No description available.

<p>The aim of this thesis is to discuss and analyse the influenceof data uncertainties with regard to the reliability of materialflow analysis (MFA) studies. MFA, as a part of environmentalsystems analysis, is a method belonging to the research field ofindustrial ecology and more specifically industrial metabolism.As such, the method strives at giving a holistic view of thecomplex world we live in, in order to reduce negativeenvironmental impact. Among other things, MFA studies have beenproposed to be useful for priority setting and following up inmunicipalities.</p><p>Serving as a starting point is a local case study of flows ofnitrogen in a Swedish municipality, Västerås. The casestudy has been performed using the ComBoxmodel. The years studiedare 1995 and 1998. The main sectors in society emitting nitrogento water were identified as the agricultural and householdsectors. The dominating sectors emitting nitrogen to air wereidentified as the agricultural, transport and infrastructuresectors.</p><p>As a basis for discussing data uncertainties qualitatively andquantitatively a literature survey was performed. 50 articles andbooks were identified as in some way or another dealing with datauncertainties in MFA. The literature survey showed that theuncertainties for results from a MFA study might vary between±30 % and a factor 10 depending on what kind of parameter isinvestigated. Only one method was found that dealt with datauncertainties in MFA in a complete way; a model developed byHedbrant and Sörme (HS model).</p><p>When applying the HS model to the case study of nitrogen flowsin Västerås, it was found that when uncertaintyintervals were calculated the possible conclusions changed. Ofthe two pair of flows compared in relation to priority setting,none of the earlier conclusions remained. Of the three flowsanalysed in relation to following up, only the flow from onepoint source supported the same conclusion when uncertainty wasconsidered.</p><p>In all, it is concluded that data uncertainties in MFAanalysis are an important aspect and that further research isneeded in order to improve input data quality estimations andframeworks for determining, calculating and presenting data, datauncertainties and results from MFA studies. However, theunderlying reality remains, e.g. that management of materialflows are important for understanding and reducing the negativeenvironmental impact. Thus, MFA is one useful tool in thiswork.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>data uncertainties, sensitivity analysis,Material flow analysis, MFA, method to determine datauncertainties, case study, ComBox model, nitrogenflows.</p>

Šio darbo tikslas yra išnagrinėti vartotojų elgseną renkantis maitinimo įmonę Skuodo rajone. Magistro darbe yra išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių teoriniai bei praktiniai vartotojų elgsenos tyrimai, pateikti vartotojų elgsenos modeliai, vartotojų klasifikacija, išsamiai atskleisti vartotojų elgseną lemiantys veiksniai, taip pat aptarti maitinimo paslaugų rinkos ypatumai. Atlikta Skuodo rajono maitinimo įmonių vartotojų ir savininkų apklausa bei analizė, kuria siekta ištirti Skuodo rajono teikiamų maitinimo paslaugų būdingus bruožus, identifikuojant vartotojų elgseną lemiančius veiksnius. Patvirtinamos autorės suformuluotos mokslinio tyrimo hipotezės, kad renkantis maitinimo įmonę Skuodo rajone vartotojus labiausiai įtakoja išoriniai veiksniai, taip pat patvirtinama, jog maitinimo įmonių personalo profesinės žinios bei asmeninės savybės turi didelę reikšmę vartotojų elgsenai. Hipotezė, kad maitinimo įmonių paslaugomis dažniausiai naudojasi dirbantys vidutinio ar jaunesnio amžiaus asmenys, neturintys išlaikomų vaikų, yra patvirtinama tik iš dalies. / The purpose of this work is to analyse consumer behaviour in choosing catering services within the Skuodas district. This master‘s final paper analyses and systemises theoretical and practical research of consumer behaviour by various Lithuanian and foreign authors. It also presents methods of consumer behaviour, exhaustive factors which determine consumer behaviour and discuss features within the catering market. Catering services customers and owners were questioned and analysed within the Skoudas district, with the aim of investigating the catering industries identifying features which determine consumer behaviour. Author‘s formulated hypothesis, which proved that: external features have the biggest influence in deciding which catering establishment to use within the Skuodas district; company personnel‘s professional knowledge and also personal features have a huge meaning for consumer behaviour. Hypothesis, that was proved partly was: most catering companies use middle aged or young adolescent workers, who do not have dependent children.

Valuation of immovable property is made for different purposes. This paper will analyze the differences between these methods of valuation for the case of the valuation of multifunctional building before and after the proposed construction works.

The aim of this thesis is to discuss and analyse the influenceof data uncertainties with regard to the reliability of materialflow analysis (MFA) studies. MFA, as a part of environmentalsystems analysis, is a method belonging to the research field ofindustrial ecology and more specifically industrial metabolism.As such, the method strives at giving a holistic view of thecomplex world we live in, in order to reduce negativeenvironmental impact. Among other things, MFA studies have beenproposed to be useful for priority setting and following up inmunicipalities. Serving as a starting point is a local case study of flows ofnitrogen in a Swedish municipality, Västerås. The casestudy has been performed using the ComBoxmodel. The years studiedare 1995 and 1998. The main sectors in society emitting nitrogento water were identified as the agricultural and householdsectors. The dominating sectors emitting nitrogen to air wereidentified as the agricultural, transport and infrastructuresectors. As a basis for discussing data uncertainties qualitatively andquantitatively a literature survey was performed. 50 articles andbooks were identified as in some way or another dealing with datauncertainties in MFA. The literature survey showed that theuncertainties for results from a MFA study might vary between±30 % and a factor 10 depending on what kind of parameter isinvestigated. Only one method was found that dealt with datauncertainties in MFA in a complete way; a model developed byHedbrant and Sörme (HS model). When applying the HS model to the case study of nitrogen flowsin Västerås, it was found that when uncertaintyintervals were calculated the possible conclusions changed. Ofthe two pair of flows compared in relation to priority setting,none of the earlier conclusions remained. Of the three flowsanalysed in relation to following up, only the flow from onepoint source supported the same conclusion when uncertainty wasconsidered. In all, it is concluded that data uncertainties in MFAanalysis are an important aspect and that further research isneeded in order to improve input data quality estimations andframeworks for determining, calculating and presenting data, datauncertainties and results from MFA studies. However, theunderlying reality remains, e.g. that management of materialflows are important for understanding and reducing the negativeenvironmental impact. Thus, MFA is one useful tool in thiswork. <b>Keywords:</b>data uncertainties, sensitivity analysis,Material flow analysis, MFA, method to determine datauncertainties, case study, ComBox model, nitrogenflows. / NR 20140805

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第21212号 / 情博第665号 / 新制||情||115(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科先端数理科学専攻 / (主査)教授 磯 祐介, 教授 木上 淳, 助手 藤原 宏志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-07-06T18:06:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Deivid Sebastiany.pdf: 8514066 bytes, checksum: 55c6d98922fc3fa2ae41d3d5bbccca78 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T18:06:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Deivid Sebastiany.pdf: 8514066 bytes, checksum: 55c6d98922fc3fa2ae41d3d5bbccca78 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PRONEM - Programa de Apoio a Núcleos Emergentes / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / Ao longo dos últimos anos, o setor da construção civil tem incorporado em seus insumos boa parte dos resíduos de indústrias metalúrgicas e energéticas e, mais recentemente, vem buscando formas de incorporação de outros resíduos provenientes do setor primário (cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e de casca de arroz), do setor cerâmico (cerâmica branca, cerâmica vermelha) e da própria indústria da construção (resíduos de construção e demolição). Partindo deste contexto e, tendo em vista o pólo cerâmico existente no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, este trabalho buscou analisar o potencial pozolânico de argilas vermelhas calcinadas em temperaturas distintas (700°C, 900°C e 1000°C), comparando-as com outro tipo de argila calcinada utilizada no trabalho como referência comercial, o metacaulim. O trabalho foi desenvolvido reproduzindo-se os métodos propostos pela NBR 5751/2012 e NBR 5752/2012, bem como os métodos modificados destas normas (mantendo-se a relação água/aglomerante constante), além do Método de Luxàn. O consumo de Ca(OH)2 foi determinado por termogravimetria (TG) e pela derivada da TG (DTG). O material pozolânico oriundo do processamento destas cerâmicas foi caracterizado quanto à composição química, por Fluorescência de Raios-X e EDS, quanto à mineralogia, através de difrações de Raios-X, e quanto à composição física, através da superfície específica (BET), granulometria a laser e perda ao fogo. Os resultados obtidos através dos métodos utilizados indicaram maior atividade pozolânica das amostras de metacaulim. Dentre as cerâmicas vermelhas, destacam-se as argilas calcinadas a 700°C que apresentaram resultados satisfatórios de pozolanicidade. No que tange à avaliação entre os métodos de determinação da atividade pozolânica utilizados, percebe-se que há uma boa correlação entre as análises termogravimétricas, método de Luxàn e método modificado da NBR 5752/2012, porém, não há correlação entre estes e os métodos propostos pelas normas NBR 5751/2012 e 5752/2012. / Along the last few decades the civil construction industry has been using many residues from the metallurgical and energetic industries. More recently, it has been looking for different ways of incorporating other residues originated by the primary sector (as ashes from sugar cane and rice husk), the ceramic sector (white and red ceramic) and the construction industry itself (construction and demolition wastes). Considering the strong ceramics sector in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, this project aims to investigate the pozzolanic potential of red clays after calcination in different temperatures (700ºC, 900ºC and 1000ºC), comparing them to a commercial reference, the metakaolin. There were used two methods, proposed by NBR 5751/2012 and NBR 5752/2012, two others modified methods based on these testing procedures, but adopting a fixed water/cement ratio and the Luxàn method. The Ca(OH)2 consumption was determined by thermogravimetry (TG) and by the derivate of TG (DTG). The characteristics of the ceramic pozzolans were determined after crushing, using X-ray fluorescence, EDS, X-ray diffraction, measurement of specific surface area (BET), laser granulometry particle size analyse and loss due to fire. The metakaolin samples had the higher pozzolanic activity. The ceramics calcinated at 700ºC had the best results on the ceramics samples. There are a high co-relation between the thermogravimetric analysis, the Luxàn method and the NBR5752/2012 modified method, but there is no correlation with the methods proposed by NBR 5751/2012 and NBR 5752/2012.

No description available.

The general aim of the thesis is a detailed examination of battery charging condition possibility of lead-acid accumulator with the help of pulse current method. The methodology consists of experimental cell testing by pulse battery charging and pulse battery discharging during a progressive change of charging and discharging current as well as charging and discharging time change. The testing procedure proceeds at a various battery charging condition. Principal aim of this work is to compare final voltage dependencies and to establish the usability of pulse current method to determine battery charging condition.

Organic materials such as polymer films surround us in many everyday applications ranging from food packaging and smartphone displays to medical purposes. One of their main usage scenarios is the thin, lightweight, and easy processable encapsulation to protect a particular target from molecular oxygen. Hence, the oxygen diffusion properties in these polymer films represent a key parameter. This work demonstrates a new method to determine and model the oxygen distribution in thin polymer films using light. It provides a significant advantage over many common methods since no vacuum machinery is needed. The working principle is based on the phosphorescent emission of an organic dopant which is quenched in the vicinity of molecular oxygen at room temperature. The model system used in this study consists of a polystyrene layer, which is doped with PtOEP (Platin(II)-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrin) and covered with a barrier layer of Ex-cevalTM. The oxygen concentration in the doped polystyrene film can be locally depleted under excitation with 365 nm UV light. To determine the oxygen diffusion coefficient, a concentration gradient is created and the time evolution of the luminescent pattern is recorded with a CCD-camera. The recorded data is reconverted to oxygen concentration equivalents and the impact of photoconsumption during the recording process is eliminated, before fitting it with a diffusion simulation. The result reveals a significant dependency on the processing conditions of the film, i.e. D = (1.49 ± 0.08) × 10−7 cm^2/s for unannealed and D = (0.71 ± 0.09) × 10−7 cm^2/s for an-nealed samples. The values lie well in the range reported in the literature.:Problem Goal Conception The physics behind the phenomenon Results More