A partir dos anos 2000 houve uma significativa mudança no cenário global da manufatura, no sentido de induzir as empresas a trabalhar dentro de ambientes colaborativos, os quais necessitam de soluções mais integradas ao \'modelo de empresa estendida\' para colaborar a organização como um todo, incluindo parceiros, fornecedores e clientes. Na atualidade, as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento dos processos de manufatura necessitam levar em consideração a dispersão de recursos (do ponto de vista sistema), que engloba inclusive o conhecimento e a informação. Um problema de grande importância está na \'conexão\' (interface) entre as engenharias, os ambientes de produção e os ambientes de operações comerciais, principalmente na precisão do compartilhamento de dados. Como proposta de solução deste problema a pesquisa tem como contribuição a criação do modelo de referência denominado PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), suportado pelas iniciativas da manufatura digital DM (Digital Manufacturing) do PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), que envolvem \'simulação\' e \'procedimentos colaborativos\', principalmente para as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura, consideradas o \'elo\' entre o desenvolvimento de produtos, o gerenciamento do chão de fábrica e o planejamento e controle da produção. O modelo de referência PLM2M tem como objetivo integrar as áreas que participam do processo de manufatura. Está fundamentado em um conjunto de procedimentos que explora estratégias de modelagem de fluxos de trabalho WfMS (Workflow Management System) e arquitetura TIC (Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação), a modelagem de processos de negócios, as definições de produto, o layout de plantas industriais, os recursos (máquinas e dispositivos, matéria-prima e pessoas), o sequenciamento das operações de produção (que releva a demanda e envolve volume, variedade e prazos), e ainda, o controle e gerenciamento das informações de chão de fábrica. O modelo PLM2M estabelece relação com a gestão de portfólio de programas e projetos no ciclo de vida de produtos (PLM) e tem o propósito de oferecer melhoria de produtividade, ajuste de capacidade de produção e melhor reuso dos ativos da planta, proporcionando melhores \'time-to-market\' de produtos. Para implementar o modelo PLM2M considera-se a hipótese de que esse modelo deve ser aplicado em cenários de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura para ambientes complexos e dispersos e que estejam engajados dentro de critérios de avaliação (assessment) de modelos de maturidade e capabilidade em relação ao uso do PLM e Manufatura Digital. / Since 2000, there has been a significant change in the global scenario of manufacturing, in order to induce companies to work within collaborative environments, which require more integrated solutions to the \'extended enterprise model\' to collaborate the organization as a whole, including partners, suppliers and customers. In the current days, the activities of manufacturing process planning and management need to take into account the dispersion of resources (from the point of view system), which includes the knowledge and information. A problem of great importance is the \'connection\' (interface) among the engineering, the production environments and the commercial operations environments, mainly in the accuracy of the data sharing. As a proposal for solve this problem the research presents as a contribution the creation of the reference model called PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), supported by initiatives of Digital Manufacturing (DM) of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), that involves \'simulation\' and \'collaborative procedures\', principally for activities of manufacturing processes planning and management, considered the \'link\' among the products development, the shop floor management and the production planning and control. The PLM2M reference model has as objective to integrate the areas that participate in the manufacturing process. It is based on a set of procedures that explores workflows modeling strategies WfMS (Workflow Management System) and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) architecture, the business processes modeling, the product definitions, the layout of industrial plants, the resources (machines and devices, raw materials and people), the sequencing of production operations (which takes into account the demand and involves volume, variety and lead-time), and yet, the shop floor information control and management. The PLM2M model establishes relationship with the portfolio management of programs and projects in the product lifecycle management (PLM) and has the purpose to provide productivity improvement, adjustment of production capacity and better reuse of plant assets, providing better \'time-to-market\' of products. To implement the PLM2M model, it is important to consider the hypothesis that this model should be applied in manufacturing process planning and management scenarios for complex and dispersed environments and that are engaged within assessment criteria of maturity and capability models in relation to the use of PLM and Digital Manufacturing.

A partir dos anos 2000 houve uma significativa mudança no cenário global da manufatura, no sentido de induzir as empresas a trabalhar dentro de ambientes colaborativos, os quais necessitam de soluções mais integradas ao \'modelo de empresa estendida\' para colaborar a organização como um todo, incluindo parceiros, fornecedores e clientes. Na atualidade, as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento dos processos de manufatura necessitam levar em consideração a dispersão de recursos (do ponto de vista sistema), que engloba inclusive o conhecimento e a informação. Um problema de grande importância está na \'conexão\' (interface) entre as engenharias, os ambientes de produção e os ambientes de operações comerciais, principalmente na precisão do compartilhamento de dados. Como proposta de solução deste problema a pesquisa tem como contribuição a criação do modelo de referência denominado PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), suportado pelas iniciativas da manufatura digital DM (Digital Manufacturing) do PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), que envolvem \'simulação\' e \'procedimentos colaborativos\', principalmente para as atividades de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura, consideradas o \'elo\' entre o desenvolvimento de produtos, o gerenciamento do chão de fábrica e o planejamento e controle da produção. O modelo de referência PLM2M tem como objetivo integrar as áreas que participam do processo de manufatura. Está fundamentado em um conjunto de procedimentos que explora estratégias de modelagem de fluxos de trabalho WfMS (Workflow Management System) e arquitetura TIC (Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação), a modelagem de processos de negócios, as definições de produto, o layout de plantas industriais, os recursos (máquinas e dispositivos, matéria-prima e pessoas), o sequenciamento das operações de produção (que releva a demanda e envolve volume, variedade e prazos), e ainda, o controle e gerenciamento das informações de chão de fábrica. O modelo PLM2M estabelece relação com a gestão de portfólio de programas e projetos no ciclo de vida de produtos (PLM) e tem o propósito de oferecer melhoria de produtividade, ajuste de capacidade de produção e melhor reuso dos ativos da planta, proporcionando melhores \'time-to-market\' de produtos. Para implementar o modelo PLM2M considera-se a hipótese de que esse modelo deve ser aplicado em cenários de planejamento e gerenciamento de processos de manufatura para ambientes complexos e dispersos e que estejam engajados dentro de critérios de avaliação (assessment) de modelos de maturidade e capabilidade em relação ao uso do PLM e Manufatura Digital. / Since 2000, there has been a significant change in the global scenario of manufacturing, in order to induce companies to work within collaborative environments, which require more integrated solutions to the \'extended enterprise model\' to collaborate the organization as a whole, including partners, suppliers and customers. In the current days, the activities of manufacturing process planning and management need to take into account the dispersion of resources (from the point of view system), which includes the knowledge and information. A problem of great importance is the \'connection\' (interface) among the engineering, the production environments and the commercial operations environments, mainly in the accuracy of the data sharing. As a proposal for solve this problem the research presents as a contribution the creation of the reference model called PLM2M (PLM to Manufacturing), supported by initiatives of Digital Manufacturing (DM) of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), that involves \'simulation\' and \'collaborative procedures\', principally for activities of manufacturing processes planning and management, considered the \'link\' among the products development, the shop floor management and the production planning and control. The PLM2M reference model has as objective to integrate the areas that participate in the manufacturing process. It is based on a set of procedures that explores workflows modeling strategies WfMS (Workflow Management System) and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) architecture, the business processes modeling, the product definitions, the layout of industrial plants, the resources (machines and devices, raw materials and people), the sequencing of production operations (which takes into account the demand and involves volume, variety and lead-time), and yet, the shop floor information control and management. The PLM2M model establishes relationship with the portfolio management of programs and projects in the product lifecycle management (PLM) and has the purpose to provide productivity improvement, adjustment of production capacity and better reuse of plant assets, providing better \'time-to-market\' of products. To implement the PLM2M model, it is important to consider the hypothesis that this model should be applied in manufacturing process planning and management scenarios for complex and dispersed environments and that are engaged within assessment criteria of maturity and capability models in relation to the use of PLM and Digital Manufacturing.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3829.pdf: 4230286 bytes, checksum: 57d5e0c531823572429b3f117b7809fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / A necessary condition for the economic efficiency of modern plants is the ability to adjust - as quickly and effectively as possible - the performance of manufacturing process for demand request decisions. In this sense, the research emphasized the importance of understanding the best practices in Information Technology (IT) and the trade scenario of solutions using shopfloor real data in virtual environments for simulation and many achieved benefits. The highlights of this research focused on exploring the collaboration (practice of skills for the achievement of mutually beneficial results) between the MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) and the digital manufacturing systems (also called virtual manufacturing systems) of PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), in a scenario where the manufacturing processes require high flexibility, reliability and lower delivery times, extensive combination of variants and lower life-cycle of products. The research - in an exploratory and descriptive way, which identified the available knowledge on the subject more sharply between the years 2006 and 2010 - was grounded in the practices of world-renowned companies and institutions and considered opinions and evaluations of renowned researchers and professionals with expertise in initiatives to support the use of MES solutions data in systems of digital manufacturing of PLM to manufacturing processes planning. As a result of the studied scenarios and covered concepts, the research has consolidated a "diagram of information collaboration", with the aim of providing better decision choices within the framework of shop-floor project, processes planning and production management. The research also concluded that the MES systems may have their value extended if integrated within the characteristics of functionalities of the PLM concept. It also brought some recommendations and limitations on the portability of information, commented on the learned lessons and suggestions for future tasks that include the BPM (Business Process Management). / Uma condição necessária para a eficiência econômica das fábricas modernas é a habilidade de adequar - de forma mais rápida e melhor possível - o desempenho dos processos de manufatura às decisões de solicitação de demanda. Nesse sentido, ressaltou-se a importância de compreender as melhores práticas de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) e o cenário comercial de soluções que utilizam dados reais de chão-de-fábrica em ambientes virtuais de simulação e os vários benefícios obtidos. O destaque desta pesquisa ficou por conta de explorar a colaboração (prática de competências para a obtenção de resultados mutuamente vantajosos) entre os sistemas MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems) e os sistemas de manufatura digital (também chamada fábrica virtual) do PLM (Product Lifecycle Management), num cenário onde os processos de manufatura impõem alta flexibilidade, confiança e menores tempos de entrega, ampla combinação de variantes e menores ciclos de vida de produtos. A pesquisa - de forma exploratória e descritiva, que identificou o conhecimento disponível sobre o tema mais acentuadamente entre os anos de 2006 e 2010 - foi embasada nas práticas de instituições e empresas mundialmente reconhecidas, e considerou opiniões e avaliações de profissionais e pesquisadores renomados nas iniciativas que apóiam a utilização de dados das soluções MES em sistemas de manufatura digital do PLM para o planejamento de processos de manufatura. Como resultado dos cenários estudados e conceitos abordados, a pesquisa consolidou um diagrama de colaboração da informação , com o propósito de auxiliar melhores tomadas de decisão no âmbito do projeto de chão-de-fábrica, planejamento de processos e gerência da produção. A pesquisa ainda concluiu quanto os sistemas MES podem ter seu valor ampliado se integrados dentro das características de funcionalidades do conceito PLM, trouxe algumas recomendações e limitações sobre a portabilidade das informações, comentou sobre as lições aprendidas e apresentou sugestões de trabalhos futuros que inclui o gerenciamento de processos de negócios BPM (Business Process Management).

In the Manufacturing Industry there is a subset of technologies referred to as Rapid Technologies which are those technologies that create the ability to compress the time to market for new products under development . Of this subset, Additive Fabrication (AF), or more commonly known as Rapid Prototyping (RP), acquires much attention due to its unique and futuristic approach to the production of physical parts directly from 3D CAD data, CT or MRI scans, or data from laser scanning systems by utilizing various techniques to consecutively generate cross-sectional layers of a given thickness upon the previous layer to form 3D objects. While Rapid Prototyping is the most common name for the production technology it is also referred to as Additive Manufacturing, Layer Based Manufacturing, Direct Digital Manufacturing, Free-Form Fabrication, and 3-Dimensional Printing. With over 35 manufacturers of Additive Fabrication equipment in 2006 , the selection of an AF process and material for a specific application can become a significant task, especially for those with little or no technical experience with the technology and to add to this challenge, many of the various processes have multiple material options to select from . This research was carried out in order to design and construct a system that would allow a person, regardless of their level of technical knowledge, to quickly and easily filter through the large number of Additive Fabrication processes and their associated materials in order to find the most appropriate processes and material options to create physical reproductions of any part. The selection methodology used in this paper is a collection of assumptions and rules taken from the author's viewpoint of how, in real world terms, the selection process generally takes place between a consumer and a service provider. The methodology uses those assumptions in conjunction with a set of expert based rules to direct the user to a best set of qualifying processes and materials suited for their application based on as many or as few input fields the user may be able to complete.

[pt] Desenvolver e construir uma prótese ou órtese com fácil adaptação para o usuário ainda é um grande desafio na área de engenharia em geral. Além disso, o uso de elementos eletromecânicos insere a autonomia e a portabilidade como fatores de dificuldade na construção. Outro ponto é que variações de fatores humanos, como espasticidade, tônus muscular ou alterações decorrentes de doenças como paralisia cerebral ou lesão nervosa, interferem na construção do aparelho. Deste modo, a construção de uma órtese é um trabalho desafiador e multidisciplinar, que envolve uma análise profunda e detalhada desde a aplicação até a construção propriamente dita. O uso de técnicas de indústria 4.0 para tornar a órtese confortável, leve e de facil uso é fundamental para isso, assim como a análise e processamento de biosinais e o controle, fazendo com que cada etapa estaja ligada e ajustada para que o funcionamento esteja correto. Esta tese tem como objetivo avaliar os métodos teóricos e experimentais de construção e avaliação dinâmica de uma bio-órtese de membros superiores utilizando o conceito de indústria 4.0, processos de manufatura digital, otimização multiestrutural, processamentos de biossinais e técnicas de controle não linear. Este estudo foi motivado pelo avanço do uso da manufatura digital no campo da biomedicina, pelo grande desafio sob o ponto de vista de controle, pela variabilidade que esses processos podem ter na construção de órteses na melhoria da qualidade de vida das pessoas com deficiência. / [en] Developing and building a prosthesis or orthosis with easy adaptation for the user is still a major challenge in the engineering area in general. In addition, the use of electromechanical elements inserts autonomy and portability as factors of difficulty in construction. Another point is that variations in human factors, such as spasticity, muscle tone or changes resulting from diseases such as cerebral palsy or nerve damage, interfere with the construction of the device. Therefore, the construction of an orthosis is a challenging and multidisciplinary job, which involves a deep and detailed analysis from the application to the actual construction. The use of Industry 4.0 techniques to make the orthosis comfortable, lightweight, and easy to use is fundamental to this, as is the analysis and processing of biosignals and control, making sure that each step is connected and adjusted so that it functions correctly. This aims to evaluate the theoretical and experimental methods of construction and dynamic evaluation of a bio-orthosis of upper limbs using the concept of industry 4.0, digital manufacturing processes, multi-structural optimization, bio-signal processes and non-linear control techniques. This study was motivated by the advancement of the use of digital manufacturing in the field of bio-medicine, by the great challenge from the point of view of control, by the variability that these processes can have in the construction of orthoses in improving the quality of life of people with disabilities.

The contemporary global automotive industry has persisted, relatively unchanged, since its inception over a century ago. However, it appears that major changes may be underfoot with increasing environmental, social, and economic pressures to improve the industry's long-term sustainability. An alternative model, known as Micro-Factory Retailing (MFR), guided by the emerging field of Industrial Ecology (IE) has been proposed as a possible solution to the industry’s sustainability crisis. This thesis will explore the prospects of MFR in Canada and propose the use of 3D printed electric vehicles as a means to facilitate sustainable system innovation. To demonstrate the feasibility of this proposed technological pathway, three entrepreneurial firms attempting to disrupt the way in which cars are made, sold, and used will be studied. Although the timeline of such a major transition is currently unknown, Canada should act proactively to transition its role in the global automotive sector and lead the way towards a more sustainable automotive ecosystem through MFR. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Industrial revolutions bring dynamic change to industry through major technological advances (Freeman & Louca, 2002). People and companies must take advantage of industrial revolutions in order to reap its benefits (Bruland & Smith, 2013). Currently, the 4th industrial revolution, industry is transforming advanced manufacturing and engineering capabilities through digital transformation. Company X’s production system was investigated in the research. Detailed evaluation the production process revealed bottlenecks and inefficiency (Melton, 2005). Using the Digital Twin and Discrete Event Factory Simulation, the researcher gathered factory and production input data to simulate the process and provide a system level, holistic view of Company X’s production system to show how factory simulation enables process improvement. The National Academy of Engineering supports Discrete Event Factory Simulation as advancing Personalized Learning through its ability to meet the unique problem solving needs of engineering and manufacturing process through advanced simulation technology (National Academy of Engineering, 2018). The directed project applied two process optimization experiments to the production system through the simulation tool, 3DExperience wiht the DELMIA application from Dassualt Systemes (Dassault, 2018). The experiment resulted in a 10% improvement in production time and a 10% reduction in labor costs due to the optimization