The history of the Afrikadeutschen of Kroondal that began with the formation of the Hermannsburg Mission Society in 1849 and that grew to encompass a century of German nationalism over the course of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, provides an important dimension to the greater story of German immigration and settlement in South Africa. It is a narrative in which the position of the community’s growing association with their adopted landscape or Heimat serves to create the inevitable counterpoint to their ideological identity as Germans and thereby too, its reconciliation in the name Afrikadeutsche (African-Germans). Situated in the North-West province of South Africa, the community of Kroondal displays a unique collection of archival and literary source material that along with the this dissertation’s use of the specifically German descriptors Heimat and Deutschtum (Germanness) then serve as the basis for its investigation into its African-German identity. / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

This is a thesis about Lutherans and their schools in Australia. There have been Lutheran schools in Australia for more than 170 years. The first three schools were established in 1839. Currently there are eighty-three Lutheran schools with total enrolments of approximately 37 000 students. In the intervening period there have been two great waves of development. The first began with the first schools in 1839 and reached its climax at the end of the nineteenth century before the advent of state schools and the anti-German sentiment of the Great War caused a period of decline. The second wave, fuelled by government funding and some disillusionment with state schools, gathered its momentum in the last half of the twentieth century and is still in full flow. This thesis deals with the first wave, the eighty years of Lutheran schooling history from 1839 to 1919. It is an exercise in educational historiography and takes a biographical approach. According to its title it focuses on the lives and roles of the male leaders who dominated the church’s educational endeavours during this period. The subjects of the eight biographies are chosen to be representative of regions, eras and issues. They are: August Kavel, the founder of Australian Lutheranism and its schooling system; Daniel Fritzsche, the first Lutheran tertiary educator; Wilhelm Boehm, founder of the Hahndorf Academy in South Australia; Rudolph Ey, a Lutheran pastor and teacher in South Australia; Theodor Langebecker, a Queensland Lutheran pastor and educator; Carl Krichauff, a Lutheran teacher and journalist; Wilhelm Peters, the founder of Concordia College in Adelaide; Georg Leidig, the founder of Immanuel College in Adelaide. The main themes pertaining to Lutheran schooling which the thesis explores are: relations between church and state; relations between schools and the church; schools adjusting to mainstream educational realities; preservation of distinctive traits; regional contrasts; teacher formation and educational standards; American influences; German roots. As a thesis this history attempts to establish, by means of a number of biographies and the exploration of various themes, the answer to a basic question: what were the main events, issues, personalities and forces which impinged on Lutheran schooling in its first eighty years in Australia and how did they contribute to its unique character?

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T12:06:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 13 / Nenhuma / A presente tese tem como tema central o estudo das representações e discussões acerca de germanidade, de escola e de professor veiculadas no jornal Allgemeine Lehrerzeitung für Rio Grande do Sul, Vereinsblatt des Deutschen Evangelischen Lehrervereins in Rio Grande do Sul [Jornal Geral do Professor no Rio Grande do Sul; Órgão da Associação de Professores Evangélicos Alemães] editado e publicado pela Deutscher Evangelischer Lehrerverein von Rio Grande do Sul [Associação de Professores Alemães Evangélicos no Rio Grande do Sul], entre 1902 e 1938. Abordamos este tema com um referencial apoiado na história cultural. Os redatores e articulistas, na sua maioria professores alemães alocados em escolas do meio urbano, constroem representações em torno da germanidade, da escola e do professor, gerenciando a identidade, instituindo modelos de conduta e indicando leituras para o professor atuante em escolas “alemãs-brasileiras” evangélicas, principal público leitor do jornal. Apresentamos, também, as representações de es / This thesis studies the views and discussions about Germanism (Deutschtum), school and teacher conveyed in the journal Allgemeine Lehrerzeitung für Rio Grande do Sul, Vereinsblatt des Deutschen Evangelischen Lehrervereins in Rio Grande do Sul [General Teacher’s Journal for Rio Grande do Sul, a publication of the Association of German Evangelical Teachers in Rio Grande do Sul], edited and published by the Deutscher Evangelischer Lehrerverein von Rio Grande do Sul [Association of German Evangelical Teachers from Rio Grande do Sul] between the years 1902 and 1938. We approached this topic with a frame of reference based on cultural history. The journal’s editors and contributors, most of whom were German teachers allocated to urban schools, address topics such as Deutschtum, school and teacher, deal with issues like identity, set models of conduct and recommend reading material for teachers working in “German-Brazilian” evangelical schools, the jounal’s primary readership. We also present the views exposed on