Ce travail aura pour but d’explorer l’interface sémantique-syntaxe des « constructions » avec les prédicats secondaires, résultatifs et dépictifs. Une attention particulière sera donnée au problème du choix des sujets (ou des hôtes) de prédication pour ces deux types de prédicats, ainsi qu’à la classe aspectuelle lexicale du verbe à la base de la construction.Dans la première partie, nous introduisons divers patterns de la construction résultative et expliquons le principe de base qui régit la syntaxe de ces constructions, à savoir la Restriction sur l’objet direct. D’abord nous réviserons la sémantique des adjectifs gradables, étant donné que les propriétés de l’échelle d’une propriété introduite par l’adjectif définissent la structure événemen-tielle/aspectuelle des constructions résultatives, notamment la distinction entre les constructions résultatives à contrôle et à marquage exceptionnel casuel. Après avoir écarté un nombre de prétendus contre-exemples à la Restriction DOR, nous réaffirmerons sa validité, notamment en tant que diagnostic de l’inaccusativité en anglais. Après avoir étudier le problème des objets non-sélectionnés, nous verrons pourquoi le russe n’a pas ce type de construction, et, conjointement, pourquoi il ne doit pas être classifié comme une langue satellite-framed, étant donné que le paramètre qui autorise les constructions résultatives dans une langue est également responsable pour la classification des langues en satellite-framed ou verb-framed.La deuxième partie sera consacré aux prédicats dépictifs, notamment aux contraintes qui pèsent sur le choix du contrôleur pour ce type de prédication secondaire, ainsi qu’aux propriétés des adjectifs dépictifs en comparaison avec d’autres types d’adjoints participant-oriented. Nous étudions la distribution des adjectifs formes longues et formes courtes en russe, conditionnée par les propriétés d’accord qui les distinguent et esquissons un processus historique à l’origine de leur distribution dans la langue d’aujourd’hui. / The aim of this dissertation is to explore the syntactic-semantic interface of ‘constructions’ which contain secondary predicates – either depictive or resultative. The main problems will be to deal (i) with the selection of the subjects (or hosts) of these types of predicates and (ii) with the aspectual class of the verbs used in these sentences.In the first part, the various patterns implied in resultative clauses will be examined, leading to the conclusion that the basic principle that governs the syntax of these clauses can be identified with the ‘Restriction on direct objects’ – or RDO. First, the semantics of gradable adjectives will be revisited, taking into account the scalarity properties these adjectives contain, which determine the eventive/ aspectual structures of resultative sentences and the distinction between Control structures and Exceptional Case Marking sentences. After invalidating many would-be counter-examples to the RDO, its validity will be reasserted, notably as a diagnostic of unaccusativity in English. Next, after analysing the problem of unselected object arguments, the reason will be shown why Russian does not possess this type of structure, and why it cannot be characterised as a ‘satellite-framed’ language either – given that the parameter which allows specific resultative structures in any language also determines its classification as satellite-framed or verb-framed.The second part of the dissertation is devoted to depictive predicates – in particular (i) to the constraints that determine the choice of the Controller in this type of secondary predication, and (ii) to the relevant properties of depictive adjectives in contra-distinction to other types of adjuncts, often identified as ‘participant-oriented’. Finally, the distribution of those Russian adjectives which possess long and short forms, which is conditioned by specific agreement or concord properties, is examined, leading to a tentative reconstruction of a diachronic process which has led to their distribution in today's Russian.

<p>This survey focuses on the omissible constituents of a sentence, which not only relate to the verb but also describe the subject or object. In a sentence analysis, they cannot be determined by the syntactic structure alone, but need an additional semantic approach. These units are commonly used, but so far have been insufficiently described in grammars and research literature, although the understanding of the function of these units is necessary in order to be able to make a complete sentence analysis. Further, there is no consensus regarding terminology and classification. The term depictive secondary predication is commonly used in English, and the terms <i>prädikatives Attribut, freies Prädikativ </i>and <i>Koprädikativ</i> are the most widely used terms in German. In this study, the term <i>freies Prädikativ</i> (FP) is used. The classification of these constituents in the literature varies between FP, adverbials and in some cases attributes.</p><p>Based on the information available in German grammars and mainly German research literature, a model was developed, which makes it possible to distinguish FP from adverbials and attributes. A corpus containing German novels and newspapers was analysed in the light of this model. The controlled sentences of grammar books and research literature almost always use adjectives as examples of FP. This study shows that FP can be found in all types of phrases like adjective phrases, participle constructions, als- phrases and prepositional phrases. In addition, it is shown that FP occur with all types of verbs.</p>

This survey focuses on the omissible constituents of a sentence, which not only relate to the verb but also describe the subject or object. In a sentence analysis, they cannot be determined by the syntactic structure alone, but need an additional semantic approach. These units are commonly used, but so far have been insufficiently described in grammars and research literature, although the understanding of the function of these units is necessary in order to be able to make a complete sentence analysis. Further, there is no consensus regarding terminology and classification. The term depictive secondary predication is commonly used in English, and the terms prädikatives Attribut, freies Prädikativ and Koprädikativ are the most widely used terms in German. In this study, the term freies Prädikativ (FP) is used. The classification of these constituents in the literature varies between FP, adverbials and in some cases attributes. Based on the information available in German grammars and mainly German research literature, a model was developed, which makes it possible to distinguish FP from adverbials and attributes. A corpus containing German novels and newspapers was analysed in the light of this model. The controlled sentences of grammar books and research literature almost always use adjectives as examples of FP. This study shows that FP can be found in all types of phrases like adjective phrases, participle constructions, als- phrases and prepositional phrases. In addition, it is shown that FP occur with all types of verbs.