Concerns about intellectual property rights are a significant barrier to the practice of scholarly self-archiving in institutional and other types of digital repositories. This introductory level, half-day tutorial will demystify the journal copyright transfer agreements (CTAs) that often are the source of these rights concerns of scholars. In addition, participants will be introduced to the deposit processes of self-archiving in an interdisciplinary repository and open access archive (OAA), such as DLIST, Digital Library for Information Science and Technology. Editor's Note: This is a 1-page summary of the tutorial at the Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL '05), June 7, 2005, Denver, Colorado. It does not include the actual tutorial. Contents: Introduction, Learning Outcomes, Topics to be covered, About the Presenters, and References.

This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: Dillon, A. (2001) Usability Issues in Hypermedia. In: W. Karwowski (ed). Encyclopedia of Human Factors and Ergonomics. London: Taylor and Francis. 1. Introduction: Hypermedia is a general term used to describe the presentation of graphical, textual, audio and video information in nodes (chunks) that can be linked together and accessed in a manner determined by the immediate interests of the user. Originating as an idea for mechanized information access and organization that better reflected the natural workings of the human mind by Vannevar Bush (1945), the potential of the computer to provide the best means of supporting hypermedia was recognized early on by thinkers such as Ted Nelson and Doug Engelbart (for a historical overview see Conklin, 1987). The move toward hypermedia-based digital documents holds with it the promise of user-controlled, immediate access to the world of published information and stored data. While originally a specialist application domain, in the last few years the World Wide Web has brought to everyoneâ s desktop the power and problems of hypermedia interaction. Yet from the outset, human factors researchers have noted a range of user issues that prevent the simple transition from analog to digital resources

This thesis is an interdisciplinary study based on the interplay between science, technology and society in order to inform the design of knowledge exploration systems. It provides a rationale for the integration of science knowledge, geographic information, with digital libraries to build knowledge and awareness about sustainability. A theoretical reconceptualization of knowledge building is provided that favours interactive engagement with information and argues against a traditional model of science production and communication that is linear and unidirectional. The elements of contextualization, classification and communication form the core of the reconceptualization. Since many information systems entrench the traditional model of science production, the three elements are considered in light of library and information science and geographic information science. The use of geographic information systems is examined to identify how they can be used as part of a social learning model for scientific, social, cultural, and environmental issues to further assist people in connecting to place and sustainability. Empirical data was collected from four case studies. One case study centred on the design and development of a web-based digital library called the Georgia Basin Digital Library, another two case studies focused on the use of part of this digital library with youth, senior and environmental groups in south-western British Columbia. The remaining case study observed a community deliberation to consider how knowledge exploration systems might support deliberation in future processes. The case study research confirms that collaborative research with communities is a fruitful way to engage with sustainability issues. Such collaborations require consideration of institutional arrangements, information collections, relationship building, technology transfer and capacity building.

This study was aimed at investigating established electronic text and information projects and resources to inform the design and implementation of a South African electronic text resource. Literature was surveyed on a wide variety of electronic text projects and virtual libraries in the humanities, bibliographic databases, electronic encyclopaedias, literature webs, on-line learning, corcordancing and textual analysis, and computer application programs for searching and displaying electronic texts .The SALIT Web CD-ROM which is a supplementary outcome of the research - including the database, relational table structure, keyword search criteria, search screens, and hypertext linking of title entries to the electronic full-texts in the virtual library section - was based on this research. Other outcomes of the project include encoded electronic texts and an Internet web site. The research was undertaken to investigate the benefits of designing and developing an etext database (hypertext web) that could be used effectively as a learning/teaching and research resource in South African literary studies. The backbone of the resource would be an indexed ''virtual library" containing electronic texts (books and other documents in digital form), conforming to international standards for interchange and for sharing with others. Working on the assumption that hypertext is an essentially democratic and anti canonical environment where the learner/users are free to construct meaning for themselves, it seemed an ideal medium in which to conduct learning, teaching and research in South African literature. By undertaking this project I hoped to start a process, based on international standards, that would provide a framework for a virtual library of South African literature, especially those works considered "marginal" or which had gone out of print, or were difficult to access for a variety of reasons. Internationally, the TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) and other, literature based hypertext projects, promised the emergence of networked information resources that could absorb and then share texts essential for contemporary South African literary research. Investigation of the current status of on-line reference sources revealed that the digital frameworks underlying bibliographic databases, electronic encyclopaedias and literature webs are now very similar. Specially designed displays allow the SALIT Web to be used as a digital library, providing an opportunity to read books that may not be available from any other library. The on-line learning potential of the SALIT Web is extensive. Asynchronous Learning Network (ALN) programmes in use were assessed and found to offer a high degree of learner-tutor and learner-learner interaction. The Text Analysis Computing Tools (TACT) program was used to investigate the possibility of detailed text analysis of the full texts included in the SALIT library on the CDROM. Features such as Keyword-in-context and word-frequency generators, offer valuable methods to automate the more time-consuming aspects of both thematic and formal text analysis. In the light of current hypertext theory that emphasises hypertext's lack of fixity and closure, the SALIT Web can be seen to transfer authority from the author/teacher/librarian, to the user, by offering free access to information and so weakening the established power relations of education and access to education. The resource has the capacity to allow the user to examine previously unnoticed, but significant contradictions, inconsistencies and patterns and construct meaning from them. Yet the resource may still also contain interventions by the author/teacher consisting of pathways to promote the construction of meaning, but not dictate it. A hypertext web resource harnesses the cheap and powerful benefits of Information Technology for the purpose of literary research, especially in the under-resourced area of South African literary studies. By making a large amount of information readily available and easily accessible, it saves time and reduces frustration for both learners and teachers. An electronic text resource provides users with a virtual library at their fingertips. Its resources can be standardised so that others can add to it, thus compounding the benefits over time. It can place scarce works (books, articles and papers) within easy access for student use. Students may then be able to use its resources for independent discovery, or via guided sets of exercises or assignments. Electronic texts break the tyranny of inadequate library resources, restricted access to rare documents and the unavailability of comprehensive bibliographical information in the area of South African literary studies. The publication of the CD-ROM enables the launch of new, related projects, with the emphasis on building a collection of South African texts in all languages and in translation. Training in electronic text preparation, and Internet access to the resource will also be addressed to take these projects forward. / Thesis (Ph.D)-University of Durban-Westville, Durban,1999.

The goal of this research was to conduct a usability study on Digital Innovation’s (DISA) South African Music Archive Project (SAMAP) website. In order to achieve this goal, it was very important to first (1) understand more fully the expectations of potential users and then (2) to identify any mismatches between the proposed Dublin Core system and users’ search techniques. Many researchers have pointed out that a system that is not easy to use, does not match user requirements, and ignores usability studies is likely to fail (Pearrow, 2000; del Galdo & Nielsen, 1996; Shneiderman & Plaisant, 2005; Kuniavsky, 2003). This study was conducted at the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s Howard College Campus in Durban, South Africa. A qualitative research method was chosen for this study within an eclectic-mixed methods-pragmatic paradigm which favours multiple data collection research instruments to collect data. Data collected was mostly of a qualitative nature and has been interrogated using NVivo™. The patterns that emerged out of this study will establish a better understanding of multi-disciplinary online music archives and website designs. A discussion of the findings and recommendations are presented in the final chapter of this dissertation, but essentially the study demonstrates the need to more fully understand user requirements before development takes place. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2011.

Digital collections are ubiquitous. However, not all digital collections are the same. While most digital collections have limited forms of change - primarily creation and deletion of additional resources - there exists a class of digital collections that undergo additional kinds of change. These collections are made up of resources that are distributed across the Internet and brought together into the collection via hyperlinking. This means the underlying collection members are not controlled by the curator of the collection. Resources can be expected to change as time goes on. To further complicate matters these collections can be hard to maintain when they are large, highly dynamic, or lacking active curation. Part of the difficulty in maintaining these collections is determining if a changed page is still a valid member of the collection. While others have tried to address this problem by measuring change and defining a maximum allowed threshold of change, these methods treat all change as a potential problems and treat web content as a static document despite its intrinsically dynamic nature. Instead, I approach the problem of determining significance of change on the web by embracing it as a normal part of a web document's lifecycle, Instead of using thresholds to identify abnormal changes, I determine the difference between what a maintainer expects a page to do and what it actually does. These models are created using a variety of feature extractors to find pertinent information in a page, a Kalman filter to model the history of a page and predict a next version and finally classification of results into either expected or unexpected change. I evaluate the different options for extractors and analyzers to determine the best options from my suite of possibilities. This work is informed by a series of studies on both web pages and potential collection maintainers, observations of the NSDL Pathways, and a ground-truth set of blog changes tagged by a human judgment of the kind of change. The results of this work showed a statistically significant improvement over a range of traditional threshold techniques when applied to the collection of tagged blog changes.

This dissertation presents a new metadata design, as part of a large digitization management system being developed, to assist in the consistent creation of digital libraries of phonograph records. The Metadata provides digital libraries with an effective tool for the description, discovery, management, control, delivery, and sharing of digital objects of phonograph record. The metadata design is the outcome of two pilot projects for the digitization of phonograph records that took place at the Marvin Duchow Music Library at McGill University. The new design offers an approach to maintaining and using digital sound and ensures the long-term viability of digital libraries of phonograph records. / The dissertation discusses key areas of preservation and addresses the most common retrieval problems of music in digital libraries. These problems include challenges in the digital context of bibliographic control, cataloging, distribution, and copyright protection. The dissertation revisits traditional cataloging approaches, summarizes historical music cataloging and metadata development, sets up preservation principles and rationales for digitizing phonograph records, and presents state-of-the-art techniques for preserving phonograph records in the digital domain. / The dissertation contains three main parts. The first is an introduction to the new metadata design for phonograph records. The second is a metadata dictionary, which assigns precise syntactic and semantic meanings to metadata elements, to guide digitizers working in libraries, archives, museums, and heritage sectors. These will be followed by two case studies of phonograph record digitization projects using the Metadata and the Data Dictionary. The dissertation concludes by examining three challenges that are critical to future development in both the preserving of and access to phonograph records: the issue of interoperability between different metadata standards, the need for usability and quality evaluation of digitization management systems, and the importance of further development in digital library retrieval services and tools.

This thesis is an interdisciplinary study based on the interplay between science, technology and society in order to inform the design of knowledge exploration systems. It provides a rationale for the integration of science knowledge, geographic information, with digital libraries to build knowledge and awareness about sustainability. A theoretical reconceptualization of knowledge building is provided that favours interactive engagement with information and argues against a traditional model of science production and communication that is linear and unidirectional. The elements of contextualization, classification and communication form the core of the reconceptualization. Since many information systems entrench the traditional model of science production, the three elements are considered in light of library and information science and geographic information science. The use of geographic information systems is examined to identify how they can be used as part of a social learning model for scientific, social, cultural, and environmental issues to further assist people in connecting to place and sustainability. Empirical data was collected from four case studies. One case study centred on the design and development of a web-based digital library called the Georgia Basin Digital Library, another two case studies focused on the use of part of this digital library with youth, senior and environmental groups in south-western British Columbia. The remaining case study observed a community deliberation to consider how knowledge exploration systems might support deliberation in future processes. The case study research confirms that collaborative research with communities is a fruitful way to engage with sustainability issues. Such collaborations require consideration of institutional arrangements, information collections, relationship building, technology transfer and capacity building.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, Aug., 2007. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Acompanha: Biblioteca Digital de Qualidade de Vida / Este trabalho teve por objetivo construir uma biblioteca digital especializada voltada para a disseminação de informações e conhecimentos sobre o tema Qualidade de Vida. Para que este fosse alcançado, estruturou-se um referencial teórico embasado nas temáticas: informação, biblioteca digital, internet e a Lei de Direitos Autorais. Em termos estruturais, a Biblioteca Digital de Qualidade de Vida (BDQV) foi construída com base no banco de dados do indexador de periódicos GeoDados, do qual utiliza um sistema em linguagem MySQL para o gerenciamento de seu banco de informações, apoiado pela ferramenta phpMyAdmin. Ainda, a criação da interface de trabalho, como também dos sistemas de busca e recuperação de material da BDQV, foram construídos com o auxílio de ferramentas como o phpEditor, em linguagens PHP, HTML e CSS, tornando possível a consulta online dos materiais anexados de maneira fácil e ágil. A biblioteca foi testada em duas etapas, sendo que a primeira tratou da realização de um pré-teste, com o objetivo da detecção de possíveis problemas e a coleta de sugestões de melhoria. A segunda etapa tratou do teste final de usabilidade da BDQV, que teve por objetivo a validação desta como ferramenta de apoio ao ensino da temática qualidade de vida. Com a BDQV construída e testada, foi possível então perceber sua considerável aplicabilidade no apoio ao ensino-aprendizagem da temática Qualidade de Vida, nesta disciplina. / This study aimed to build a digital library specialist dedicated to the dissemination of information and knowledge of the theme of Quality of Life. For this to be achieved, if a structured theoretical framework was based on the themes addressed: information, digital library, and Internet Copyright Act. In structural terms, the Digital Library Quality of Life (DLQL) was built on the index database of journals Geodis, which uses a MySQL language system for managing your database information, supported by the tool phpMyAdmin. Still, the creation of the working interface, as well as systems for search and retrieval of material from DLQL were built with the help of tools like phpEditor in languages PHP, HTML and CSS, making it possible to search online for materials attached easily and quickly. The library was tested in two stages, where the first dealt with the completion of a pre-test, with the aim of detecting possible problems and collect suggestions for improvement. The second step this was the ultimate test of usability DLQL, which aimed at the validation of the library as a tool to support teaching of thematic quality of life. With DLQL built and tested, it was possible then realize its considerable applicability in supporting teaching and learning of thematic quality of life, the discipline of the same name. The methodology used to evaluate the product was qualitative, descriptive and field.