Thesis (M.Inst.Agric.(Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-244).

This thesis focused on the use of the Rural Development Programme, Axis III the development of rural areas in the South Bohemian region and includes a comparison of the situation in the South Bohemian Region with the national development in this area. The main task o this thesis was to analyze the specific conditions of diverzification in the South Bohemian Region and their evaluatio based on projects financed by the Rural Development Programe Czech Republic

This thesis is focused on the possibilities how to receive a grant for renovation of agricultural enterprise from Rural development programme. The aim of this thesis was to describe and evaluate grant aided project and to point out problematic areas which could threaten grant receiving. Structure of this work is to provide not only generalized information but especially concrete information for grant receiving from Rural development programme.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury,1994. Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean,1994. / A thesis submitted to the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, and The Faculty of Visual and Performing Arts, University of Western Sydney Nepean, in part fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliography - leaves 310 - 328 and appendices.

Le projet constitue une modalité centrale d’administration de l’Aide publique au développement (APD). Moyen d’injecter des fonds selon des objectifs préétablis dans des secteurs donnés de l’économie, les projets ont suscité une littérature abondante dédiée à la rationalisation de ce format gestionnaire afin d’en assurer une plus grande maitrise. C’est également par projet que le secteur de l’APD intègre les enjeux de biodiversité dans ses activités de développement. Or la généalogie de cette question environnementale globale nous montre qu’elle déborde les pratiques standards de la conduite de projet, qu’elle se construit autant au niveau global qu’au niveau local, et que les méthodes d’élaboration ex ante et d’évaluation ex post brident la compréhension de ce qui se construit in itinere, dans le temps du projet et de son déroulé. En décalant la focale classique d’analyse de la gestion de projet nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’une posture de « recherche embarquée » nous permet d’expérimenter et de restituer au plus près l’activité stratégique de construction des cadres émergents de l’action environnementale. Nous outillons analytiquement cette posture à partir des travaux foucaldiens en sciences de gestion sur la conception de l’action collective et en aménageant le cadre d’Analyse stratégique de la gestion environnementale (ASGE). Nous faisons du couple régime-dispositif l’analyseur central de cette activité qui articule une intention générale - le régime de biodiversité - et sa conception dans un projet entendu comme un dispositif (i.e. un ensemble hétérogène d’acteurs, d’institutions, d’outils et de savoirs). Le « pôle réflexif » devient alors le lieu d’émergence de la stratégie environnementale du dispositif à partir de l’exercice d’une « réflexivité engagée ». Le projet qui sert de base empirique à cette réflexion, financé par le Fonds français pour l’environnement mondial (FFEM) été conçu dans une démarche originale entre une Agence de développement rural albanaise (MADA) et une organisation intergouvernementale méditerranéenne (CIHEAM-IAMM) ayant accepté « d’embarquer » une fonction recherche dans un processus concret de création de signes de qualité et d’origine (SIQO) pour des productions locales issues des systèmes pastoraux et agricoles et des activités de collecte de produits non-ligneux. L’hypothèse avancée par le projet « BiodivBalkans » (2012-2016) étant que ce processus peut favoriser une gestion environnementale durable des territoires agro-silvo-pastoraux albanais. La restitution de cette enquête prend la forme d’une narration-description située du projet comme dispositif à laquelle est rapportée une analyse de l’activité de mise en dispositif du régime de biodiversité endossée par le pôle réflexif, dans ses dimensions cognitive, organisationnelle et stratégique. Au-delà de l’irréductibilité de cette expérience de recherche, la portée démonstrative de ce travail s’articule en deux temps. D’un point de vue pratique, l’activité de pôle réflexif nous semble constituer une modalité additionnelle de conception et de mise en œuvre des projets de l’APD à visée environnementale. Nous dégageons des invariants de l’activité de mise en dispositif du régime de biodiversité en définissant trois catégories d’exercice d’une réflexivité engagée. Ces types d’opérations stratégiques de nature et d’échelles conceptuelles différentes permettent de concevoir les cadres de l’action environnementale au cœur des dispositifs d’action collective en univers complexe, ambigu et conflictuel.Du point de vue analytique, la théorisation de l’activité de pôle réflexif nous permet de redéfinir le statut de l’acteur environnemental tel qu’il est proposé par l’Analyse stratégique de la Gestion Environnementale (ASGE) en y intégrant une dimension cognitive, procédurale et située du changement en faveur de l’environnement dans les collectifs, rendue par les notions de « courtage de connaissances » et « d’organisation frontière ». / Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) operates mainly through projects. Envisioned as an efficient mean to inject funds according established targets in specific sectors of the economy, projects have generated a vast managerial literature aiming at optimizing the delivery of rationally planned and controlled outputs. Projects are also widely used to mainstream biodiversity in the ODA sector. However, our genealogy of biodiversity as a global environmental issue shows how this kind of wicked and ambiguous problem challenges the mechanistic rationality at the basis of all ODA project models. Building on both global and local levels, biodiversity issues cannot be properly constructed and managed through ex ante planning processes or ex post evaluations, but are arising from multi-actors interactions throughout the project life.By shifting the traditional focus of analysis of project management we assume a posture of "embedded research" allows us to experiment and describe the strategic activity of conceiving environmental action frames. We are equipping this posture building on Strategic Environmental Management Analysis (SEMA), adjusted with foucaldian analytical frameworks in management science on collective action design.Pairing the concepts of “regime” and “device”, we propose to use them as a central analytic tool to study this strategic activity that articulates a general intention – a biodiversity regime – conceived through a project understood as a device (i.e.: an heterogeneous set of actors, institutions, tools and knowledges). The figure of "reflexive pole” endorses the conception of the environmental strategy as a liminal site embedded in a specific device through the exercise of a “committed reflexivity”.The project used as an empirical basis for this intervention research, funded by the French Global Environment Facility (GEF), was designed in an original approach between Albanian Rural Development Agency (MADA) and Mediterranean intergovernmental organization (CIHEAM-IAMM) having agreed to "embark" a research function in a concrete process of building Signs of quality and origin (SIQO) for local productions from pastoral and agricultural systems and collection activities of non-timber products. The hypothesis advanced by the project "BiodivBalkans" (2012-2016) was that this process can promote a sustainable environmental management of agro-silvopastoral Albanian territories.This inquiry – led in a pragmatic perspective – is based on a situated narrative and description of the project’s developments studied as a strategic device, to which is attached the activity of the “reflexive pole”. Doing so, we emphasize the cognitive, organizational and strategic nature of conceiving the frames of environmental action in a situated device related to an evolving biodiversity regime. Beyond the irreducibility of this experience, the added value of this research work is twofold.From a practical standpoint, we propose to consider the “reflexive pole’s” activity as an additional modality to design and implement ODA environmental projects. We derive three invariants of this biodiversity mainstreaming activity (i.e.: framing, shaping, using), which designate three modes of exerting a “committed reflexivity”. Theses strategic operations of different nature and conceptual scales are to design the environmental dimension of collective action devices in complex, ambiguous and adverse universe.From an analytical standpoint then, theorizing the “reflexive pole’s” strategic activity allows us to redefine the status of the environmental actor as proposed by the Strategic Environmental Management Analysis (SEMA) in an actor-centric perspective. We used the concepts of “knowledge brokering" and» boundary organization” to enlarge this focus with a socio-cognitive dimension and build theoretical foundations to further explore the cognitive, procedural and located dimension of environmental changes in collective action devices.

Under 1700- och 1800-talet genomgick jordbruket omfattande förändringar som bottnade i ett behov av att utöka odlingsmarker men framför allt effektivisera jordbruket. Utvecklingen kom att betyda ett minskat behov av ängsmarker. Enligt tidigare forskning av Skåne var utvecklingen långsammare i de skånska skogsbygderna där ängsbruket vidhölls längre än de andra bygdetyperna.   Studien syftar således till att kartlägga de faktorer som varit särskilt betydande för ängsarealens utveckling i norra Skåne under den industriella revolutionen men även under den agrara revolutionen. För möjligheten att bedriva en övergripande undersökning har ett nedslag i tid gjorts – år 1910. Socknar som endast utgörs av höglänt landskap valdes ut att ingå i undersökningen. Med hjälp av tidigare forskning togs variablerna åker, vallodling, djurhållning och skiftesreform fram. Jordbruksstatistik från varje undersökningsområde i form av sockenareal, ängsareal, åkerareal, skörd från vallodling och antal djur hämtades från BiSOS (Bidrag till Sveriges officiella jordbruksstatistik). Statistik över skiftade byar hämtades från Lantmäteriets söktjänst Historiska kartor. Diverse uträkningar gjordes utifrån statistiken för att jämföra variablernas betydelse för ängens utbredning inom varje undersökningsområde.   I resultatet framgick att åkerarealen haft direkt påverkan på ängsarealens utbredning. Vallodling och djurhållning påverkades av åkerarealens utbredning och var därmed mer indirekt påverkande. Undersökningen av skiftesreformernas påverkan på ängsarealen visade att det inte finns ett samband mellan genomförd skiftesreform och ängsareal inom det höglänta landskapet. Med det inte sagt att skiftesreformerna inte hade betydelse för minskningen av äng. Vidare bekräftade resultatet att laga skiftet varit den dominerande skiftesreformen och att flest skiften genomfördes mellan årtalen 1827–1869. / Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries agriculture encountered an extensive conversion due to urgent expansion of croplands. The conversion was essential in establishing an efficient way in land cultivation additionally leading to decrease of meadowland farming.   Recent research of Scania showed that woodlands had a continuance of meadowland farming compared to other regions of landscapes. This study intent to map out reasons contributing to the decrease of meadowland in the north of Scania during the industrial revolution but also the agricultural revolution. An impact in time was chosen to accomplish a study covering a widely spread area – the year 1910. Study sites were defined to parishes exclusively including highland lands. Based on previous research the variables cropland, grassland, livestock and enclosure of farmlands were selected. Statistics of agriculture was collected from BiSOS (Contribution to Sweden’s official agricultural statistics) in distinction to each studied parish. Statistics of enclosure was collected from the search service Historic maps by The Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority. Several calculations based on the statistics were accomplished to show how the variables affected the acres of meadowland.   According to the result croplands were the main affecting variable. Grassland and livestock had a secondary affect due to their depending on the extent of cropland. Furthermore, there was no indication that enclosure directly altered the meadowland farming within the highlands of Scania and not generally for Scania. Additionally, enclosure by law was the dominating form and most were achieved during the years of 1827-1869.

The thesis describes a period of the government of Leopold II Grand Duke of Tuscany and his affiliation to the swampy territory along the Tuscany coastline called Maremma and its bonification. He was able to change fundamentally the most underdeveloped areas of his country during thirty years of his government. He succeeded even though political changes during the revolutionary years of 1847-1849, and though his government was finished by the unification of Italy and the incorporation of Tuscany into the newly established Kingdom of Italy, which was the goal of Italian risorgimento. This work further describes biography of Leopold II in short, his policy focused on overall development of Tuscany, and last but not least life fates and the principal works of his three closest collaborators - personalities with major influence at the realisation of the bonification works - Vittorio Fossombroni, Gaetano Giorgini and Alessandro Manetti. The thesis describes the bonification works in Maremma themselves, their organisation and results achieved. Part of the bonification overall plans of Leopold II was construction of the road network as well, with necessity of numerous bridges over canals and regulated watercourses. It was also necessary to solve the health problems in the region, especially malaria, where...

The thesis describes a period of the government of Leopold II Grand Duke of Tuscany and his affiliation to the swampy territory along the Tuscany coastline called Maremma and its bonification. He was able to change fundamentally the most underdeveloped areas of his country during thirty years of his government. He succeeded even though political changes during the revolutionary years of 1847-1849, and though his government was finished by the unification of Italy and the incorporation of Tuscany into the newly established Kingdom of Italy, which was the goal of Italian risorgimento. This work further describes biography of Leopold II in short, his policy focused on overall development of Tuscany, and last but not least life fates and the principal works of his three closest collaborators - personalities with major influence at the realisation of the bonification works - Vittorio Fossombroni, Gaetano Giorgini and Alessandro Manetti. The thesis describes the bonification works in Maremma themselves, their organisation and results achieved. Part of the bonification overall plans of Leopold II was construction of the road network as well, with necessity of numerous bridges over canals and regulated watercourses. It was also necessary to solve the health problems in the region, especially malaria, where...