No / Incorporated into the discourse of academics, policymakers, and grassroots activists, of multilateral development agencies and local NGOs alike, "civil society" has become a topic of widespread discussion. But is there in fact any common understanding of the term? How useful is it when applied to the South, and what difference does it make to bring the concept into the debate on development? Howell and Pearce explore the complex relationships among civil society, the state, and market in the context of democratic development. Drawing on case studies from Africa, Asia, and Latin America, they also unravel what is meant by development agencies¿bilaterals, multilaterals, NGOs, and international financial institutions, with their diverse approaches and agendas¿when they refer to the urgent need to strengthen civil society.

Four public private partnerships have been created in Lebanon to fulfill the promises of better public value and accelerated economic development for sustainable business development. The problem is some business owners embark on public private partnership projects without following known documented strategies that ensure business sustainability. The purpose of the single case study was to explore the strategies business owners used to sustain public private partnership businesses in Lebanon. The conceptual framework included the theory of X-efficiency and the new public management model. The Northern Lebanon public private partnership was chosen for the study. All 7 business owners participated through interviews for data collection. The emergent themes from the interviews were compared and contrasted across participants' responses and were cross referenced with the academic literature and printed agency reports. Data interpretations were triangulated through member checking. The business owners identified 7 specific strategies to monitor the agency's work. The top 3 strategies were proper selection of partners, the need for a strong technical director, and hiring of professional staff. Three additional strategies noted were the articulation of a clear mission and vision, followed by the development of bylaws and the identification of international best practices. Holding monthly partners' meetings to discuss emerging needs was the last strategy identified for consistent follow up and forward movement of the businesses. The findings over time could promote social change in Lebanon by revealing how municipalities can partner with the private sector and nongovernment organizations to reduce poverty, create jobs, and ensure local economic development.

As Agências de Desenvolvimento são organizações que visam fomentar o desenvolvimento local, e esse é uma estratégia inovadora para melhorar a qualidade de vida do cidadão, de forma sustentável. O uso de indicadores é uma forma indireta de avaliar o desempenho dessas agências, usando dados já apurados por fontes fidedignas, justificando, ou não, o investimento que nelas é feito. O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar se a existência de agências de desenvolvimento afeta os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável dos municípios do estado de São Paulo. Isso se dará por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, coleta de dados secundários e análise de médias, numa pesquisa ex post facto. Espera-se que esse trabalho sirva como mais um incentivo às políticas públicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento local. / Development agencies are organizations aiming to foster local development, ant this is an innovative strategy to life quality of the citizens, in a sustainable way. To use indicators is an indirect way to evaluate this agencies performance. using data already obtained by reliable sources, legitimating, or not, the investment done into them. The goal of this research is to verify if the existence of development agencies affects São Paulo state municipalities sustainable development indicators. This will be done by means of bibliographic research, secondary data gathering and means analysis, in a post facto research. It is expected that this work suits as one more boost to public policies toward local development.

In the last thirty years, capitalist social relation on the one hand, created a world that is interconnected in the means of economic and political / on the other hand, produced differentiated and fragmented uneven spaces. In this context, social theory has interested in space and spatial differences, and inserted space into analysis of social relations for some time. In this thesis, the current issue of the construction of subnational regional space is explored through a conceptual approach in which space is included in social theory. Methodologically, a non-dualistic social analysis is considered and the notion of space is attempted to incorporate into this analysis. In this extent, David Harvey&rsquo / s historical-geographical approach, Dick Bryan&rsquo / s identification of capital fractions with different spatial forms of circuit of capital within the capital accumulation process and Jamie Gough&rsquo / s considerations of economic and political relations with scalar aspects are used. The thesis evaluated the law on the Regional Development Agencies and arguments on regional development and regional governance as the process of construction of subnational regional space, and examined the struggle for setting up of Regional Development Agencies within Turkish state. In this framework, thesis came to the conclusion that the changes in the scale of social relations is associated with changes in power relations among social agents, developed through class struggle, and articulated by political projects

259 p. / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2012-12-18T17:11:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11.pdf: 1562553 bytes, checksum: 9b531108f21f79f2716f76059131c2d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-18T17:11:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11.pdf: 1562553 bytes, checksum: 9b531108f21f79f2716f76059131c2d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Este trabalho contribui em compreender as mudanças pelas quais a cooperação internacional não governamental para o desenvolvimento foi submetida, a partir da década de 1990, no que concerne às suas estratégias, gestão e finanças. Para tanto, optou-se por analisar as agências eclesiásticas alemãs: Serviço das Igrejas Evangélicas na Alemanha para o Desenvolvimento (EED), MISEREOR e Pão para o Mundo. Norteia a investigação a premissa de que as mudanças na cooperação internacional não governamental estão relacionadas aos ideários de desenvolvimento, marcado, a partir de 1990, pela expansão dos princípios neoliberais. Com o acirramento crescente das contradições sociais, surgiu no seio do ideário neoliberal o paradigma do desenvolvimento humano, amparado num novo consenso social, do qual o não governamental foi convidado a fazer parte compartilhando das diretrizes e agendas das organizações internacionais oficiais da cooperação para o desenvolvimento. Para estudar as mudanças nas agências eclesiásticas alemãs, esta dissertação investiga as diretrizes definidas pelos organismos multilaterais em torno do CAD/OCDE em prol do fortalecimento do consenso em volta do novo ideário de desenvolvimento e combate à pobreza, observando o lugar do nãogovernamental nesses discursos. São analisadas as políticas da União Europeia de cooperação para o desenvolvimento, verificando sua convergência com os princípios e agendas estabelecidos internacionalmente, assim como a relação com os Estados Membros no que tange a essas políticas. Finalmente, analisa-se as peculiaridades do caso alemão, revisitando as características fundamentais do Estado alemão e sua a relação com as células sociais do país. São investigadas as particularidades da relação com as agências eclesiásticas de cooperação ao desenvolvimento, a partir de documentos fornecidos pelo próprio Ministério da Cooperação Alemã (BMZ). A partir de entrevistas com coordenadores das agências, são registradas evidências de mudanças nas estratégicas, gestão e finanças, decorrentes do ideário de desenvolvimento que se consolida no pós 1990 e, principalmente, na primeira década de 2000, no seio da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. / Salvador

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-03-23T19:27:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pessina, Maria Elisa Huber.pdf: 1562553 bytes, checksum: 9b531108f21f79f2716f76059131c2d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-03-23T21:45:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Pessina, Maria Elisa Huber.pdf: 1562553 bytes, checksum: 9b531108f21f79f2716f76059131c2d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T21:45:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pessina, Maria Elisa Huber.pdf: 1562553 bytes, checksum: 9b531108f21f79f2716f76059131c2d5 (MD5) / Este trabalho contribui em compreender as mudanças pelas quais a cooperação internacional não governamental para o desenvolvimento foi submetida, a partir da década de 1990, no que concerne às suas estratégias, gestão e finanças. Para tanto, optou-se por analisar as agências eclesiásticas alemãs: Serviço das Igrejas Evangélicas na Alemanha para o Desenvolvimento (EED), MISEREOR e Pão para o Mundo. Norteia a investigação a premissa de que as mudanças na cooperação internacional não governamental estão relacionadas aos ideários de desenvolvimento, marcado, a partir de 1990, pela expansão dos princípios neoliberais. Com o acirramento crescente das contradições sociais, surgiu no seio do ideário neoliberal o paradigma do desenvolvimento humano, amparado num novo consenso social, do qual o não governamental foi convidado a fazer parte compartilhando das diretrizes e agendas das organizações internacionais oficiais da cooperação para o desenvolvimento. Para estudar as mudanças nas agências eclesiásticas alemãs, esta dissertação investiga as diretrizes definidas pelos organismos multilaterais em torno do CAD/OCDE em prol do fortalecimento do consenso em volta do novo ideário de desenvolvimento e combate à pobreza, observando o lugar do nãogovernamental nesses discursos. São analisadas as políticas da União Europeia de cooperação para o desenvolvimento, verificando sua convergência com os princípios e agendas estabelecidos internacionalmente, assim como a relação com os Estados Membros no que tange a essas políticas. Finalmente, analisa-se as peculiaridades do caso alemão, revisitando as características fundamentais do Estado alemão e sua a relação com as células sociais do país. São investigadas as particularidades da relação com as agências eclesiásticas de cooperação ao desenvolvimento, a partir de documentos fornecidos pelo próprio Ministério da Cooperação Alemã (BMZ). A partir de entrevistas com coordenadores das agências, são registradas evidências de mudanças nas estratégicas, gestão e finanças, decorrentes do ideário de desenvolvimento que se consolida no pós 1990 e, principalmente, na primeira década de 2000, no seio da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. The present study aims at assessing the changes that non-governmental international cooperation has suffered from the nineties onwards, especially with regards to strategy, management and finance. The focus was the analysis of the German ecclesiastic development agencies EED, MISEREOR and BROT FÜR DIE WELT, important players in the history of Brazilian social organizations. The premise for the investigation is the fact that changes in nongovernmental international cooperation are related to each period’s hegemonic development ideals, with that of the nineties standing out for the expansion in neoliberal principles. With the increasing intensification of social contradictions, emerged within the neoliberal ideology the paradigm of human development, supported by a new social consensus, which the nongovernmental was invited to take part, sharing guidelines and agendas of international organizations official cooperation for development. To study the changes in the German ecclesiastical agencies, this study will look into the principles defined by multilateral organs concerning CAD/OCDE aiming at strengthening the consensus on new ideals for fighting poverty, attending to the role of non-governmental entities in such speeches. European Union cooperation development policies are assessed, checking their convergence with internationally established principles and agendas, as well as the relationship between Member States and the Community with respect to such policies. Finally, it is essential to analyze the German case’s peculiarities, looking into the German State’s fundamental characteristics and its relation with the country’s social cells. The features of the relationship with German ecclesiastic development agencies is assessed through documents supplied by the German Cooperation Ministry (BMZ). Also, through interviews with such agencies’ coordinators, it is possible to verify evidence of changes in strategy, management and finance resulting from the development ideals consolidated after the nineties and mainly on year 2000’s first decade, in the core of international development cooperation.

As Agências de Desenvolvimento são organizações que visam fomentar o desenvolvimento local, e esse é uma estratégia inovadora para melhorar a qualidade de vida do cidadão, de forma sustentável. O uso de indicadores é uma forma indireta de avaliar o desempenho dessas agências, usando dados já apurados por fontes fidedignas, justificando, ou não, o investimento que nelas é feito. O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar se a existência de agências de desenvolvimento afeta os indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável dos municípios do estado de São Paulo. Isso se dará por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, coleta de dados secundários e análise de médias, numa pesquisa ex post facto. Espera-se que esse trabalho sirva como mais um incentivo às políticas públicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento local. / Development agencies are organizations aiming to foster local development, ant this is an innovative strategy to life quality of the citizens, in a sustainable way. To use indicators is an indirect way to evaluate this agencies performance. using data already obtained by reliable sources, legitimating, or not, the investment done into them. The goal of this research is to verify if the existence of development agencies affects São Paulo state municipalities sustainable development indicators. This will be done by means of bibliographic research, secondary data gathering and means analysis, in a post facto research. It is expected that this work suits as one more boost to public policies toward local development.

Girls’ education is one of the main attributes that contribute to the development of a nation and society. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how the girls’ education is discursively constructed by the development agencies promoting girls’ education. Furthermore, the thesis also aims to explore how these discourses reflect the concepts of gender equality, equity, and empowerment in the policy texts in relation to girls’ education and what similarities and/ or differences are found by the produced knowledge in relation to girls’ education by the development agencies in correspondence to the three theories: Human Capital Approach (HCA), Human Rights Approach (HRA), and Capability Approach (CA). The study’s theoretical perspectives include the three theories of education: the human capital approach, the human rights approach, and the capabilities approach. To examine how development agencies policy texts discursively construct girls’ education, an analysis informed by interpretive and qualitative approaches to critical discourse analysis is conducted. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) as the research method contributes to analyze how discursive practices or texts are produced, described, and interpreted particularly in the policy documents. The analytical framework of Carol Bacchi (2009) ‘what’s the problem represented to be’ (WPR) as an analytical framework contribute to understand; 1.how something is presented as a problem and phrased in a specific policy text; 2. provides a systematic way to critically investigate problem representations in the policy texts to see what they include, what is not included; and 3. to retain the validity of the study quite high. The questions addressed in this study are: 1. what is the problem represented; 2. what solutions are provided to this problem; 3. what effects are produced by the representation of the problem; 4. what is unaddressed/silenced in the problem representation of girls’ education? The study compares policy texts published between 2010 to 2020 sampled from some the biggest foreign aid donors such as Japan, United Nations of America, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, Sweden, Australia, Italy, Finland, and France working in areas of development assistance and support specially focused on gender and education of developing countries. The analysis suggests that the development agencies primarily views the importance of girls’ education in instrumental terms even though discourses harmonizes with the human rights and capabilities approach discourses. The discourses of the three theories are compatible with each other and the underlying message remains quite the same in all the development agencies. The human capital discourses to a large extent followed discourses on women and gender equality. The discursive constructions of girls’ and women structured around economic development and efficiency thus sustain hegemonic gender power structures and gender inequalities rather than challenging them. The current discourses of the development agencies of dominantly constructing the importance of girls’ education as economic actors should address the root causes that hinders the girls’ education and agency which otherwise the consequences of only constructing women only as economic agents and as passive subordinates will be most likely to increase gender inequalities and poverty continue to exist further rather than ending it.

O trabalho elabora a etnografia de uma relação de parceria entre três grupos populares que trabalham com crianças e adolescentes de seus bairros em Recife e Olinda o Galpão dos Meninos e Meninas de Santo Amaro, o Grupo Comunidade Assumindo suas Crianças e o Grupo Sobe e Desce de Olinda e a agência católica de desenvolvimento internacional com sede em Londres, CAFOD (Catholic Agency for Overseas Development), que os financia desde o final da década de 1980. A parceria é intitulada pelos próprios atores de Projeto Tarrafa, em homenagem à pequena rede usada por pescadores em Pernambuco. A pesquisa valeu-se de extenso trabalho de campo em cada um dos três grupos em Recife e Olinda, junto a educadores populares; no escritório da seção da América Latina na CAFOD em Londres, junto a funcionários que gerenciam os programas do Brasil; e no escritório regional da CAFOD na diocese de Westminster, no norte de Londres, junto a voluntários católicos. O deslocamento pelos canais institucionais que ligavam doadores a beneficiários revelou que a apreensão da singularidade de cada parceria transnacional depende da identificação de quais partes das organizações estão conectadas imediata e mediatamente à parceria, ou seja: a) de que atores específicos os emaranhados institucionais de longo alcance são constituídos; e b) como um ponto distante afeta, mesmo que involuntariamente, outros pontos do mesmo emaranhado institucional. A etnografia explora os efeitos que a conexão através de emaranhados institucionais opera nos seus diferentes pontos. Demonstra-se, em primeiro lugar, como emaranhados institucionais de longo alcance se constituem concretamente através da conexão entre fragmentos de organizações; em segundo lugar, como canais institucionais alimentam reciprocamente as composições de mundo dos atores neles envolvidos; e em terceiro lugar, como são tais composições enleadas que permitem que a relação se sustente. A Tarrafa mantém-se quando a luta dos educadores populares pelos meninos do seu bairro torna-se parte da estratégia dos funcionários de desenvolvimento para a redução da pobreza e violência no continente, e da promessa do Reino de Deus na terra para os católicos doadores. / This work offers an ethnographic account of a long-term partnership between London-based Catholic Agency for Overseas Development (CAFOD) and three grassroots organizations, one in Recife and two in its neighbouring town Olinda. The three groups Galpão dos Meninos e Meninas de Santo Amaro, Grupo Comunidade Assumindo suas Crianças and Grupo Sobe e Desce de Olinda have been working with young people in their own neighbourhoods since the late 1980s when the numbers of street children in poor areas of the Greater Recife rose significantly. CAFOD has funded them since the early stages of their work through its connection with a parish priest, as was the case of many partnerships facilitated by priests supporting social movements in Brazil in the 1980s and 1990s. In the early 2000s the partnership underwent changes as a consequence of CAFODs adoption of a programmatic approach, an attempt to push its international work into becoming more result-oriented. Funding was directed to wider programmes instead of individual projects and there were more demands on partners for a higher standard in programme design, implementation and accountability. As part of the process, CAFODs Brazil programme officer encouraged the groups to work more closely in a network which they dubbed Tarrafa, in a poetic reference to a small fishing net used by local fishermen. This research is based on extensive fieldwork, first, among educators and coordinators in each of the groups in Recife and Olinda; second, among the Brazil team staff at CAFODs head office in Brixton, London; and third, among Catholic volunteers in one of CAFODs regional offices, CAFOD Westminster. Following institutional paths that connect beneficiaries to donors proved to be, rather than a movement within a development chain, one through what could be described as institutional entanglements. An ethnographic approach reveals how partnerships are sealed and kept between interconnected teams and departments across different organizations, which may hold closer bonds than they would with other teams in their own organizations. Every development partnership entails institutional entanglements of different shapes and forms, depending on the specific cross-organizational links involved. Thus in order to comprehend a development partnership in its singularity, one is faced with the task of identifying: a) what teams across organizations are connected; and b) how different nodes in these institutional entanglements, often beyond the view of the actors immediately involved in the partnership, affect one another. The entanglements of the Tarrafa network are of two kinds. One is the concrete institutional entanglements which it originates. These contribute to another sort of entangling, that of the symbolic realm of actors connected by these relationships. The Tarrafa network is maintained when the fight of grassroots educators for the children in their neighbourhoods becomes part of the strategy of development experts for the reduction of poverty in Latin America, and part of the promise of Gods Kingdom on Earth for Catholic donors in England and Wales.

O trabalho elabora a etnografia de uma relação de parceria entre três grupos populares que trabalham com crianças e adolescentes de seus bairros em Recife e Olinda o Galpão dos Meninos e Meninas de Santo Amaro, o Grupo Comunidade Assumindo suas Crianças e o Grupo Sobe e Desce de Olinda e a agência católica de desenvolvimento internacional com sede em Londres, CAFOD (Catholic Agency for Overseas Development), que os financia desde o final da década de 1980. A parceria é intitulada pelos próprios atores de Projeto Tarrafa, em homenagem à pequena rede usada por pescadores em Pernambuco. A pesquisa valeu-se de extenso trabalho de campo em cada um dos três grupos em Recife e Olinda, junto a educadores populares; no escritório da seção da América Latina na CAFOD em Londres, junto a funcionários que gerenciam os programas do Brasil; e no escritório regional da CAFOD na diocese de Westminster, no norte de Londres, junto a voluntários católicos. O deslocamento pelos canais institucionais que ligavam doadores a beneficiários revelou que a apreensão da singularidade de cada parceria transnacional depende da identificação de quais partes das organizações estão conectadas imediata e mediatamente à parceria, ou seja: a) de que atores específicos os emaranhados institucionais de longo alcance são constituídos; e b) como um ponto distante afeta, mesmo que involuntariamente, outros pontos do mesmo emaranhado institucional. A etnografia explora os efeitos que a conexão através de emaranhados institucionais opera nos seus diferentes pontos. Demonstra-se, em primeiro lugar, como emaranhados institucionais de longo alcance se constituem concretamente através da conexão entre fragmentos de organizações; em segundo lugar, como canais institucionais alimentam reciprocamente as composições de mundo dos atores neles envolvidos; e em terceiro lugar, como são tais composições enleadas que permitem que a relação se sustente. A Tarrafa mantém-se quando a luta dos educadores populares pelos meninos do seu bairro torna-se parte da estratégia dos funcionários de desenvolvimento para a redução da pobreza e violência no continente, e da promessa do Reino de Deus na terra para os católicos doadores. / This work offers an ethnographic account of a long-term partnership between London-based Catholic Agency for Overseas Development (CAFOD) and three grassroots organizations, one in Recife and two in its neighbouring town Olinda. The three groups Galpão dos Meninos e Meninas de Santo Amaro, Grupo Comunidade Assumindo suas Crianças and Grupo Sobe e Desce de Olinda have been working with young people in their own neighbourhoods since the late 1980s when the numbers of street children in poor areas of the Greater Recife rose significantly. CAFOD has funded them since the early stages of their work through its connection with a parish priest, as was the case of many partnerships facilitated by priests supporting social movements in Brazil in the 1980s and 1990s. In the early 2000s the partnership underwent changes as a consequence of CAFODs adoption of a programmatic approach, an attempt to push its international work into becoming more result-oriented. Funding was directed to wider programmes instead of individual projects and there were more demands on partners for a higher standard in programme design, implementation and accountability. As part of the process, CAFODs Brazil programme officer encouraged the groups to work more closely in a network which they dubbed Tarrafa, in a poetic reference to a small fishing net used by local fishermen. This research is based on extensive fieldwork, first, among educators and coordinators in each of the groups in Recife and Olinda; second, among the Brazil team staff at CAFODs head office in Brixton, London; and third, among Catholic volunteers in one of CAFODs regional offices, CAFOD Westminster. Following institutional paths that connect beneficiaries to donors proved to be, rather than a movement within a development chain, one through what could be described as institutional entanglements. An ethnographic approach reveals how partnerships are sealed and kept between interconnected teams and departments across different organizations, which may hold closer bonds than they would with other teams in their own organizations. Every development partnership entails institutional entanglements of different shapes and forms, depending on the specific cross-organizational links involved. Thus in order to comprehend a development partnership in its singularity, one is faced with the task of identifying: a) what teams across organizations are connected; and b) how different nodes in these institutional entanglements, often beyond the view of the actors immediately involved in the partnership, affect one another. The entanglements of the Tarrafa network are of two kinds. One is the concrete institutional entanglements which it originates. These contribute to another sort of entangling, that of the symbolic realm of actors connected by these relationships. The Tarrafa network is maintained when the fight of grassroots educators for the children in their neighbourhoods becomes part of the strategy of development experts for the reduction of poverty in Latin America, and part of the promise of Gods Kingdom on Earth for Catholic donors in England and Wales.