Marknaden för delade arbetsplatser har fått se en snabb tillväxt under senare år. Delvis kan detta förklaras med den ansenliga tillväxten av informationsteknologier. Dessa har till viss del förändrat hur vi lever, men fundamentalt förändrat hur och var vi önskar arbeta. För kontorsmarknaden har detta kommit att ge upphov till en efterfrågan på ökad flexibilitet.Syftet var att undersöka vilka aktörer som erbjuder delade arbetsytor inom kontors-hotell, var de valt att lokalisera sina kontorshotell och vilka kunder de har. Sekundärt har arbetet undersökt marknadssegmenteringen av verksamheter på olika kontorshotell, samt korrelationen mellan verksamhetsområde och digital representation. Dessutom har diskussion förts kring vilka typer av företag som skulle gynnas av lokalisering i kontorsho-tell framför traditionellt kontor. Eftersökning visade att det finns flertalet aktörer inom kontorshotell i Stockholm. Bland annat är dessa aktörerna A-E som studerades närma-re. Dessa har lokaliserat majoriteten av sina kontorshotell centralt och har en mängd olika hyresgäster. Undersökningen av marknadssegmentering och digital representation gjordes genom analys av dataset med information kring 500 av dessa hyresgäster.Resultatet visade på en marknadssegmentering där liknande verksamheter bildat kluster inom vissa kontorshotell e.g. inom finans, kommunikation media, etc. Detta kan förklaras av att respektive kontorshotell tilltalar olika kundsegment, men också av att liknande verksamheter bildar kluster genom agglomerationsfördelar. Den digital representationen visar tydligt på att vissa verksamheter är överrepresenterade. Främst gäller detta ak-törer som framhåller en tydlig profil, exempelvis inom digital innovation eller kreativt skapande. Digital representation tenderar också att vara viktigare för verksamheter med en större kundkrets. Mindre verksamheter som arbetar i enskilda kunders intresse har en lägre representation, vilket kan förklaras med att dessa drar nytta av social infrastruktur och agglomerationsfördelar som uppkommer i och med klusterbildning. Av dessa resultat framgår det att företag som är i behov av att nätverka med andra företag inom samma verksamhetsområde kan gynnas av lokalisering i kontorshotell. / The market for shared workplaces has seen a rapid growth in recent years. This can partly be explained due to the considerable growth of information technologies. These have in some ways changed how we live, but fundamentally changed how and where we wish to work. For the oÿce market this has resulted in a demand for increased flexibility.The purpose was to investigate which operators o˙er shared oÿce spaces through oÿce hotels, where they have chosen to locate their oÿce hotels and what tenants they have. Secondly, this project has investigated the market segmentation at various oÿce hotels, as well as the correlation between business area and digital representation. In addition, discussions have been held around what types of companies that would benefit from localization in oÿce hotels in favor of traditional oÿces. Research has shown that there are many operators within the market for oÿce hotels in Stockholm. Five of which were chosen to be studied in more detail. These operators have located the vast majority of their oÿce hotels within Stockholm CBD and have a great variety of tenants. The research of market segmentation and digital representation was done by analyzing a dataset with information from about 500 of these tenants.Results showed a market segmentation in which similar businesses formed clusters in some of the oÿce hotels e.g clusters in finance, public relations, media, etc. This can be explained by the fact that each oÿce hotel addresses di˙erent market segments, but also because similar businesses form clusters thru agglomerative benefits. In the case of digital representation, the result clearly shows that certain businesses are overrepresented. This is primarily the case with those who emphasize a clear profile, such as companies in digital innovation, media or communication. Digital representation also tends to be more important for activities with a larger clientele and thus take a more prominent role in clusters. Smaller activities that work in the interests of individual clients have a lower representation, which can be explained by the benefits of social infrastructure and agglomeration. These results show that companies in need of networking with other companies in the same area of business can benefit from localization in oÿce hotels.

This project examines the articulation of Mexican identities in digital narratives through a variety of genres, bringing into conversation various disciplines to present more comprehensive studies on the construction of representational paradigms, their consumption and social impact and their association with other cultural and literary texts. Deploying a multidisciplinary approach, this work articulates a theoretical framework that incorporates the fields of semiology, postcolonial theory, visual culture, urban studies, ludology, linguistic anthropology and border studies. This project analyzes the processes through which the identities of Mexican subjects and the depiction of Mexican spaces are articulated in new digital narratives in the form video games as mass culture objects, which are conceived from hegemonic loci of production, are globally consumed and have the potential to transmit deeply rooted social knowledge. Furthermore, the lack of spaces in which represented minorities may counter the stereotypical images projected forecloses dialogic processes. Through the agglomeration of different representational modules (visual units, narrative elements and linguistic portrayals) different genres impose predisposed rhetorical framework and found that the vast majority share a predetermined collection of elements that create a representational mosaic of how "Mexicanness" should be depicted and perceived. Furthermore, said digital subject representations enact cultural ideological frameworks that are imposed onto the audience, influencing meaning-formation processes. This work also analyzes the dynamics between the production, representation and consumption of videogames and traces tangents with the social and historical contexts of earlier visual media in Latin America.

Winter in Northern Sweden comes with very harsh and unpredictable condition associated with large amounts of snowfall covering roadways thereby affecting transportation by roads. When the road conditions i.e. the snow depth, road unevenness and friction of the road surface are accessed and found to exceed the threshold, a maintenance action must be carried out to retain the road to the required condition for the user. The aim of maintenance, in this case, is to make the road comfortable, safe and economical for the road user. Decision support system, therefore, comes in handy to facilitate on deciding what maintenance action to carry out and when the action should be carried out, where the action should be carried out and how to go about the action based on the various data and resources available. This thesis project concentrates on how to carry out a winter road maintenance after receiving an alert of an action to carry out, when to carry it out and the road network that needs to be maintained. The thesis work focusses only on two of the winter road maintenance actions namely snow ploughing of bus stops in Luleå and application of abrasives commonly referred to as sanding of bus stops. Carrying out winter road maintenance comes at a huge cost from both direct and indirect costs with the Swedish government spending about SEK 1.75 billion every year as indicated by Jana Sochor and Cecilia Yu (Sochor & Yu, 2004). This means that reduction in the maintenance cost of even 5% through optimisation of the maintenance cost would translate into a saving of about 87.5 million SEK per year and in 10 years could amount to close to 1 billion SEK. Optimization also leads to efficiency and effectiveness that could result in improved movement on the road and reduced environmental and social-economic impacts. Maintenance planning thus becomes essential for the effective and efficient execution of work and utilisation of the available scarce resource. This thesis project focusses on the use of Operations research methods to minimise the cost of carrying out a winter road maintenance action by finding the near optimal or if possible optimal solution and still deliver the required service level. The thesis delivers two main things: It first delivers a framework to support winter road maintenance decision making after an alert of an action is received and secondly an algorithm for the route that minimises the cost of maintenance by providing the route that minimises the travel distance of the ploughing/sanding vehicle from its source depot and back to the depot after completing a maintenance action assuming that the vehicle and material (fuel and sand) are in the same depot. The routes with minimum travel distance will, therefore, be that route that will reduce the labour time and in turn the labour cost, reduce the fuel consumption and the maintenance of the equipment due to reduced usage. The project uses a vehicle routing problem which is a generalised travelling Salesman as the optimisation technique to determine the optimal solution for the allocation of resources for carrying out a maintenance action to facilitate efficient utilisation of the available resources. This is with the help of a commercial optimisation software and support tools namely ArcGIS. To come up with the algorithm, the first step was a digital representation of the vehicle road network in Luleå for network analysis after which the bus stops were imported from google earth into the network. A two-stage optimisation was then carried out: first was a model for route optimisation based on the road network in ArcGIS with the objective function to minimise the travel distance and constraints based on the available resources. The results of ii the model were then exported into excel for the second optimisation for the optimal cost of maintenance done through a developed excel algorithm. The total cost of maintenance comprised direct and indirect cost. The direct cost consisted of the cost of fuel, the cost of personnel and the cost of hiring vehicles while the indirect cost results from the penalty fee charged for sanding and ploughing a bus stop after the threshold time given to a maintenance contractor by the municipality. Any bus stop that is ploughed after the threshold attracts a penalty per hour of the exceeded time. Six penalty threshold times were considered i.e. 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes and a single parameter deterministic sensitivity analysis was carried out for each cost parameters to determine the sensitivity of the total maintenance cost. The more relaxed penalty thresholds were found to be less sensitive to the direct cost and the total maintenance cost compared to the more sensitive ones. When the penalty threshold is relaxed, the optimal maintenance cost reduces, and the required number of vehicles reduces. The cost of vehicle hire was found to be more sensitive than the other costs. The results of this project can help the maintenance contractor in developing a work schedule for the maintenance personnel and improve vehicle fleet management. By modelling the worst scenario, a contractor can plan for the maximum number of vehicles required and consequently the personnel required. With the optimal travel route for each vehicle and the total maintenance cost determined, maintenance contractors can determine the sustainability and profitability of their business and be able to negotiate for a better and more sustainable agreement (Contract) or for the relaxation of the penalty threshold time if it does not affect the service level required i.e. the quality and safety requirements. The approach used in this project can also be used for other winter road maintenance problems.

Using an analysis of the creation of the character Dan Kelly in my play, risk, I argue that fairytale characters work as more than personage representations. They function on a big canvas for the audience; they carry large chains of association. Given this, I then propose that the human response is to infer additional meaning, meaning beyond the scope of plot and immediate character interaction - the audience infers symbolic meaning, ‘amplifying’ what is there into more. They enter a ‘generative empty space’ within the play where they infer or ‘unfold’ more meaning. In creating this ‘greater tale’, they are engaged beyond their personal ‘horizon of understanding’, and so, ‘take in’ the work through a heightened perceptual acuity. Therefore, I pursued the idea of making space for the operation of this process, of leveraging the creation of meaning around a character. My inquiry led me to believe that a powerful way to do this was through absence rather than presence and silence rather than sound; and this had a profound impact on my choice of form for Dan Kelly: he progressed, through a number of stages, from reportage to a digital representation.