This study examined the effect of three different nursing interventions in the management of women diagnosed as suffering from manic depressive psychosis. The thesis was presented in three parts. In Part One, an examination was made of the role of the nurse in caring for patients suffering from affective disorder in general. Four sub-studies were used to define the construct `routine nursing care'. These comprised: a critical appraisal of (1) the training and (2) the examination of Scottish nursing students; Scottish nurses' perceptions of their role in caring for, (3) patients with manic depresssive psychosis and (4) patients with affective disorder in general. These sub-studies suggested that psychiatric nurses were trained to offer a general, supportive, pattern of care to all patients suffering from affective disorder. No clear difference was found between the role perceptions of nurses caring for `depressed' patients in general, and those caring for manic depressive patients in particular. In Part Two, a further sub-study (5) examined a specific psychological construct, locus of control, within the context of women diagnosed as manic depressive psychosis, in remission. This study suggested that women with a history of depression-only, differed from a normative sample on one scale, with both depression-only and mania and depression subjects differing from each other, and from the normative sample on a second locus of control scale. In a final sub-study (6) a new locus of control scale was developed to measure the patient's expectations of her capacity to influence her status as a sufferer from affective disorder. Sub-studies 5 and 6 suggested the possible role played by the locus of control construct, as a mediating factor in the precipitation and maintenance of major affective disorder. In Part Three, the main (experimental) study compared the effect of three discrete nursing interventions, Routine Nursing Care, Self Evaluation and Modified Cognitive Therapy, on measures of four dependent variables characteristic of depression, and satisfaction with care and treatment. The results suggested that, despite the absence of significant between-group differences on all measures of the dependent variables, the Modified Cognitive Therapy intervention showed more clinically significant changes on three of the clinical variables, and that subjects in the MCT group become more internalised on the locus of control measure. This, suggests that the MCT group subjects' view of their capacity to control external sources of reinforcement, might have increased as a function of exposure to the training in self-management inherent in the MCT intervention. The implications of these findings for psychiatric nursing education and practice are discussed.

Numerous investigations with college students have found that mild depressives perceive environmental contingencies more accurately than do nondepressives. The present study explores this 'depressive realism' phenomenon in a hospitalized sample.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Andrea Gori.pdf: 2065129 bytes, checksum: e93077e2695659a4eb07f98dad7fb041 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study is a psychoanalytic view of Maria Callas biographic fragments, the greek origin soprano. It aims to reveal the facilitator power of the libido fixation on the oral phase, in the manifestation of depressive signs that are present in the hysteric organization of this lyric artist. The study of the depressive aspects in the feminine hysteria was realized from a course through Maria Callas biographic fragments, which I selected and extracted from her biography written by Arianna Stassinopoulos Huffington, called Maria Callas. The Woman Behind the Myth. This research has its basis in the psychoanalysis, regarding the theory about the psychism constitution and functioning. Its grantee representatives are Sigmund Freud and Piera Aulagnier. In this research, I do as Freud did in relation to the analysis of the first manuscript of Mariazell sanctuary, called Trophaeum Mariano-Cellense, which has a detailed description about Christoph Haizmann s demonological neurosis, a Bavarian painter from the XVII century. I also guide myself by Freud s steps suggested in one of his text written in 1937, called Constructions in Analysis , and rely on Maria Callas biographic data by a fluctuant act of reading and listening, that operates through a suspension of everything that the attention regularly focuses on, opening the access paths to the supposed unconscious thoughts and to the supposed subject s libidinal and identifying history. Thus, based on the clinics and the theory of the authors above mentioned, I conceive the thesis according to the following in the supposed Maria Callas libidinal and identifying history, the libido fixation on the oral phase that may be established due to the lack of maternal libidinal investment, in a prevalent way -, which can be a facilitator factor to the manifestation of the depressive sign in its possible hysterical psychic constituition / O presente estudo consiste em uma leitura psicanalítica dos fragmentos biográficos de Maria Callas, soprano de origem grega. Tem como objetivo revelar o poder facilitador da fixação da libido na fase oral, na manifestação dos traços depressivos que se fazem presentes na organização histérica desta artista lírica. O estudo dos aspectos depressivos da histeria feminina foi realizado a partir de um percurso através dos fragmentos biográficos de Maria Callas, que foram por mim selecionados e extraídos da biografia escrita por Arianna Stassinopoulos Huffington, intitulada Maria Callas. A Mulher Por Trás do Mito. Nesta pesquisa, procedo tal como Freud fez em relação à análise do manuscrito originário do santuário de Mariazell, intitulado Trophaeum Mariano-Cellense, no qual havia uma descrição da neurose de Christoph Haizmann, pintor bávaro do século XVII. Esta pesquisa encontra seus fundamentos na psicanálise, enquanto teoria que versa sobre a constituição e o funcionamento do psiquismo, tendo Sigmund Freud e Piera Aulagnier como seus autores privilegiados. Oriento-me também, pelos passos que Freud sugere em seu texto datado de 1937, Construções em Análise Ariana Stassinopoulos HUFFINGTON. Maria Callas. A Mulher por Trás do Mito. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras: 1997. Tradução de Hildegard Feist. 2 Sigmund FREUD (1923[1922]). Uma Neurose Demoníaca do Século XVII. ESB. Vol. XIX. 3 IDEM (1937). Construções em Análise. ESB. Vol. XXIII. , tomando os dados biográficos de Maria Callas por meio de uma leitura-escuta flutuante - que opera a partir de uma suspensão de tudo aquilo que a atenção habitualmente focaliza, abrindo as vias de acesso aos supostos pensamentos inconscientes e à suposta história libidinal e identificatória do sujeito. Deste modo, com base na clínica e amparada teoricamente pelos autores referidos, formulo a tese segundo a qual na provável história libidinal e identificatória de Maria Callas, a fixação da libido na fase oral que pode ter se estabelecido em virtude da carência de investimento libidinal materno, de modo prevalente -, pode ser um fator facilitador para a manifestação de traços depressivos em sua possível constituição psíquica histérica

In the early 20th century, there were few therapeutic options for mental illness and asylum numbers were rising. This pessimistic outlook favoured the rise of the eugenics movement. Heredity was assumed to be the principal cause of mental illness. Politicians, scientists and clinicians in North America and Europe called for compulsory sterilisation of the mentally ill. Psychiatric genetic research aimed to prove a Mendelian mode of inheritance as a scientific justification for these measures. Ernst Rüdin’s seminal 1916 epidemiological study on inheritance of dementia praecox featured large, systematically ascertained samples and statistical analyses. Rüdin’s 1922–1925 study on the inheritance of “manic-depressive insanity” was completed in manuscript form, but never published. It failed to prove a pattern of Mendelian inheritance, counter to the tenets of eugenics of which Rüdin was a prominent proponent. It appears he withheld the study from publication, unable to reconcile this contradiction, thus subordinating his carefully derived scientific findings to his ideological preoccupations. Instead, Rüdin continued to promote prevention of assumed hereditary mental illnesses by prohibition of marriage or sterilisation and was influential in the introduction by the National Socialist regime of the 1933 “Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring” (Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses).

In the early 20th century, there were few therapeutic options for mental illness and asylum numbers were rising. This pessimistic outlook favoured the rise of the eugenics movement. Heredity was assumed to be the principal cause of mental illness. Politicians, scientists and clinicians in North America and Europe called for compulsory sterilisation of the mentally ill. Psychiatric genetic research aimed to prove a Mendelian mode of inheritance as a scientific justification for these measures. Ernst Rüdin’s seminal 1916 epidemiological study on inheritance of dementia praecox featured large, systematically ascertained samples and statistical analyses. Rüdin’s 1922–1925 study on the inheritance of “manic-depressive insanity” was completed in manuscript form, but never published. It failed to prove a pattern of Mendelian inheritance, counter to the tenets of eugenics of which Rüdin was a prominent proponent. It appears he withheld the study from publication, unable to reconcile this contradiction, thus subordinating his carefully derived scientific findings to his ideological preoccupations. Instead, Rüdin continued to promote prevention of assumed hereditary mental illnesses by prohibition of marriage or sterilisation and was influential in the introduction by the National Socialist regime of the 1933 “Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring” (Gesetz zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses).