La thèse interroge conjointement les effets de situations d’échanges sur des forums et des blogs sur la formation de jeunes lecteurs de textes littéraires et les conditions qui favorisent ou limitent ces effets. Cette problématique générale possède deux versants complémentaires :- un questionnement portant sur les compétences de lecture manifestées dans les pratiques sociales d’échanges entre lecteurs mais ordinairement ignorées par L’École ;- une interrogation sur l’entretien d’une réflexion sur les lectures et les textes par des enseignements associant le travail en ligne et en face-à-face.Pour répondre à ces questions, nous étudions un forum non scolaire d’adolescents lecteurs ainsi que différents dispositifs d’enseignement hybrides, conçus et mis en œuvre par 10 professeurs du secondaire exerçant en Île-de-France dans des établissements sociologiquement variés.La thèse poursuit trois objectifs solidaires, selon une approche ethnométhodologique attentive au contexte social et didactique propre à chaque cas étudié. Il s’agit de préciser les processus par lesquels le lecteur conduit une lecture imaginairement et émotionnellement impliquée, de distinguer les spécificités des différents usages de forums et de blogs de lecteur et de comprendre ce qui, dans ces situations, entretient ou inhibe le travail interprétatif.Nous proposons en premier lieu un modèle théorique d’intelligibilité des productions recueillies En deuxième lieu, nous analysons les échanges du forum des adolescents lecteurs pour en distinguer les spécificités et mieux comprendre la transposition scolaire des pratiques sociales. En troisième lieu, nous évaluons les effets des divers usages scolaires de forums et de blogs de lecteurs sur le travail interprétatif.Trois hypothèses ont été examinées. La première conjecture l’expression de compétences de lecture interprétative inconnues ou inaperçues en contexte scolaire sur le forum non scolaire d’adolescents lecteurs. La deuxième hypothèse attend l’entretien d’un travail de lecture impliquée et critique sur les espaces numériques. La troisième hypothèse prévoit des relances réflexives lors des retours en face-à-face sur des écrits asynchrones. Les atouts et les limites des situations étudiées conduisent à avancer des propositions pour l’enseignement et pour la formation des professeurs. / The dissertation investigates both the effects of the idea and knowledge sharing forums and blogs, which foster the formation process of young readers’ literary competence, and the conditions which favor or limit these effects. This general problem has two complementary sides:- the existence of questioning about the reading skills manifested in social practices of the idea exchanging among readers but usually ignored to be implemented;- a question on skill maintenance through the reflection of the read texts by combining online work and face-to-face.To be able to form a sound opinion around these questions, we are examining a non-academic forum of teenagers as well as various hybrid teaching devices, designed and implemented by 10 high school teachers based in Île-de-France in socially varied institutions.The dissertation, taking into account the ethnomethodological approach that carefully examines the social and didactic contexts specific to each studied case, pursues three interdependent objectives. It is a question of specifying the processes by which the reader conducts an imaginarily and emotionally involved reading to distinguish the specifications of the different uses of the forums and reader blogs and to find out what maintains or inhibits the interpretative work under certain circumstances.We first propose a theoretical model of intelligibility of the output collected. Secondly, we analyze teenage readers’ idea exchanging forum to distinguish the specifications of this field and thus contributes to a better understanding of the transposition of social practices at school. Thirdly, we evaluate the effects of various school uses of forums and reader blogs on interpretive work.Three hypotheses were examined in the dissertation. On the non-academic forum of adolescent readers, we conjectured the expression of interpretative reading skills unknown or unnoticed in school context. Concerning hybrid teaching practices, on one hand we have been waiting for the maintenance of the involved and critical reading work in the digital spaces and on the other hand, in face-to-face feedbacks and on asynchronous writings. The strengths and limitations of the studied situations lead to recomendations for the implementation of hybrid approach and hereby for the training of teachers.

The following study examines what kind of texts learners encounter in different textbooks, if these texts are constructed or authentic (already published), and if this has, or can have, any meaning for the learningprocess of the students. The chosen textbooks, Das Dach 4 (2007), Genau! 4 (2008), Der Sprung! 4 (2011) and Alles Deutsch: oder was? 9 (2016), are analysed with a comparative method and with a literaturedidactic theoretic framework. The study determined that most textbooks only have a small amount of authentic texts and that an even smaller amount are both authentic and literary. One of the textbooks diverse from the others, as about half of the total amount of texts are authentic. In all of the textbooks most of the authentic texts are stories, poems, songs and recipies, and the most common texts overall are stories and dialogs. In contrast to the curriculum for german as a second language in Sweden, none of the textbooks had a play in it. To most of the authentic texts there are no tasks at all. The teacher can therefore choose how the students are supposed to work with the texts and what kind of competences are supposed to be fostered and developed. The study also shows that the texts and their tasks mainly are supposed to foster the learners' verbal skill and their textual understandig. The discussion indicates that reading can foster the language skills of the students, and shows that it is possible that reading not only developes the skill of textual understanding, but also understanding for the structure of the language itself.

This diploma thesis deals with the adventure novel Winnetou I by Karl May and with its practical use in foreign language lessons. The first part is focused on the didactics of literature and on the issue how literature can contribute to the development od pupils' competences and which methods could be used in this process. It also introduces the personality of Karl May in relation to his adventure novel Winnetou I. The second part presents an alternative teaching and learning material that was elaborated on the basis of the adventure novel Winnetou I.

This survey is a theoretical analysis concerning didactics of literature, in which I problematize what Martha C. Nussbaum describes as ”narrative imagination”. By using postcolonial theory, more specific: Gayatri Spivaks essay ”Can the Subaltern Speak?” and her theoretical formula ”a leap into the other’s sea”, I try to answer the following question: Can ”narrative imagination” be understood as a manifistation or concretisation of ”a leap into the other’s sea”? The answer that is given concerning my general question is simply: No. Nussbaums’ reader is far to active, whereas Spivak strongly argues that hearing and/or listening to the subaltern requires a state of self-suspendedness. Nussbaum also shows a great belief in literature as a representation of something truly real, but also as a representation of the Other. Drawing on Spivaks critique of Deleuze and Foucault, I have suggested that representation of this kind should, from a poststructuralistic and Marxist point of view, be seen as a theoretical misstake, for: representation postulates objectiveness or/and transparentness. Finally Nussbaums goals, in terms of cultivating the humanity, has been problematized. Her cosmopolitan and democratic approach is based upon – a form of – universalism and an ambition towards consensus, which – again: from a poststructuralistic perspective – is highly debatable. With this background I have concluded two implications concerning didactics of literature: Firstly, there are plenty of voices not represented by literature, a fact that needs to be considered. Thus, to base a world citizenship, a democracy or an understanding of the Other on works of literature is to restrict ”the world” or ”the Other” to the fictional, literary characters that has been written. Secondly Spivak urges us to reflect on the reader as an interpreter. A total suspension of the self is a naive statement – but she is right to point to the occidental subject as a member and reproducer of postcolonial discourse.

In this thesis – concerning didactics of literature – I perform a reading and theoretical analysis of two pivotal works within reader-response theory, more precisely: Literature as Exploration (1938) and The Reader, the Text, the Poem – The Transactional Theory of the Literary Work (1978), both written by Louise M. Rosenblatt. The object of this analysis is to examine whether Rosenblatts’ theory and methodology can be used to accomplish understanding for ”the other”, what Martha C. Nussbaum have called ”narrative imagination”. For a theoretical basis I use postcolonial theory, implicating a poststructuralistic och constructivistic understanding of language and linguistics. The reader-oriented theory and methodology of Rosenblatt – what she calls an aesthetic transaction, or a ”total situation” – has been discussed as problematic in relation to ”narrative imagination” mainly because reader has to be understood as centered, i.e. to be able to understand why a reader performs a specific reading Rosenblatt focus is fixed on the reader her-/himself, ignoring the linguistic, social and discursive context surrounding her/him. I have, with reference to postcolonial theory made the argument that teaching literature must be understood as a discursive practice in which context and discourse limits and influences the readers’ perception and appreciation, and thereby found Rosenblatts method restricted and unsatisfactory. Finally I have, in the light of the results above, proposed a postcolonial version of ”narrative imagination” in which ambitions to understand ”the other” is not formulated in terms of personal, empathic and cosmopolitic cultivation, but rather a reflective practice in which the limitations and principles of discourse is taken into account. A certain attitude or a certain reading must be recognized as a concretion of an institutional (social and linguistic) order of thought. This is a theoretical aspect that needs to be considered in future research, as well as in the classroom.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de dégager les traits majeurs de l’enseignement de la littérature dans les licences de formation de futurs professeurs de français dans les universités publiques colombiennes. Pour mieux comprendre la situation actuelle, on retracera d’abord l’histoire de l’université colombienne et son rôle comme agent diffuseur du français, les objectifs de l’enseignement de cette langue, son évolution de première à deuxième langue étrangère au XXe siècle et la place de l’étude littéraire, d’abord étroitement liée à l’étude de la langue puis séparée de celle-ci. Parallèlement, on décrira les textes, les auteurs, les méthodologies et les exercices littéraires réalisés à chaque époque. Ensuite, on décrira le système éducatif colombien actuel et, à partir de données recueillies grâce à une recherche sur le terrain utilisant plusieurs outils nous permettant de contraster les points de vue des étudiants, professeurs et responsables des licences, on abordera les pratiques et approches didactiques actuelles du texte littéraire tant dans les cours d’apprentissage de la langue que de littérature. Les institutions choisies pour cette étude sont l’Université Nationale et l’Université Pédagogique Nationale à Bogotá, et l’Université d’Antioquia à Medellín. Cette recherche permettra également de connaître les difficultés rencontrées lors de l’étude de la littérature à l’université, pouvant expliquer, en partie, les raisons pour lesquelles cette étude est relativement délaissée, principalement dans le processus d’apprentissage de la langue. Par ailleurs, ce travail nous amènera à réfléchir sur l’avenir de l’enseignement du français et de la littérature à l’université, fortement contesté aujourd’hui, et sur les défis que doivent surmonter les universités pour continuer à assurer une place aux sciences humaines. Puis, compte tenu des résultats de la recherche et du contexte actuel, on s’interrogera sur les évolutions possibles de l’enseignement de la littérature dans le contexte d’enseignement du français. On suggérera une démarche en quatre étapes pour réintroduire l’étude de la littérature dans les cours d’apprentissage de la LE, fondée sur la dimension interculturelle de la langue et l’élargissement des corpus à la littérature francophone, visant à améliorer la formation littéraire des futurs professeurs de français. Enfin, on proposera deux séquences d’exploitation didactique des textes littéraires de différentes époques et origines pour différents niveaux d’apprentissage. / The aim of this doctoral thesis is to examine the main features of the teaching of French literature in the training of future teachers ofFrench in Colombian public university programs. To better understand the current situation, we shall first trace the history of the Colombianuniversity and its role as broadcasting agent of the French language, the objectives of the teaching of this language, its evolution from first tosecond foreign language during the XXth century and the position of literary education, that was at first very much centered on languagestudy and subsequently separated from it. At the same time, we shall describe the texts, authors, methodologies and literary exercisesperformed at each period. We shall then describe the current Colombian institutional environment of education and based on data collectedthrough a field search using several tools enabling us to confront the points of view of students, and professors and persons in charge of theFrench teacher training programs, we shall become acquainted with the current practices and didactic approaches of literary texts both inFrench learning courses and French literature courses. The institutions selected for this study are the National University of Colombia and theNational Pedagogical University in Bogotá, and the University of Antioquia in Medellín. The field work will also allow us to appreciate thedifficulties that could appear during the study of literature in universities, which may partly explain why this kind of work is relativelyneglected, mainly during the learning process of the language. Moreover, this study will lead us to ponder on the future of French teachingtraining programs and the place of education in literature in universities, presently strongly contested, and the challenges that universitiesmust overcome to continue to ensure a place for humanities. Then, taking into account the results of the field search and the current contextof education, we will explore the possible and desirable evolutions in the study of French literature. We will suggest an approach in foursteps to reintroduce literature study in the language learning courses, based on the intercultural dimension of the language and on theenlargement of the literary corpus towards francophone literature, aiming at improving the literary training of future teachers of French.Finally, we will propose two didactic approaches to study literary texts of different periods and origins for different training levels.

of the thesis The dissertation thesis deals with the problem of using children's literature in teaching foreign languages at elementary schools. It frames the topic by Czech curricular documents and constituents of the teaching-learning process, provides a historical survey and lists the genres of the children's literature. It characterizes the skill of reading in foreign language teaching and deals with the position of the literary text and lesson planning with children's literature within the foreign language teaching process. Attention is also paid to children's literature as the constituent of the pre-service teacher training. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether children's literature is used in foreign language teaching at elementary schools, whether contemporary textbooks use it, how it is perceived by in-service and pre-service teachers and last but not least what children's literature in the teaching-learning process of foreign languages has to offer. Research tools used for the purposes of the thesis were questionnaires, observations, specially prepared teaching materials based on literary texts and analysis of a textbook. The research proved that children's literature is used both by contemporary textbooks and by teachers in the foreign language education process. Since there is...

La présente étude vise à écouter la voix des femmes s’exprimant à travers leurs œuvres, à comprendre leurs motivations, leurs buts et leur place dans le discours littéraire et social ; on cherchera aussi à analyser la réception par les étudiants de la littérature française féminine contemporaine, considérée comme une proposition de lecture digne d’attention en raison de son caractère socialement engagé. Le fait de se demander de quelle façon la littérature française créée par les femmes observe les problèmes auxquels est confrontée la société contemporaine et de quelle manière elle entreprend un dialogue sur ces sujets, montrant par là un intérêt pour l’ordre social et politique, semble élargir avec profit non seulement les perspectives de l’analyse littéraire, mais également l’horizon de la didactique de la littérature. En se penchant sur la création littéraire contemporaine des femmes, on cherche à proposer un tour d’horizon des formes d’engagement et du degré d’intensité avec lequel sont traitées les questions de société dont la problématique influence la situation de l’individu et les communautés qu’il forme, à commencer par la plus petite d’entre elles : la famille. À travers l’œuvre de Claire Castillon, qui puise dans les modèles créés par les femmes écrivains des générations précédentes, nous pouvons observer la façon dont celles-ci entreprennent une réflexion critique sur leur place et leur rôle dans le tissu social, mais aussi sur l’état général de la société dans laquelle elles évoluent. De même, nous voyons quels problèmes de société apparaissent comme les plus sensibles de leur point de vue. Afin de suivre l’évolution de l’écriture féminine et de mieux comprendre sa place actuelle, il est essentiel d’analyser les motifs pour lesquels les femmes ont saisi la plume, notamment depuis la Révolution française, lorsque ces questions de société ont pris une importance particulière dans le discours public, également dans le champ littéraire. / This study aims to listen to the voices of women expressed through their works, to understand their motivations, their goals and their place in the literary and social discourse ; we also seek to analyze the reception by students of contemporary French women's writing considered a reading proposal worthy of attention because of its socially committed character. The fact wonder how French literature created by women observe the issues facing modern society and how she develop a dialogue on these subjects, thereby showing an interest in social and political order which seems to expand profitably not only the prospects of literary analysis, but also the horizon of didactics of literature. By focusing on the contemporary literature of women, it seeks to provide an overview of the forms of commitment and degree of intensity with which are treated the issues of society whose problems affect the situation of the individual and communities that it forms, starting with the smallest one: the family. Through the work of Claire Castillon, which draws from models created by women writers of previous generations, we can observe how women writers undertake critical reflection on the role od women in society, but also the general state of society in which they operate. Similarly, we see which social issus are most essential to their views. To follow the evolution of women's writing and understand its current position, it is important to analyze the reasons why women have seized the pen, especially since the French Revolution, when the social issues have taken a particular importance in the public discourse, also in the literary field.

The thesis deals with predicting, as one of the basic reading strategies applied through out the reading lessons in primary school. The major objective of this study is to identify the main principles of successful application of this strategy in the field, in the terms of all three involving aspects: the teacher, the student and the text. The thesis consists of a theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part defines the key principles of the mental process when the reader is making predictions. This part deals with the theoretical framework and analyzes related terms to that issue. The practical part presents gathered data from the action research that involves plans of model reading lessons aimed at the strategy of predicitng and my own teaching practice that has been finally reflected. The results of this research provide some support for teachers who decide to implement the strategy into their literature lessons. KEYWORDS didactics of literature, early literacy, reading literacy, reading strategies, reading comprehension, predicting, critical thinking