Submitted by Juliana Correa (juliana.correa@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-05T17:56:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Taise F. Mattei 2016.pdf: 3383869 bytes, checksum: d231572cf7f1c8d850d586a3de3bc229 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T17:56:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Taise F. Mattei 2016.pdf: 3383869 bytes, checksum: d231572cf7f1c8d850d586a3de3bc229 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Brazil is marked by high social and economic inequalities, as well between regions as between people. In the formal work market such inequalities also turn out, mainly with relation the jobs and salaries between men and women. Some theories can be used for explanation these wage inequalities, among them, for example the theory of human capital, segmentation and discrimination. That way, this essay will leave these theories to try to explain the wage inequalities in the Southern region states of Brazil, that are between the most developed, and also present significant wage inequalities, therefore, being important to know its characteristics to try to minimize the differences existing. Starting from the idea that there are wage inequalities with men and women, the objective of essay is to explain the wage inequalities existing in the formal work market in each state of Southern region of Brazil in 2000, 2007 and 2014, and also in the economic sectors of the states, based on theories that seek to explain the wage inequalities. For this purpose, Mincer equations will be estimated using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique, that will suit to decompose the wage inequalities in observable and unobservable aspects. The data used in the research are from RAIS- Annual Relation of Social Informations, developed by the Ministry of Labor and Employement. This research is relevant as the identification of characteristics of formal work market, and the knowledge of causes of wage inequalities have important implications for the effectiveness of public policies. Moreover, given the high social inequalities in Brazil, analyze the determinants of wage inequalities is relevant for the essay of Brazilian reality. The main results revealed that wage inequalities with men and women decreased in the period analyzed in the three states. Similarly, the wage discrimination against the women also decreased in the period, however, the main component to explain the wage inequalities with men and women in all states. In addition, it was noted that in work market and intrasectoral analysis of the three states, the segmentation variables contributed very little to explain wage inequalities, but the human capital variable, often contributed to reduce the differences, these being explained almost entirely by discrimination against women. Thus, it is suggested the need to develop policies aimed at combating discrimination in the work market, thus seeking to reduce wage inequalities. / O Brasil é marcado por elevadas desigualdades sociais e econômicas, tanto entre regiões como entre as pessoas. No mercado de trabalho tais desigualdades também se verificam, principalmente com relação a cargos e salários entre homens e mulheres. Algumas teorias podem ser usadas para explicação dessas desigualdades salariais, dentre elas, pode-se citar a teoria do capital humano, da segmentação e da discriminação. Dessa forma, esse estudo partirá dessas teorias para tentar explicar as desigualdades salariais nos estados da Região Sul do Brasil, os quais estão entre os mais desenvolvidos, e também apresentam significativas desigualdades salariais, sendo, portanto, importante conhecer suas particularidades para tentar minimizar as diferenças existentes. Partindo da ideia que existem diferenças salariais entre homens e mulheres, o objetivo desta pesquisa é explicar as diferenças salariais existentes no mercado de trabalho de cada estado da Região Sul do Brasil nos anos 2000, 2007 e 2014, e também nos setores econômicos dos estados, com base nas teorias que buscam explicar as desigualdades salariais. Para esta finalidade, serão estimadas equações Mincerianas de salários e utilizado o método de decomposição de rendimentos de Oaxaca-Blinder, que servirá para decompor as diferenças salariais em aspectos observáveis e não observáveis. Os dados utilizados na pesquisa são provenientes da RAIS – Relação Anual de Informações Sociais, desenvolvido pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Essa pesquisa se torna relevante à medida que a identificação das características do mercado de trabalho, e o conhecimento das causas das diferenças salariais, têm importantes implicações para a eficácia das políticas públicas. Além disso, dadas as elevadas desigualdades sociais do Brasil, analisar os determinantes das diferenças salariais se torna relevante para o estudo da realidade brasileira. Os principais resultados revelaram que as diferenças salariais, em termos percentuais, entre homens e mulheres, diminuíram no período analisado nos três estados. No mesmo sentido, a discriminação salarial contra as mulheres também diminuiu no período, sendo, no entanto, o principal componente a explicar as diferenças salariais entre homens e mulheres em todos os estados. Além disso, percebeu-se que, no mercado de trabalho e na análise intrassetorial dos três estados, as variáveis de segmentação contribuíram muito pouco para a explicação das diferenças salariais, já as variáveis de capital humano, muitas vezes, contribuíam para reduzir as diferenças, sendo estas explicadas, quase que totalmente, pela discriminação contra a mulher. Dessa forma, sugere-se a necessidade de que se desenvolvam políticas voltadas ao combate da discriminação no mercado de trabalho, buscando assim diminuir as desigualdades salariais

Racism as legislated by the government of South Africa, found its way into every sphere of South African life, political, social, economic and religious. Racism became another culture. It was in this culture that the Church of the Province of Southern Afiica (Anglican) and the diocese of Johannesburg found itself. To be credible and true to its calling, this church in its social teachings taught against racism on the grounds that it is anti-Christian and denies the essential truths of the gospel. However a contradiction in its teachings presented itself. Racism came to be found to be alive in its life and structures. The church came to not practice what it preached. Its practice did not follow its theory. For this church to be the church, racism needs to be purged from its life, practice and structures. A new way of life in the church has to be created and followed. / M.Th. (Systematic Theology)

Racism as legislated by the government of South Africa, found its way into every sphere of South African life, political, social, economic and religious. Racism became another culture. It was in this culture that the Church of the Province of Southern Afiica (Anglican) and the diocese of Johannesburg found itself. To be credible and true to its calling, this church in its social teachings taught against racism on the grounds that it is anti-Christian and denies the essential truths of the gospel. However a contradiction in its teachings presented itself. Racism came to be found to be alive in its life and structures. The church came to not practice what it preached. Its practice did not follow its theory. For this church to be the church, racism needs to be purged from its life, practice and structures. A new way of life in the church has to be created and followed. / M.Th. (Systematic Theology)

La transparence, à travers ses multiples applications par le juge européen, est érigée en principe général du droit de l’Union européenne. Ses fondements juridiques retentissent sur sa portée, impérative et supplétive, son champ d’application matériel et personnel ainsi que sur son extension progressive et sa limitation aux seuls rapports verticaux développés entre les autorités adjudicatrices et les opérateurs économiques. La transparence est rattachée directement aux libertés fondamentales des soumissionnaires potentiels dont elles assurent la protection juridique et indirectement au principe de libre concurrence par la suppression des obstacles privés à la libre circulation des activités économiques. Ainsi, au service d’une finalité immédiate, la transparence garantit l’accès à la commande publique et, au service d’une finalité médiate, elle protège les structures du marché de la commande publique. Le principe général de transparence donne alors naissance aux contrats relevant de la commande publique qui prennent le relais des contrats publics. Instrument d’intégration et élément structurel du marché intérieur, cette nouvelle génération des contrats matérialise l’accès à la commande publique qui constitue un secteur d’activité économique faisant partie du marché intérieur. / Transparency, through its multiple applications by the european judge, has become a general principle of european law. Its legal basis resound its purview, imperative and suppletive, its personnal et material scope, as well as its progressive extension and its restriction to the vertical relationships developed between contracting authorities and economic operators. Transparency is attached directly to potential bidders fundamental freedoms whose its provides legal protection. It is attached indirectly to the principle of free competition by the elimination of private barriers to the free movement of economic activities. Thus, in the service of an immediate finality, transparency guarantees access to public procurements and, in the service of a mediate finality, it protects the market structures of public procurement. The general principle of transparency gives then rise to contracts of public order (contrats relevant de la commande publique) which take over public contracts. Instrument of integration and structural element of the internal market, this new generation of contracts materialize access to public order (commande publique), that constitutes a sector of economic activity as part of the internal market.

MPM / OR Tambo Institute of Governance and Policy Studies / There is a problem with the involvement of women on governance within traditional communities in South Africa. Consequently, the socio-political and cultural constraints narrow the potential of women and the otherwise untapped women contribution to the growing economy. This study investigates the involvement of women in governance within traditional communities in South Africa using the Ga- Machaka Village in Molemole Local Municipality as a case in point. Using the mixed method research approach, the study indicates that women in traditional communities are looked down upon and are disadvantaged from being part of governance and public administration based on gender terms. The study indicates that traditional communities in South Africa implicate negatively on women’s independent rights such as direct and equal opportunity to job offers. This is exacerbated by the customary inclination of women as house wives. The involvement of women in governance and public administration is somehow stifled within traditional communities as discussed in this study. / NRF