abstract: The emergence and fast growth of shared workspaces have attracted increasing attention from investors, practitioners, and researchers. Overall, this industry is still at an early stage of development and the business models of shared workspace providers are still evolving. To enhance the understanding of the different business models adopted by the leading shared workspace providers, I conduct an in-depth qualitative analysis of three current market leaders - Regus, WeWork, and UrWork – using the Business Model Canvas proposed by Osterwalder (2008). My analysis suggests that shared workspace providers creates value by offering three tiers of services: (1) satisfying users’ needs for physical office spaces, (2) helping them build an enterprise eco-system, and (3) facilitating the development of a user community. I further use the PEST model to analyze how the macro-environmental factors in China and U.S. may have contributed to the development of different shared workspace business models in these two countries. Based on the above analyses, I propose a list of factors that may be critical to investors’ valuations of shared workspace companies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2018

Mit dem Begriff des eLearnings verknüpfen sich viele sehr unterschiedliche Konzepte, die auf Grund ihrer spezifischen Ausprägung häufig Grenzen für ihre Benutzung errichten. Um diese zu überwinden, wurde ein Framework konzipiert und implementiert, welches den Anspruch der Universalität in Hinblick auf Anwendungs- und Inhaltsorganisation sowie Funktionalität erhebt. In der kollaborativen eLearning-Plattform BluES erfuhr das Framework eine Beispielimplementierung. Diese diente gleichzeitig als Grundlage für die Validierung unterschiedlicher Aspekte des Frameworks. Als Ergebnis der Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass maximale Flexibilität der Anwendung durch die Systemarchitektur gewährleistet werden kann. Dadurch werden Restriktionen in der Gestaltung der Anwendungsumgebung vermieden und die Anwender bei der Detailkonzeption ihrer Arbeit flexibel unterstützt.

Mit dem Begriff des eLearnings verknüpfen sich viele sehr unterschiedliche Konzepte, die auf Grund ihrer spezifischen Ausprägung häufig Grenzen für ihre Benutzung errichten. Um diese zu überwinden, wurde ein Framework konzipiert und implementiert, welches den Anspruch der Universalität in Hinblick auf Anwendungs- und Inhaltsorganisation sowie Funktionalität erhebt. In der kollaborativen eLearning-Plattform BluES erfuhr das Framework eine Beispielimplementierung. Diese diente gleichzeitig als Grundlage für die Validierung unterschiedlicher Aspekte des Frameworks. Als Ergebnis der Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass maximale Flexibilität der Anwendung durch die Systemarchitektur gewährleistet werden kann. Dadurch werden Restriktionen in der Gestaltung der Anwendungsumgebung vermieden und die Anwender bei der Detailkonzeption ihrer Arbeit flexibel unterstützt.

During past thirty years, several models for non-linear undo models have been presented, but almost none solves undoing and redoing actions in environments, where multiple history buffers are involved and when there are causal dependencies among separate actions. This thesis focuses on developing a new model, which allows a user to select any action from any history buffer. The key part of the model is a smart command design and undo manager, which searches for dependencies and offers possible solutions to the user. The results are presented in the context of the DaemonX framework.

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Previsualization is a process within pre-production of filmmaking where filmmakers can visually plan specific scenes with camera works, lighting, character movements, etc. We developed and assess a prototype for previsualization in virtual reality for collaborative purposes where multiple filmmakers can be present in a virtual environment to share a creative work experience, remotely. The costs of computer graphics-based effects are substantial within film production, using previsualization, these scenes can be planned in detail to reduce the amount of work put on effects in the later production phase. By performing a within-group study on 20 filmmakers, our findings show that the use of virtual reality for distributed, collaborative previsualization processes is useful for real-life pre-production purposes. These results provide insights on how to best design collaborative, virtual reality-applications used for remote work, and highlights the pitfalls of certain design choices. / Previsualisering är en process inom filmskapande där filmskapare visuellt kan planera specifika scener med kamerafunktioner, belysning, karaktärsrörelser, etc. I denna uppsats utvärderas en prototyp för previsualisering i virtual reality för samarbete där flera filmskapare kan vara närvarande i en virtuell miljö för att dela ett kreativt arbete i realtid. Kostnaderna för datorgrafikbaserade effekter är betydande inom filmproduktion. I och med previsualisering kan dessa scener planeras i detalj för att minska mängden arbete som påverkar den senare produktionsfasen. Genom att utföra en studie med 20 filmskapare visar resultaten att användningen av virtual reality för distribuerade previsualiseringsprocesser för samarbete är användbart för verkliga scenarion. Dessa resultat ger insikter om hur man bäst utformar virtual reality-applikationer som kan användas för distribuerat arbete och lyfter fram fallgropar inom vissa designval.

Marknaden för delade arbetsplatser har fått se en snabb tillväxt under senare år. Delvis kan detta förklaras med den ansenliga tillväxten av informationsteknologier. Dessa har till viss del förändrat hur vi lever, men fundamentalt förändrat hur och var vi önskar arbeta. För kontorsmarknaden har detta kommit att ge upphov till en efterfrågan på ökad flexibilitet.Syftet var att undersöka vilka aktörer som erbjuder delade arbetsytor inom kontors-hotell, var de valt att lokalisera sina kontorshotell och vilka kunder de har. Sekundärt har arbetet undersökt marknadssegmenteringen av verksamheter på olika kontorshotell, samt korrelationen mellan verksamhetsområde och digital representation. Dessutom har diskussion förts kring vilka typer av företag som skulle gynnas av lokalisering i kontorsho-tell framför traditionellt kontor. Eftersökning visade att det finns flertalet aktörer inom kontorshotell i Stockholm. Bland annat är dessa aktörerna A-E som studerades närma-re. Dessa har lokaliserat majoriteten av sina kontorshotell centralt och har en mängd olika hyresgäster. Undersökningen av marknadssegmentering och digital representation gjordes genom analys av dataset med information kring 500 av dessa hyresgäster.Resultatet visade på en marknadssegmentering där liknande verksamheter bildat kluster inom vissa kontorshotell e.g. inom finans, kommunikation media, etc. Detta kan förklaras av att respektive kontorshotell tilltalar olika kundsegment, men också av att liknande verksamheter bildar kluster genom agglomerationsfördelar. Den digital representationen visar tydligt på att vissa verksamheter är överrepresenterade. Främst gäller detta ak-törer som framhåller en tydlig profil, exempelvis inom digital innovation eller kreativt skapande. Digital representation tenderar också att vara viktigare för verksamheter med en större kundkrets. Mindre verksamheter som arbetar i enskilda kunders intresse har en lägre representation, vilket kan förklaras med att dessa drar nytta av social infrastruktur och agglomerationsfördelar som uppkommer i och med klusterbildning. Av dessa resultat framgår det att företag som är i behov av att nätverka med andra företag inom samma verksamhetsområde kan gynnas av lokalisering i kontorshotell. / The market for shared workplaces has seen a rapid growth in recent years. This can partly be explained due to the considerable growth of information technologies. These have in some ways changed how we live, but fundamentally changed how and where we wish to work. For the oÿce market this has resulted in a demand for increased flexibility.The purpose was to investigate which operators o˙er shared oÿce spaces through oÿce hotels, where they have chosen to locate their oÿce hotels and what tenants they have. Secondly, this project has investigated the market segmentation at various oÿce hotels, as well as the correlation between business area and digital representation. In addition, discussions have been held around what types of companies that would benefit from localization in oÿce hotels in favor of traditional oÿces. Research has shown that there are many operators within the market for oÿce hotels in Stockholm. Five of which were chosen to be studied in more detail. These operators have located the vast majority of their oÿce hotels within Stockholm CBD and have a great variety of tenants. The research of market segmentation and digital representation was done by analyzing a dataset with information from about 500 of these tenants.Results showed a market segmentation in which similar businesses formed clusters in some of the oÿce hotels e.g clusters in finance, public relations, media, etc. This can be explained by the fact that each oÿce hotel addresses di˙erent market segments, but also because similar businesses form clusters thru agglomerative benefits. In the case of digital representation, the result clearly shows that certain businesses are overrepresented. This is primarily the case with those who emphasize a clear profile, such as companies in digital innovation, media or communication. Digital representation also tends to be more important for activities with a larger clientele and thus take a more prominent role in clusters. Smaller activities that work in the interests of individual clients have a lower representation, which can be explained by the benefits of social infrastructure and agglomeration. These results show that companies in need of networking with other companies in the same area of business can benefit from localization in oÿce hotels.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineDAD_DISSERT.pdf: 6192864 bytes, checksum: d73a4f48bd573c5b2662f8d9635518c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This research aimed to identify the link between the layout of workspaces in offices and the design strategies for environmental comfort. Strategies surveyed were focused on the thermal, visual and luminic comfort. In this research, visual comfort is related to issues of visual integration within and between the interior and exterior of the building. This is a case study conducted at the administrative headquarters of Centro Regional Nordeste do Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE-CRN), located in Natal/RN. The methodological strategy used was the Post-Occupancy Evaluation, which combined the survey data on the building (layout of workspaces, bioclimatic strategies adopted in the design, use of these strategies) with some techniques aimed at acquiring qualitative information related to users. The workspace layout is primordial to satisfaction and productivity of workers. Issues such as concentration, communication, privacy, personal identity, density and space efficiency, barriers (access, visual and even ventilation and lighting), among others, are associated with the layout. The environmental comfort is one of the essential elements to maintaining life quality in workplace. Moreover, it is an important factor in user`s perception of the space in which he or she are inserted. Both layout and environmental comfort issues should be collected and analyzed in the establishment phase of the programming step. That way, it is possible to get adequate answers to these questions in subsequent project phases. It was found that changes in the program that occurred over time, especially concerning persons (number and characteristics), resulted in changes in layout, generating high density and inflexible environments. It turns difficult to adjust the furniture to the occupants` requirement, including comfort needs. However, the presence of strategies for environmental quality provides comfort to spaces, ensuring that, even in situations not considered optimal, users perceive the environment in a positive way. It was found that the relationship between environmental comfort and layout takes the following forms: in changing the perception of comfort, depending on the layout of the arrangements; adjustments in layout, due to needs for comfort; and the elevation of user satisfaction and environmental quality due to the presence of strategies comfort even in situations of inadequate layout / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar a rela??o entre o layout dos espa?os de trabalho em escrit?rios e as estrat?gias projetuais para o conforto ambiental. As estrat?gias pesquisadas foram voltadas ao conforto t?rmico, lum?nico e visual neste caso, o conforto visual foi relacionado ?s quest?es de integra??o visual interna e entre o interior e o exterior do edif?cio. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na sede administrativa do Centro Regional Nordeste do Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE-CRN), localizada em Natal/RN. A estrat?gia metodol?gica utilizada na pesquisa foi a Avalia??o P?s-Ocupa??o, que combinou o levantamento de dados sobre o edif?cio (layout dos espa?os de trabalho, estrat?gias bioclim?ticas adotadas nos projetos, uso dessas estrat?gias) com t?cnicas voltadas para aquisi??o de informa??es qualitativas relacionadas aos usu?rios. O layout dos ambientes de trabalho ? fundamental para a satisfa??o e produtividade dos trabalhadores. Quest?es como concentra??o, comunica??o, privacidade, identidade pessoal, densidade e efici?ncia espacial, barreiras (de acesso, visuais e, at?, de ventila??o e ilumina??o), dentre outras, est?o associadas ao layout. O conforto ambiental ? um dos elementos indispens?veis para a manuten??o da qualidade de vida dos usu?rios. Al?m disso, ? um fator importante na percep??o do usu?rio em rela??o ao espa?o em que est? inserido. Tanto as quest?es relacionadas ao layout quanto ao conforto ambiental devem ser levantadas e analisadas na fase de estabelecimento do programa de necessidades. Dessa forma, ? poss?vel obter respostas adequadas a estas quest?es nas fases de projeto subsequentes. Verificou-se que mudan?as no programa ocorridas ao longo do tempo, especialmente relativas ?s pessoas (quantidade e caracter?sticas), resultaram em mudan?as no layout, geraram ambientes com densidade elevada e inflex?veis, o que dificulta a adequa??o do mobili?rio ?s necessidades dos ocupantes, inclusive de conforto. No entanto, a presen?a das estrat?gias de conforto proporciona qualidade ambiental aos espa?os, garantindo que, mesmo em situa??es n?o consideradas ideais, os usu?rios percebem o ambiente de forma positiva. Verificou-se que a rela??o entre layout e conforto ambiental se d? das seguintes formas: na altera??o da percep??o do conforto, dependendo dos arranjos no layout; nas adequa??es de layout em decorr?ncia de necessidades de conforto; e na eleva??o da satisfa??o dos usu?rios e da qualidade ambiental, devido ? presen?a de estrat?gias de conforto, mesmo em situa??es de inadequa??o do layout