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A destination should work for a future condition of the society with the social-, economic- and ecological sustainability perspectives in mind to be considered as a sustainable destination. We do not intend to explain the impact of the social and economic aspects, but instead we will only examine how Dubai, along with the tourism industry's rapid development, works to maintain environmental sustainability in the destination. The choice of Dubai is based on the fast-growing and productive tourism developmentin the city and its concept of building, including artificial islands and tall luxurious buildings. The new projects and the concept of becoming a leading global tourism destination in the desert not only costs money, but also affect the environment in the community. In this study, we have investigated how these building projects affect the city ecologically, if there is any sustainability thinking in Dubai and how the city actively works for the environment considering the future generations. We have done this by having seven interviews with people who hold relevant qualifications in the field, and then compare the result with what the relevant theories and previous research shows. The final result was a mixture between what the selected respondents said and what previous research concluded, which shows that Dubai still has some work to do when it comes to the environment and its sustainability goal

Det som märks är att kriser sker hela tiden, där gäller för reseaktörerna att vara förberedda. Krishantering är någonting som de flesta reseaktörer har men när det kommer till marknadsföringen av en destination vid kris ligger de lågt. Däremot marknadsför de destinationer i olika kanaler vanligtvis. / What you can notice is that crisis occur all the time, here it is important that tour operators is prepared. Crisis management is something that most of them have however marketing a destination in crisis they do not make any fuss. By contrast they marketing destinations in different distributaries channels.

abstract: Destination image has been explored by studying various aspects of the process of forming a perception about an area and choosing to visit or not. This study uses a variety of theories from previous research which has focused on subsets of factors which influence the overall process to create a model to organize the perception formation and decision making progress into one continuous and interrelated progression. Online questionnaires using Likert scale statements and questions were distributed to participants through Facebook in order to measure and test the model. A total of 266 questionnaires were completed and analyzed using t test, ANOVA, regression, factor analysis, and cluster analysis. The original model from the beginning of the study transformed with the removal of some variables and the alteration of others. The factors that were shown to influence perception of the destination were tourist type and knowledge of the country. Tourists who were more likely to seek new environments and had a higher level of knowledge of the country used in the marketing video had a better perception of the destination before and after the video. Obstacles for deciding to visit the destination were found to be long distances traveling and substitution of alternative destinations. The results show that marketing videos do create a positive change in the perception of the destination, but this alone is not likely enough to influence the decision to visit the destination. Marketing agencies should consider more ways of informing consumers of the destination in addition to commercials so that overall knowledge of the area can be improved. In addition, marketing agencies should target consumers that are interested in visiting new environments by using travel magazine subscriptions, international airline agencies and hotels, and social media groups. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Community Resources and Development 2014

In academic reasoning, as well as policy rhethoric, much attention has been drawn to the low thresholds to employment and entrepreneurship in tourism. The purpose of this thesis is to go beyond the simplified images and examine the educational characteristics of the tourism workforce in a way that includes both a geographical and work task related aspect. By employing a sequential mix of methods, two perspectives on competence in tourism are presented. First, the actual presence of formal education within the workforce is mapped and discussed based on descriptive analyses of register data. Thereafter, thematic analyses of interviews are used to allow for a discussion on underlying reasoning of recruitment. The theoretical point of departure is that the workforce is a crucial input factor of the production process in labour intense service sectors such as tourism. However, the access to a suitable workforce differs between destinations. It is therefore imperative to scrutinize its characteristics in order to set relevant strategies for development, as well as education. The thesis contains four individual papers and an introductory section. The first two papers are based on register data on the Swedish national workforce in the years 2000, 2005 and 2010. The results show that the general level of formal education is not exceptionally low in tourism and that it is rather linked to geography than occupational sector. There was also confirmed to be a mismatch between tourism-specific education and work in tourism. In the second part of the thesis, focus is turned to the managerial segment within destination development. The geographical scope includes the northern region of Sweden and one case study area each in Norway and Finland. The empirical material shows that tourism-specific education was not prioritized when recruiting for destination management. The empirical findings are brought together in the concluding discussion of the thesis. It is there suggested that reasoning on the educational characteristics of the tourism workforce needs to  include the diversity of local preconditions and needs relating to geography and work tasks.

Syftet med undersökningen är att tillföra kunskap och förståelse för resenärers motiv till att återbesöka en destination upprepade gånger samt förstå hur de utvecklar lojalitet gentemot den platsen. Studien genomfördes utifrån en kvalitativ ansats. Nio respondenter deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer som berörde deras erfarenheter och känslor kring resvanor. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt har sammanställningar utformats utifrån den tidigare forskningen som grund för analys av empiriskt material. Push- och pull-faktorer presenteras inledningsvis, som därefter följs av en modell om lojalitetsutveckling. Som stöd tilllojalitetsutvecklingsmodellen presenteras en tillitsutvecklingsteori. Slutligen tillämpas lojalitetskategoriseringar som gör det möjligt att placera en respondents lojalitet i två olika kategoriseringar. En analys av det insamlade materialet påvisade att beroende på vilket intresse en individ har kan resemotivationen skilja sig från person till person. Mat och klimat var båda motiverande faktorer för respondenterna att åka tillbaka. Majoriteten av respondenterna ansåg även att kunskapen om destinationen motiverade dem till att fortsätta åka tillbaka då denna gav en känsla av att vara hemma på semestern samt att de kan då koppla av på en gång. Studiens resultat visade även att lokalbefolkningen hade stor påverkan när det gäller respondenternasutveckling av lojalitet gentemot destinationen.

The main purpose of this study was to develop a destination branding and positioning framework, with particular reference to the Zimbabwean experience. The theoretical underpinnings and concepts used in this study were destination marketing, destination branding and positioning, image and destination competitiveness. To provide a strategic context to the study, branding as a key element of destination marketing was clarified; the strategic role of branding /re-branding in the positioning/repositioning of a destination was outlined; international trends and best practices in branding and positioning were evaluated; and the destination marketing situation in Zimbabwe, with particular emphasis on the status of branding and positioning, was determined. To determine key stakeholder attitudes, experiences and expectations regarding the branding and positioning of Zimbabwe as a tourism destination, a stakeholder survey was carried out during 2006 and 2007. Stakeholder groups included in the survey were key industry representative bodies, national tourism authorities, publicity associations, tour operators and airlines flying into Zimbabwe. The study concludes that the concept of branding has varied interpretations in destination marketing. While branding can be used as a strategic tool to reposition a destination, the study notes that there are a number of non-tourism factors which can erode brand equity rendering a destination brand obsolete. It observes that unless and until these non-tourism factors are addressed the destination brand may not perform optimally. Any destination that needs to re-brand has to deal with the image issues before any meaningful re-branding activities can take place. The consistent use of well focused promotional and public diplomacy strategies as well as proactive crisis management should be used to pull the destination from its negative equity. A key outcome of the study is a strategic framework for branding and positioning a destination in crisis. It sets out guidelines for the stakeholders on how to implement the branding process. In addition, the framework adds value to destination marketing since it can be applied as a frame of reference in understanding the complexities of destination branding. While the framework has been developed in a Zimbabwean context, it can be applied to other destinations which have a need to brand or re-brand. An integrated marketing and communication strategy is recommended since branding alone may not yield positive results under a crisis situation. At the same time the destination needs to address political and economic issues, design strategies that can bring together all the stakeholders, while encouraging alliances and joint ventures among tourism operators. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge regarding destination marketing, particularly destination branding. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Tourism Management / unrestricted

The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the way of destination management support in conditions of Slovakia, mainly in connection with Act No. 91/2010 Z. z. of the tourism support and its subsequent amendments. First part of the thesis is focused on the destination characterization, the topic of tourism destination management and the tourism organization in the particular destination. Theoretical part also deals with a topic of development and organization of tourism in Slovakia. Practical part introduces the Act No. 91/2010 Z. z. of the tourism support and its subsequent amendments in detail. Subsequently, the consequences of adopting the act in the particular regions are analyzed. The final part of the thesis consists of analysis and evaluation of the questionnaire survey, whose aim was to determine the influence of the adopting the act on the development and organization of tourism in particular regions.

The aim of the thesis is to project possibilities of expansion of winter season resort to a summer season resort. The work aims at mountain ski resort and the development of its further activities for summer season. The particular example on which is this development adopted is mountain ski resort Donovaly. For particular projects was used theoretical knowledge of marketing and its tools. Theoretical analysis follows that the best way how to develop present-day's destinations is complex management. There are created destination management organizations for this purpose. It was used resort's analysis focused on basic requirements of tourism to process the project. Further development of the resort is based on these basic requirements of tourism. The analysis includes also customers' questionnaire survey. Theoretical knowledge and analysis are translated into practical projects of development possibilities of ski resort Donovaly to become also a summer resort of tourism.

Work presents the theoretical aspects of destination management and marketing. It defines the destination management and sustainable development of tourism. The work is applied to destination management and destination marketing in region Sokolovsko. For this destiaci is proposed marketing strategy and marketing mix.