainly extend over societal actors that implement social policies and must be accountable to councils in order to access public funds, and over private initiative actors who must be accountable for their actions regarding environmental and urban regulation policies. The results also suggest that, although councils have some capacity of meeting the more rigorous conceptual criteria of an accountability relationship, a better understanding of their actions concerns their infiltration in an architecture of democratic innovations in which control is diffusely exercised.
3

Inovação democrática e desconfiança: o controle das políticas públicas nos conselhos / Democratic innovation and distrust: patterns of control in public policy councils

Bruno Grisotto Vello 08 February 2018 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho é oferecer uma apreciação sistemática da capacidade de conselhos gestores de políticas públicas uma das principais inovações democráticas brasileiras de produzir controle e accountability. Argumenta-se que conselhos podem ser considerados instâncias capazes de exercer controle (incidência sobre as ações ou intenções de agir de outrem) e accountability (responsabilização e aplicação de sanções sobre ações pregressas de outrem). No entanto, a lógica a partir da qual realizam esses expedientes não atende de maneira cabal aos critérios de uma compreensão destes conceitos pautada nos moldes institucionais do governo representativo. Para compreender a lógica do controle ou accountability que instâncias de inovação democrática e, neste caso, conselhos podem realizar, é preciso, antes, reconhecer os padrões dilatados da governança das políticas públicas, que são próprios do complexo Estado contemporâneo. O trabalho concentra-se em duas perguntas. Primeiro, quem são os atores sujeitos ao controle e à accountability potencialmente exercidos pelos conselhos, e que tipo de atividades pretendidas por eles passam pelo crivo dessas instâncias? Segundo, qual a capacidade dos conselhos de reproduzir os critérios mais exigentes desses conceitos, e como se inserem em conjuntos mais amplos de instâncias que potencialmente exercem controle e accountability democráticos? As respostas a essas perguntas são fornecidas a partir da análise de uma amostra de cerca de 4 mil decisões publicadas nos diários oficiais por todos os conselhos localizados em três municípios brasileiros em um período de sete anos. Os resultados apontam que, ao contrário do que se pode esperar, atores estatais não são os principais destinatários das decisões tomadas pelos conselhos analisados. Suas decisões recaem, majoritariamente, sobre implementadores societais das políticas sociais que devem passar pelo crivo dos conselhos para obter recursos públicos, e sobre atores da iniciativa privada cuja atuação autônoma pode causar danos a objetos protegidos por políticas ambientais e urbanas e, como tais, sofrem fiscalização dos conselhos. Os resultados também indicam que conselhos possuem alguma capacidade de atender aos critérios mais exigentes de uma relação de accountability. Não obstante, sugere-se que uma compreensão mais proveitosa sobre eles envolve desvendar sua inserção em uma arquitetura de instâncias de inovação no interior da qual expedientes de controle democrático são realizados de maneira difusa. / This work assesses public policy councils` (one of Brazilian main democratic innovation institutions) capabilities of exercising patterns of democratic control and accountability. It argues that councils may be capable of producing control (acting over others` actions or will to act) and accountability (making others responsible for their past actions and having sanctioning power over them). Nevertheless, they do so in ways that do not fit completely in an understanding of these concepts based on representative government`s institutional machinery. In order to understand the logic of control and accountability that democratic innovations (in this case, councils) may produce, one needs to previously acknowledge contemporary Sate`s diffuse patterns of governance. More specifically, this thesis aims at answering two questions. First, over which actors do councils potentially exercise accountability? And over which of their intended activities do councils` jurisdictions extend? Second, what are councils` actual capabilities of meeting accountability`s more rigorous conceptual criteria? And how they infiltrate groups composed of other control and accountability institutions? The work analyses a sample of approximately four thousand decisions published by councils in three different municipalities in a seven years period. Results point that, differently from theoretical expectations, State actors are not the main recipients of the analyzed councils` decisions. Their jurisdictions mainly extend over societal actors that implement social policies and must be accountable to councils in order to access public funds, and over private initiative actors who must be accountable for their actions regarding environmental and urban regulation policies. The results also suggest that, although councils have some capacity of meeting the more rigorous conceptual criteria of an accountability relationship, a better understanding of their actions concerns their infiltration in an architecture of democratic innovations in which control is diffusely exercised.
4

Demokratisk innovation : En fallstudie av medborgardialogen som kanal för politiskt inflytande

Bennani Jerari, Dina-Maria January 2017 (has links)
The study of citizen dialogues primarily focuses on which citizens are included in dialogues, and how those citizens are included in dialogues, despite the fact that the influence perspective is at least as important as the inclusion perspective for the right to political participation. This essay thus addresses the challenge of citizen dialogues regarding their impact on political decisions. This study examines how citizen dialogue as a democratic innovation operates within a local political context, this to answer how the dialogue functions as a channel of political influence. The overall aim is to determine whether democratic innovation can revitalize representative democracy. This is answered by a qualitative case study of one of the dialogues of Huddinge municipality. The study is conducted with semi-structured interviews as primary materials. Graham Smith's institutional democracy theory forms the analysis framework, which is made up of various institutional and democratic ideals. The study's findings show that citizen dialogues, as democratic innovation, work well in a local political context, since the innovation is considered effective and because the innovation has a structure and a clear function in the political system. The results also show that citizens have a good chance of influencing political processes through citizen dialogues. This is mainly due to the fact that the studied citizen dialogue took place at an early stage of the decision-making process, which enabled better conditions for political participation. The results also reveal that there are no mechanisms within the political system that ensure that the participation will have significance. Consequently, it is not possible to draw conclusions as to whether a citizen dialogue is generally a good channel for political influence or not. The conclusions from this study are that a citizen dialogue can be considered to revitalize representative democracy, provided that it both fits in the local political context and has good conditions for integrating citizens' participation in the subsequent political decisions. / Studiet av medborgardialoger kretsar främst kring vilka och hur medborgare inkluderas i dialoger, trots att perspektivet inflytande har en minst lika viktig betydelse för rätten till politiskt deltagande som inkluderingsperspektivet. Uppsatsen tar därmed fasta på medborgardialogens utmaning kring inflytande. Studien undersöker hur medborgardialogen fungerar som demokratisk innovation i en lokalpolitisk kontext, detta för att svara på hur dialogen fungerar som kanal för politiskt inflytande. Det övergripande syftet är huruvida en demokratisk innovation kan vitalisera den representativa demokratin. Detta besvaras genom en kvalitativ fallstudie av en av Huddinge kommuns medborgardialoger. Undersökningen genomförs med semistrukturerade intervjuer som primärmaterial. Med avstamp i Graham Smiths institutionella demokratiteori skapas analysramverket bestående av olika institutionella och demokratiska ideal. Studiens resultat visar att medborgardialogen som demokratisk innovation, fungerar väl i en lokal-politisk kontext då innovationen ses som effektiv och innehar en tydlig funktion inom det politiska systemet. Resultatet visar även att medborgare har en god möjlighet till inflytande på politiska processer. Detta beror främst på att den studerade medborgardialogen skedde i ett tidigt skede av beslutsprocessen, vilket möjliggjorde bättre förutsättningar för politisk delaktighet. Av resultatet framkommer det även att det saknas mekanismer inom det politiska systemet som garanterar att deltagandet blir betydelsefullt. Det går följaktligen inte att dra slutsatsen kring om medborgardialogen i allmänhet är en bra kanal för politiskt inflytande eller inte. Slutsatserna är att medborgardialogen kan ses vitalisera den representativa demokratin, med förbehåll att medborgardialogen både passar i den lokala politiska kontexten och har goda förutsättningar för att integrera medborgarnas deltagande i efterföljande politiska beslut.

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