Orientador: Lourdes Aparecida Martins dos Santos-Pinto / Banca: Luciane Quadrado Closs / Banca: Lídia Parsekian Martins / Resumo: O presente projeto desenvolvido em dois estudos visa avaliar: 1- a exatidão, precisão e reprodutibilidade de medições obtidas em modelos de gesso utilizando diferentes instrumentos de medidas e 2 -avaliar a influência do posicionamento da moldeira durante o tempo de presa do gesso na distorção dos modelos. Trinta modelos de gesso foram selecionados de maneira aleatória, preenchendo os seguintes requisitos de inclusão da amostra: 1)Presença dos incisivos, caninos, pré-molares e os primeiros molares permanentes em ambas as arcadas maxilar e mandibular; 2) Todos os dentes dos modelos terão que exibir morfologia normal; 3)Ausência de irregularidades no gesso proveniente de lesões cariosas e restaurações que possam afetar o diâmetro mésio-distal ou buco-lingual da coroa dentária; 4) Nenhum tratamento ortodôntico prévio. No estudo 1 as medições foram realizadas com três instrumentos: 1-Paquímetro digital da marca Mitutoyo Digimatic®, Mitutoyo (UK) Ltd, com os modelos posicionado sobre uma superfície plana; 2- Sistema MicroScribe 3DX (Immersion, San Jose, Calif): é um scanner 3D que grava a localização do ponto identificado com a extremidade de uma caneta. Colocando essa caneta em vários pontos do objeto a ser medido, o usuário pode coletar as coordenadas destes pontos e criar um modelo tridimensional. A digitalização é realizada com os modelos fixos num dispositivo preso a uma superfície plana. 3- Sistema O3d (widialabs©) no qual os modelos de gesso são escaneados utilizando-se um scanner de varredura produzindo uma imagem tridimensional. Com auxílio do software do programa os pontos a serem medidos são identificados e as medidas automaticamente registradas. As medidas lineares foram: tamanho dos dentes, trespasse horizontal, trespasse vertical, comprimento do arco, largura... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of the present work separated in two parts: 1- is to assess accuracy, precision and reproducibility of measurements obtained from plaster models by means of different instruments; 2 - evaluate the influence of tray position during the setting time of gypsum at model distortion. Thirty plaster models will be randomly chosen according to the inclusion requirements of the sample as follows: 1) Presence of incisors, canines, pre-molars and the permanent first molars in both maxillary and mandibular arches; 2) Normal morphology on every tooth of the models; 3) Absence of irregularities on the plaster due to carious lesions and restorations which may affect the mesiodistal or buccolingual diameter of the dental crown; 4) No previous orthodontic treatment. Three instruments will be used to make the measurements: 1- Mitutoyo Digimatic® digital pachymeter, Mitutoyo (UK) Ltd: position models on a flat surface and measure them manually; 2- MicroScribe 3DX System (Immersion, San Jose, Calif.) : with MicroScribe , a 3D scanner , register the location of a selected point marked with one end of a pen. By placing the pen on different points of the object to be measured, one can collect the coordinates and make a three dimensional model. Digitizing is performed by fixing the models on a device fixed on a flat surface. 3- O3d System (widialabs©): the plaster models image is scanned by means of a scanning scanner, thus creating a three dimensional image. With the help of the program software the points to be measured are identified and the measurements are automatically recorded. Linear measurements to be assessed are as follows: size of teeth, horizontal overlap, vertical overlap, arch length and arch width. From the collected data, dependability of both Little irregularity index and Bolton analysis will... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Este estudo se propõe a identificar dentre os diversos exemplos de modelos arquitetônicos da Antigüidade atualmente conhecidos pela arqueologia e descritos na literatura aqueles que podem ser caracterizados como as primeiras maquetes de arquiteto, isto é, objetos diretamente relacionados ao conhecimento, planejamento e comunicação de conteúdos arquitetônicos. O recuo à Antigüidade se faz necessário na medida em que essa dissertação se propõe a estudar as origens da relação entre modelos tridimensionais e a atividade de arquitetos na cultura ocidental. Em termos cronológicos, este estudo inicia-se cerca de 6.000 anos antes de Cristo e encerra-se no Mundo Romano (séc. V d.C.). Em termos geográficos, este estudo aborda objetos produzidos por culturas do sudeste da Europa neolítica, conjuntos de objetos de culturas do Oriente-Próximo, objetos egípcios, egeanos (cretenses e cicládicos), cipriotas, gregos, villanovianos e romanos. Essa pesquisa conclui que as evidências materiais da existência de maquetes de arquiteto na Antigüidade Clássica são raras e pouco precisas. Alguns objetos no entanto se aproximam dessa caracterização e merecem estudos futuros mais aprofundados, são eles: o conjunto de tijolos miniatura de Tepe Gawra (c. 3500 a.C.); o modelo egípcio de Dashour (1990-1730 a.C.); o modelo minóico de Arkhanes (1.700-1.630 a.C.); os modelos romanos de Óstia (séc. I a.C.), o modelo de templo de Niha (séc. II d.C.), o modelo de teatro de Baalbek (séc. II d.C.), e o modelo de stadium de Villa Adriana (séc. II d.C.). / This study intends to identify the first architects models among the several architectural models already known and presented in literature. Architects models are third-dimensional objects directly related to knowledge, planning and communication of architectural matters. Recession to Antiquity seems necessary in order to study the origins of the relation between three-dimensional model and architects work in the western world. Chronologically this study begins at 6.000 b.C. and ends at the Roman world (c. 200 a.D.). In geographical terms this study focuses objects produced by Neolithic Southeastern European cultures, Near Eastern cultures, Egyptian culture, Aegean cultures (Cretan and Cycladic), Cypriot, Greek, Villanovian and Roman cultures. Material evidences for architects models are rare and inaccurate all over Antiquity. Nevertheless some few objects are very close to architects work deserving deeper future studies: the miniature brick ensemble from Tepe Gawra (c. 3.500 a.C.); the Egyptian Dahshours model (1.990-1.730 a.C.); the minoan model of Arkhanes (1.700-1.630 a.C.) and the Roman models of Ostia (I a.C.), Niha, Baalbek and Villa Adriana (II d.C.).

The subject of my thesis is a static analysis of a different trusses of a great span length. The preface is devoted to the trusses their creation of plane models of a girder with the extent of 18 metres. The questions of construction´s joints are mainly solid. The conclusion is dedicated to the creation of the girder and joints´ formation.

No description available.

The Two Element in Series (TEIS) and Two Zone models stand out as powerful tools that enable deeper understanding of compressor stage designs after they have been tested. The insights gained from these investigations have aided in improving new stage designs. Up to now, it has only been possible to use the TEIS and Two Zone models for analysis of test data due to the inability to predict the four required input parameters for untested machines. Empirical models for the TEIS and Two Zone model input parameters, ETAa5, ETAb5, Chi5, and DELTA5p, for two different types of vaned diffusers, channel and cascade, are proposed. These models were developed with frozen impeller modeling. This is the first time that modeling the TEIS and Two Zone input parameters has been attempted for vaned diffusers and impeller-diffuser coupling was not considered in this initial investigation. The centrifugal compressor experimental data used in the model building was obtained from Concepts NREC, an industry sponsor. Each dataset provided was evaluated for quality and reliability and only the data deemed reliable were used in the model building databases. The empirical models presented are built solely on this higher quality data. Seven models are proposed for use in predicting the TEIS and Two Zone model input parameters ETAa5, ETAb5, Chi5, and DELTA5p. Models for ETAa5, ETAb5, and DELTA5p are specific to the type of vane present in the diffuser, while the model for Chi5 is common to both diffuser types. These are the first models ever built for the TEIS and Two Zone model inputs applied to channel and cascade diffusers and become a benchmark for future studies. The work with these models is not complete, however. The databases are not of a size that data could be withheld from empirical model building for the express purpose of validation. Instead the model performance is evaluated by applying all of the models, simultaneously, to the database from which they were built. The determination of the effectiveness of the combined modeling is based on the average error across the entire speedline. The models proved to be effective and a contributing step to employing such models for use in future compressor design.

Recent cooperative efforts between the University of Central Florida, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, and the South Florida Water Management District explore the development of a two-dimensional, depth-integrated tidal model for the Loxahatchee River estuary (Southeastern Florida). Employing a large-domain approach (i.e., the Western North Atlantic Tidal model domain), two-dimensional tidal flows within the Loxahatchee River estuary are reproduced to provide: 1) recommendations for the domain extent of an integrated, surface/groundwater, three-dimensional model; 2) nearshore, harmonically decomposed, tidal elevation boundary conditions. Tidal simulations are performed using a two-dimensional, depth-integrated, finite element-based code for coastal and ocean circulation, ADCIRC-2DDI. Multiple variations of an unstructured, finite element mesh are applied to encompass the Loxahatchee River estuary and different spatial extents of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIW). Phase and amplitude errors between model output and historical data are quantified at five locations within the Loxahatchee River estuary to emphasize the importance of including the AIW in the computational domain. In addition, velocity residuals are computed globally to reveal significantly different net circulation patterns within the Loxahatchee River estuary, as depending on the spatial coverage of the AIW.

No description available.

Natural streams typically have highly complex flow patterns. Velocity gradients, circulation zones, transverse flows, and other flow patterns are created in the presence of topographic features (e.g. exposed boulders, bars). How flow complexity influences a stream's ecological health and morphological stability, as well as how flow complexity responds to changes in hydrologic conditions, is poorly understood. One-dimensional (1-D) hydraulic models and two-dimensional (2-D) models that do not explicitly incorporate meso-scale topographic features are not capable of adequately reproducing the flow patterns found in channels having complex topography. Moreover, point measurements of depth and velocity, which are used to describe hydraulic conditions in habitat suitability studies, cannot be used to characterize spatially varying flow patterns of biological importance. A general methodology for incorporating meso-scale topography into 2-D hydraulic models is presented. The method provides a means of adequately reproducing spatial flows of interest to riverine researchers. The method is developed using 2-D model simulations of a reach of the North Fork of the Feather River in California. Specifically, the site is modeled with and without bathymetry data on exposed boulders found within the site. Results show that the incorporation of boulder topography and an adequately refined mesh are necessary for reproducing velocity gradients, transverse flows, and other spatial flows. These simulations are also used to develop and evaluate three spatial hydraulic metrics designed to distinguish between locations having uniform and non-uniform flow conditions. The first two metrics describe local variations in energy/velocity gradients, while the third metric provides a measure of the flow complexity occurring within an arbitrary area. The metrics based on principles of fluid mechanics (kinetic energy, vorticity, and circulation) can be computed in the field or with 2-D hydraulic model results. These three metrics, used in conjunction with detailed 2-D hydraulic model results, provide engineers, biologist, and water resource managers a set of tools with which to evaluate the importance of flow complexity within rivers. A conceptual model describing how such a tool can be used to help design channels being restored, better evaluate stream habitat, and evaluate how hydrologic changes in a watershed impact hydraulic conditions and concomitant habitat conditions is provided. / Ph. D.

An exact quantum Monte Carlo algorithm for interacting particles in the spatial continuum is extended to exploit the massive parallelism offered by graphics processing units. Its efficacy is tested on the Calogero-Sutherland model describing a system of bosons interacting in one spatial dimension via an inverse square law. Due to the long range nature of the interactions, this model has proved difficult to simulate via conventional path integral Monte Carlo methods running on conventional processors. Using Graphics Processing Units, optimal speedup factors of up to 640 times are obtained for N = 126 particles. The known results for the ground state energy are confirmed and, for the first time, the effects of thermal fluctuations at finite temperature are explored.

Provamos que o. modelo CPn-1 não permit e formação de par até terceira ordem em teoria de perturbação. A matriz-S dos modelos CPn-1 e Thirring SU(n) foi calculada em perturbação até 2 loops. O cálculo mostra que a matriz-S tem algumas diferenças em relação à esperada. Além disso calculamos a carga não local quantizada do modelo cpn-1 em teoria de perturbação renormalizada 1/n e provamos que ela não é conservada, no entanto quando fermionss são acoplados de uma maneira mínima ou supersimétrica a anomalia se cancela. / We prove that the CPn-1 model does not accomodite pair formation up to third order in perturbation theory. The S-matrix of the Cpn-1 and SU(n) Thirring models was calculated perturbatively up to 2 loops. The calculation shows that the S-matrix has some deviations from the expected exact one. Furthermore, we calculate the quantized nonlocal charge of the CPn-1 model in the framework of renormalized l/n perturbation theory and prove that it is not conserved, nevertheless when fermions are coupled in a minimal or supersymmetric way the anomaly vanishes.