About the theme: Public design policies can be explained as sets of principles established by a government intending to apply design into leveraging social, economical, industrial, and regional development. Design policy is an emerging theme in the field of design, and one that has been raising concerns from governments globally. Two aspects drive this interest: the extraordinary growth rates of the creative industries in the past decades; and the ability of Design to be a link between technology, creativity and the user, being a potential unique tool to help innovate and foster economic growth. About the research: The research was proposed responding an observed demand of governments in emerging countries to structure policies to use design to promote industrial and social development. It was structured to analyse current national and regional Design Policies within the framework of common aspects, effective practices and trends; external factors influencing their implementation; general causes of failures; assessment methods; and the influence of coexisting design definitions and trends. The focus is on Brazil, whose government is funding the research, the European Union, and the United Kingdom. In this context the research aims to generate a rationale for planning and assessment of Design Policies based on a review of current effective practices and identified future trends relevant to emerging markets. The main objective of the research is the identification and analysis of the constituent elements, driving forces, impacting factors, expected consequences, assessment methodologies and common failures of design policies. The intended goal is to respond to a demand for new knowledge, data, and tools that could contribute to reduce the current level of uncertainty regarding design policies. Methodology: To acknowledge the established objectives and goal, a comprehensive review of literature was initially carried out, including many reports and other documents from governments and from the EU. Emerging issues from the review informed a two-stage study developed in Brazil. For the first stage, in 2011, thirteen stakeholders were interviewed, from key active governmental programmes and departments. The choice of programmes and departments was validated by questions from the interview itself. The second stage, in 2012, focused on the only currently active design support programme aimed at SMEs in Brazil. During this phase, it was collected archival data and three interviews conducted. Collected data was analysed using descriptive statistic tools. The findings were then filtered using documents and archival data about European effective practices to inform the discussion and recommendations, and further used to generate a modelling framework for design policies. Contribution: The research contribution can be acknowledged in four different levels of outcomes: a comprehensive review of literature (1), combining an assortment of very significant documents and discussing their connections and specific contributions to the field; the application of an interview and archive based case study (2) about design policies in Brazil, corroborating Case Studies as a leading research tool for the area; a discussion on the impacting factors and effective practices of design policies (3); and finally the combined tools Compass Model and Create DP (4) that set together a framework intended to reduce levels of uncertainty in planning design policies.

This thesis discusses the differences and similarities between the South Korean and the Swedish view on design in relation to innovation. It sets off introducing theories and recent studies upon the subject matter and also the closely related business discipline called "design management". The subject is then studied through analyzing and comparing of governmental actions within the field. Also the result from a brief questionnaire study has been used as basic material to find out how Swedish and Korean people look upon the subject matter. The questionnaire was carried out for this thesis exclusively and the results include answers on design-innovation-related questions from 35 Swedish and 35 Korean people. The result of the study shows that even though South Korea has a policy for innovation-related design and a governmental organ working exclusively with these questions, which Sweden has not, the countries share a lot of similarities in their approaches towards the subject.

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The impact of unsustainable human actions has grown to become the most significant underlying factor of current environmental problems, which stresses the need for a large-scale transformative change in our modern ways of living. Sustainable development has emerged to become the primary framework to reduce climate impact, and sustainable neighbourhoods have become a highly sought out and desirable policy goal. However, there exists a concern that contemporary spatial planning policies and strategies appear to be inadequate to achieve the transformative lifestyle change needed due to their primary adoption of an ecological modernisation agenda. With this notion and by examining the ongoing urban development project Täby Park in Täby municipality is the aim of this thesis to investigate to what extent and how a more environmentally sustainable way of living can be met through (supporting) contemporary spatial planning and design policies, strategies, and its physical manifestation in the built environment. For this has a theoretical framework rooted in social and behavioural science been adopted to understand the relationship between sustainable lifestyles and influencing factors. The empirical material is based on conducted interviews with residents, public and private actors, a questionnaire, and a site visit.  The findings of this study show that the development of Täby Park is primarily rooted in an approach of behavioural-economics, which in large has translated to an ecological modernisation agenda. Overall, it can be concluded that a more environmentally sustainable way of living can to a certain extent be met through the applied policies and strategies in Täby Park. Although the residents perceive that factors rooted in rational reasoning hold the most significant impact on their adoption of more environmentally sustainable actions in their everyday life, do the findings illustrate that the residents generally deviate from rational reasoning of decision-making. This illustrates that the desired sustainability vision cannot be modelled after generic assumptions of behavioural-economics.

[pt] Esta tese apresenta uma sistemática participativa para propor políticas de design convergentes entre universidade e empresa, para o fomento da inovação do setor têxtil catarinense. Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa-ação de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo. Investiga empresas do setor têxtil/confecção e instituições de ensino, participantes do projeto Santa Catarina Moda Contemporânea – SCMC, com relação à inovação, utilização do design e características da relação Universidade-Empresa. Os resultados indicam que há uma demanda de inovação e design. As empresas são inovadoras, desenvolvem atividades inovativas, mas o grau de novidade é baixo. A inovação dá-se principalmente por ações da própria empresa, estando as universidades ainda à margem desse processo. Embora recente, o design de moda está presente na maioria das empresas pesquisadas, que são de médio e grande porte. A pesquisa revelou, também, que os entraves, encontrados na relação Universidade-Empresa, podem estar associados tanto à dimensão da infraestrutura destas, quanto à dimensão psicossociológica e organizacional do próprio relacionamento. Estes dados foram trabalhados em um fórum, com a participação dos atores envolvidos e profissionais da moda. Neste evento, foram identificados, entre outros, os principais atributos de valor da cadeia têxtil/confecção de moda catarinense que devem ser explorados na política de design têxtil: ações cooperativas que exercitam a identidade local; fortalecimento da relação universidade/empresa/governo; criação de laboratórios experimentais; promoção do design local e gestão do conhecimento. O conjunto de elementos da pesquisa-ação possibilitou a formulação de indicadores teóricos, estrutural, estratégico e instrumental que podem nortear a política de design para a inovação. Conclui-se que a sistemática proposta, de definição participativa e convergente entre empresas e universidades, favorece o desenvolvimento de políticas de design para a inovação mais direcionadas às necessidades e potencialidades de uma região específica. Possibilita às pessoas serem ativas nas decisões que lhes dizem respeito, o que as leva a serem mais propensas a adotar novas formas e condutas à inovação. / [en] This thesis presents a systematic participatory to propose convergent design policies between university and company to foster innovation in the textile industry of Santa Catarina. It is characterized as an action research of quantitative and qualitative feature. It looks into companies in the textile / clothing department and educational institutions, the project participants of Santa Catarina Contemporary Fashion - SCMC, concerning innovation, use of design and features of the relationship university -company. The results indicate that there is a requirement for innovation and design. The companies are innovative in that they develop innovation activities, but novelty is low. Innovation takes place mainly by actions of the company itself, while the universities are still outside of this process. Although recent, fashion design is present in most of the surveyed companies, which are medium and large sized. The survey also revealed that the drawbacks found in the relationship university - company, may be associated with both the proportion of their infrastructure and the organizational plus psychosocial extent of their own relationship. These data were worked in a forum with the participation of actors and professionals involved in fashion. In this event, the key attributes of value of the textile / fashion chain business in Santa Catarina have been identified, among others, which must be explored in the policy of textile design: cooperative actions that exercise the local identity, strengthening of the relationship university / company / government; creation of experimental laboratories; promoting of the local design and the knowledge management. The set of elements of action research enabled the formulation of theoretical, structural, strategic and instrumental indicators that can guide policy design for innovation. We conclude that the systematic proposal, participatory and convergent setting between companies and universities, encourages the development of policies for design innovation directed towards the needs and potentials of a specific region .It enables people to be active in decisions that concern them, which leads them to be more likely to adopt new kinds of behavior and ways to innovation.

The growth in the interdependence and complexity of socio-technical systems requires the development of tools and techniques to aid in the formulation of better policies. The efforts of this research focus towards developing methodologies and support tools for better policy design and formulation. In this thesis, a new framework and a systematic approach for the formulation of policies are proposed. Focus has been directed to the interactions between policy measures, inspired by concepts in process design and network analysis. Furthermore, we have developed an agent-based approach to create a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages and test the effects of changes and uncertainties while formulating policies. By developing systematic approaches for the formulation and analysis of policies it is possible to analyse different configuration alternatives in greater depth, examine more alternatives and decrease the time required for the overall analysis. Moreover, it is possible to provide real-time assessment and feedback to the domain experts on the effect of changes in the configurations. These efforts ultimately help in forming more effective policies with synergistic and reinforcing attributes while avoiding internal contradictions. This research constitutes the first step towards the development of a general family of computer-based systems that support the design of policies. The results from this research also demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches in addressing the complexity inherent in the formulation of policies. As a proof of concept, the proposed framework and methodologies have been applied to the formulation of policies that deal with transportation issues and emission reduction, but can be extended to other domains.

In classical “triple bottom line” sustainability reporting, there have not been any clear guidelines on how companies should report on their environmental footprint. Consequently, the transparency in the environmental reporting has been low, which has resulted in greenwashing. To create reliable reporting and increase the proportion of green loans and green investments, the EU introduced the classification system EU Taxonomy in 2021. The new framework has stricter requirements on companies as they are now obligated to report on specific guidelines. These guidelines will also allow stakeholders to determine how sustainable a company is. Since the EU Taxonomy was recently launched, there has been a knowledge gap in how companies experience the framework. Also, what measures should be considered in the design of the EU Taxonomy for the implementation to be as successful as possible, based on the premise that companies should make their business model as sustainable as possible. This semi-structured interview study examines how Swedish companies experience the EU Taxonomy. The researchers interviewed eight Swedish stakeholders with great insights into the area, from the manufacturing industry (1), the Real Estate Industry (2), the Swedish Corporate Business Organizations (1), the Real Estate Industry Organizations (2), and Auditing Firms (2). The researchers could conclude that being classified as sustainable in the EU Taxonomy does not necessarily mean a company is sustainable from a scientific point of view. Nevertheless, it can be an answer to political interests. The interviewees also felt it was challenging to interpret and understand the framework and that there were necessary clarifications. Further, the EU will have to account for several activities from each industry so that companies can report on their total ecological footprint. Finally, changes in the delegated acts are mandatory for the EU taxonomy to be a successful policy instrument. / I klassisk “triple bottom line” rapportering har det inte funnits några tydliga riktlinjer för hur företag ska rapportera om sitt ekologiska avtryck. Som en följd av detta, har transparensen i hållbarhetsredovisningen varit låg, vilket har resulterat i greenwashing. I syfte att skapa mer tillförlitlig rapportering och öka andelen gröna lån och investeringar, infördes 2021 klassificeringssystemet EU Taxonomin. Det nya ramverket har skapat nya krav på företag då de nu är skyldiga att rapportera på specifika miljöbelastande aktiviteter. Dessa riktlinjer ska dessutom kunna utgöra hur hållbara de rapporterande bolagen är. Eftersom EU Taxonomin nyligen har lanserats, fanns det en kunskapslucka för hur företag upplever ramverket. Även vilka åtgärder som bör övervägas i utformningen av EU-taxonomin för att implementeringen ska bli så framgångsrik som möjligt, utifrån utgångspunkten att företag ska göra sin affärsmodell så hållbar som möjligt. Med detta i åtanke utvecklades denna semistrukturerade intervjustudie som ämnar att undersöka hur svenska företag ser på EU Taxonomin. Forskarna har intervjuat åtta aktörer från svenska: tillverkningsindustrin (1), fastighetsbranschen (2), näringslivet (1), medlemsorganisationer inom fastighetsbranschen (2) och revisionsbyråer (2). Det forskarna kunde konstatera är att det som klassas som hållbart i EU Taxonomin, inte nödvändigtvis ur ett teknikneutral och vetenskapligt perspektiv är hållbart, utan är ett svar på ett politiskt intresse. Aktörerna upplever dessutom att ramverket är svårt att förstå och att det därför är nödvändigt med förtydningar. Till sist kommer även EU behöva ta fler aktiviteter från de respektive branscherna i åtanke i de delegerade akterna, för att företag ska kunna redovisa för sitt totala ekologiska fotavtryck. Slutligen är ändringar i de delegerade akterna obligatoriska för att EU Taxonomin ska kunna bli ett framgångsrikt policyinstrument.