The thesis deals with questions of word class and word-forming subject matter in the school teaching of the Czech language at the infant school. It focuses on both course books analysis of three various publishers from the monitored thematic point of view and insight into class practice of the current school. The theoretical part of the thesis specializes in questions from the scientific point of view, the formal part solves problems of existing subject matter at the infant school and gives analysis of the course books of the Czech language for the infant school. The principal of the thesis is a research of knowledge associated with classifying of word class in both 5th and 6th class of the basic school.

This thesis deals with the curriculum on wages, which is taught in the subject Accounting at business schools. The first part of the thesis contains a theoretical characteristics of the subject of accounting, its objectives and interdisciplinary relationships. In addition, I focus on the statutory regulation on wages, the inclusion of the topic in the teaching, the possibility of using teaching aids and tools, as well as on the characteristics of concepts used in this subject. The second part is applied to the processing of this topic from the perspective of a teacher. It is a suggestion of a procedure for the interpretation of this theme in lessons Accounting at business schools. The analysis involves the interpretation of both the first and also the second concentric circle. There is also included a specific suggestion of the application of problem classes in the teaching curriculum on wages. The last part is the evaluation of the survey, which focuses the use of the concept of problem teaching in the subject Accounting at business scools in the Czech Republic.

The thesis discusses the use of the classical experiment and computer simulation in teaching physics at the elementary school. Paper defines the term experiment focuses on specific types of classic experiment and computer simulation options. A classic experiment and computer simulation in the research section gives associated with motivation for learning in physics classes. In the didactic analysis in teaching physics at inclusion classical experiment and computer simulation evaluates the effectiveness of the selected type of experiment.

The aim of the thesis is selection, physical analysis and didactic analysis of scenes of the most famous mainly Czech movies. The movie scenes are chosen according to Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education and for Secundary General Education. Their didactic analysis is composed of inclusion in teaching, methodical analysis of the movie scenes and feedback.The didactic analysis was developer during whole school year at the grammar school. In the conclusion of the thesis there are three pedagogical studies focused on effectiveness of teaching consisting video-sequences, motivation of students and knowledge of movies from work.

The main theme of the thesis is to create a suggestion of my own teaching material for teaching the topic Biogeography on the 2nd stage of Primary school with the use of project- based teaching and practical form of teaching. The suggestion of the teaching material is in the form of workbook that contains worksheets for biogeographic projects. There was also created methodological guide for teachers to help them in the organization of these projects. The teaching text itself corresponds to the principles defined in the current educational documents. The theoretical part evaluates the significance and status of the topic Biogeography and Biosphere in the curriculum in the context of the Framework Educational Programme for Elementary Education and the school educational programmes of schools monitored. The next chapters are devoted to the didactic function analysis of current educational textbooks and workbooks for the 2nd stage of Primary schools and evaluate the importance of project- based teaching in the teaching of Geography.

The object of this work is to propose the teaching text about the region of "South Africa" for second level of the Primary Schools and lower classes of the long-term Schools. The teaching text is getting from valid education documents and didactic appreciation of the current textbooks and exercise books destined for the above mentioned types of schools, including one German textbook. The proposal of an exercise book, which support the teaching text, is added. There are also included methodics of didactic analysis of textbooks and methodics of creating teaching text in this thesis.

This thesis deals with the didactic analysis of the curriculum on Value Added Tax, which is taught in the subject of economics at the business academies. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is devoted to the description of secondary vocational education in the Czech Republic and the general characteristics of the subject of economics. This introduction is followed by the part, in which it is done processing the curriculum of the Value Added Tax as a theoretical basis for teaching. In the next part of the thesis are designed practical examples used to verify and practice students' knowledge. The final part focuses on the design process each selected classes and their specific form and structure.

Cette thèse propose d’examiner des situations d’enseignement et d’apprentissage autour de la circulation du sang au cycle 3 de l’école élémentaire française de façon à en inférer des éléments susceptibles de les déterminer. Les analyses didactiques sont menées dans le cadre de la Théorie de l’Action Conjointe en Didactique (Sensevy et Mercier, 2007) qui modélise l’action humaine en situation didactique comme une série de jeux d’apprentissage. Il s’agit de comprendre quelques uns des déterminants de ces jeux : le rapport aux objets de savoir du professeur, son épistémologie pratique et son activité adressée. La recherche propose de poursuivre l’exploration des déterminants du côté des élèves en examinant leur rapport aux objets de savoir et leur rapport à l’apprendre (Charlot, 1997). Pour cela, on procède à l’analyse ascendante de pratiques conjointes dans trois classes de CM2 dans lesquelles évoluent trois professeurs de formation initiale contrastée : un ayant une formation en psychologie, un de formation littéraire et un ayant une formation de biologiste. Les résultats obtenus montrent une grande complexité dans les déterminants professoraux due à l’imbrication de blocs de déterminants qui laissent plus ou moins de place, selon les classes, à l’expression et la prise en compte des rapports aux objets de savoir des élèves. L’influence de ces derniers sur l’action conjointe par leur rapport aux objets de savoir est variable selon leur rapport à l’apprendre. Ces éléments apportant une meilleure compréhension des pratiques de classe peuvent fournir des pistes pour la formation des enseignants et des points d’appui pour l’évolution des pratiques enseignantes. / This essay try to examin teaching and learning situations around circulatory system in primary french school (level 6) with the purpose to infer factors which could give determination of them. We do didactic analysis in Joint Action Didactic Theory (Sensevy and Mercier, 2007) who modelise human action in didactic situation like a set learning games. We have to understand some of games déterminants : teacher relationship to knowledge, practic epistemology and adressed activity. The research offer to continue student determinants exploration inspecting student relationship to knowledge and student knowlegde approach (Charlot, 1997). For that, we do bottom up analysis of joint practices in three clasrooms (CM2) with three teachers of contrasted initial background : a psychology background, a litterary and a scientific bakground.Results show a very important complexity of teacher determinants on account of very closely interlinked bundle of determinants who let more or less space in the classrooms for expression and taking into consideration students relationship to knowledge. Student impact on joint action by relationship to knowledge varies among knowledge approach. Those elements can give a better understanding of classroom practices and suggested some indications for training teachers and to focus on teacher practices evolution.

The thesis is divided into two parts: theoretical and empirical part. In the theoretical part I deal with textbooks, their didactic analysis and the ways the textbooks can be used both by teachers as well as by students. My main concern was the problem of Media Education. In empirical part I focused on a didactic analysis of textbooks used for teaching of such educational subjects as Education of a Citizenship, Civics, and Social Science in which I was primarily concerned with the selected components of the didactic analysis.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier les pratiques enseignantes spécialisées auprès d’élèves en situation de handicap mental en Tunisie. Nous procédons à une étude de cas rapprochés de quatre enseignants spécialisés en tentant d’articuler certains concepts des didactiques disciplinaires et une clinique d’orientation psychanalytique. Le recours à un croisement d’une méthodologie d’ingénierie didactique coopérative (IDC) avec la méthodologie didactique clinique en trois temps (déjà-là, l’épreuve et l’après coup) nous a permis de créer les conditions d’analyses intra et inter sites afin de rendre compte dans le détail des décisions pro, inter et retro interactives en lien avec le rapport qu’entreprend chaque enseignant au handicap, à l’activité physique adaptée et à l’institution. Leurs activités didactiques ont été décrites à partir de l'enregistrement audio et vidéo de séances de gymnastique (activité physique adaptée support) et de données d'entretiens (préliminaires du déjà-là, ante et post séance, après-coup). Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence l’influence du rapport au handicap et au savoir enseigné sur les choix didactiques et pédagogiques des enseignants observés. Cette recherche confirme que le « déjà-là » des enseignants considéré comme « la partie cachée du processus décisionnel, fournit des motifs et des mobiles possible de l’activité professionnelle » (Carnus, 2001). / This thesis is proposed to study the specialized teaching practices for student’ mental disabilities in Tunisia. We proceed by a comparative study of specialized teachers cases in an attempt to articulate some concepts of disciplinary didactics and a psychoanalytic Clinical Orientation. The resort to an intersection of a methodology of Cooperative Didactic Engineering with the Clinical Didactic Methodology at three stages (“Déjà-là”, l’épreuve,“après-coup”), have allowed us to create analysis conditions intra-site and inter-site in order to appreciate, in detail, the pro, inter and retro interactive decisions linked to the relationship undertaken by the teacher towards the handicap, the adapted physical activity and the institution. Their didactic activities have been described through the audio-video recording of gymnastics sessions (which are a support for our research) and the data of interview (preliminary of the “déjà-là”, ante and post sessions, «après coup”). The obtained results enhance the influence of the already mentioned relationships on didactic and pedagogical choices of observed teachers. This research confirms the assumption that the « déjà-là » of the teachers submitted to the research as the ‘’hidden side of the decisional process, provides potential motives and drives for the professional activity » (Carnus, 2001).