Quinoxaline-functionalized, cage-annulated oxa- and thiacrown ethers have been synthesized as possible specific metal host systems. The synthesis and characterization of quinoxaline-functionalized, cage-annulated oxa- and thiacrown ethers have been described. The characterization of these host systems have been fully achieved in solution by using various techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), elemental microanalysis, and X-ray crystallographic analysis in case of one quinoxaline-functionalized, cage-annulated oxacrown ether compound. The synthesis of the diphosphine ligand 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)-N-p-tolylmaleimide (bmi) is described. The substitution of the MeCN ligands in the activated cluster 1,2-Os3(CO)10(MeCN)2 by the diphosphine ligand bmi proceeds rapidly at room temperature to furnish a mixture of bridging and chelating Os3(CO)10(bmi) isomers and the ortho-metalated product HOs3(CO)9[μ-(PPh2)C=C{PPh(C6H4)}C(O)N(tolyl-p)C(O)]. Thermolysis of the bridging isomer 1,2-Os3(CO)10(bmi) under mild conditions gives the chelating isomer 1,1-Os3(CO)10(bmi), whose molecular structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The kinetics for the ligand isomerization have been investigated by UV-vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy in toluene solution over the temperature range of 318-348 K. On the basis of kinetic data conducted in the presence of added CO and the Eyring activation parameters, a non-dissociative phosphine migration across one of the Os-Os bonds is proposed. Orthometalation of one of the phenyl groups associated with the bmi ligand is triggered by near-UV photolysis of the chelating cluster 1,1- Os3(CO)10(bmi).

Syntheses of diphosphine gold (I) complexes from gold THT and two ligands, 4, 5-bis (diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1, 3-dione (BPCD) and 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)-N-phenylmaleimide (BPPM), were done separately. The reactions happened under ice conditions followed by room temperature conditions and produced two diphosphine gold (I) complexes in moderated yield. Spectroscopic results including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystallography were used to study and determine the structures of the products formed. Moreover, X-rays of all newly synthesized diphosphine gold (I) complexes were compared with the known X-ray structures of other phosphine and diphosphine gold (I) complexes. There were direct resemblances in terms of bond length and angle between these new diphosphine gold (I) complex structures and those already published. For instance, the bond lengths and angles from the newly prepared diphosphine gold (I) complexes were similar to those already published. Where there were some deviations in bond angles and length between the newly synthesized structures and those already published, appropriate explanation was given to explain the deviation. Heterocyclic ligands bearing acetylacetonate (ACAC) side arm(s) were prepared from ethyl malonyl chloride and the heterocyclic compounds 8-hydroxylquinoline, Syn-2-peridoxyaldoxime, quinoxalinol and 2, 6-dipyridinylmethanol. The products (heterocyclic ACAC ligands) from these reactions were screened with transition metal carbonyl compounds in thermolytic reactions. The complexes formed were studied and investigated using NMR and X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, the X-ray structures of the heterocyclic ACAC ligand or ligand A and that of rhenium complex 1 were compared with similar published X-ray structures. The comparison showed there were some similarities in terms of bond length and bond angles.

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Ce manuscrit présente le développement de nouvelles diphosphines et phosphoramidites atropoisomères dissymétriques et leurs applications en catalyse énantiosélective. Dans une première partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à la synthèse de deux nouvelles diphosphines atropoisomères dépourvues de symétrie C2. Ces nouveaux ligands optiquement purs, appelés MeO-NAPhePHOS et TriMe-NAPhePHOS, possédent chacun un squelette biaryle dissymétrique obtenu par couplage intramoléculaire diastéréosélectif entre deux cycles aromatiques reliés par une agrafe chirale. L'évaluation de ces ligands dans des réactions de catalyse énantiosélectives a montré leur véritable efficacité. En effet, de très bonnnes sélectivités ont été obtenus en hydrogénation asymétrique catalysée par des complexes du ruthénium, pour la réaction d'addition-1,4 d'acides boroniques sur des cétones a,b-insaturées catalysée par des complexes du rhodium et pour la réaction de cycloisomérisation d'énynes-1,7 catalysée par des complexes du palladium. De plus, les propriétés stériques du MeO-NAPhePHOS et TriMe-NAPhePHOS ont été réalisées grâce à des calculs de modélisation moléculaire. Des tests comparatifs d'hydrogénation asymétrique réalisés avec nos deux ligands, le BINAP et le MeO-BIPHEP ont montré que les caractéristiques géométriques des diphosphines atropoisomères étaient hautement corrélées aux énantiosélectivités observées. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons utilisé l'approche synthétique développée pour l'obtention de nouveaux ligands phosphoramidites dissymétriques présentant un phosphore stéréogène. Leur évaluation en catalyse énantiosélective, comme l'hydrogénation et les additions conjuguées, a montré qu'il était indispensable de disposer de ligands énantio- et diastéréomériquement purs afin d'identifier l'espèce la plus active et sélective.

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A plethora of novel scientific phenomena and practical applications, such as solid-state molecular solar cells and other optoelectronic devices for energy harvesting and lighting technologies, have catalyzed us to synthesize novel compounds with tunable properties. Synthetic routes, single crystal structures, and spectral and materials properties are described. Reactions of Ag(I) and Cu(I) precursors with various types of ligands -- including the azolates, diimines, and diiphosphines -- lead to the corresponding complexes in high yield. Varying the metal ions, ligands, synthetic methods, solvents, and/or stoichiometric ratio can change the properties including the molecular geometry or packing structure, reactivity, photophysical and photochemical properties, semiconducting behavior, and/or porosity of the functional coordination polymers obtained. For solar cells purposes, the absorption energy can be extended from the ultraviolet (UV) region, through the entire visible (Vis) region, onto a significant portion of the near-infrared (NIR) portion of the solar spectrum with high absorption coefficients due to the infinite conjugation of Cu(I) with diimine ligands. Twenty-eight crystal structures were obtained by conventional crystal growth methods from organic solvents, whereas their bulk product syntheses also included "green chemistry" approaches that precluded the use of hazardous organic solvents. The resulting products are characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fouriertransform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV/Vis/NIR absorption/diffuse reflectance/photoluminescence spectroscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Regarding the scientific phenomena investigated, the highlighting work in this dissertation is the discovery of novel bonding/photophysical/optoelectronic properties of the following materials: a black absorber with absorption from 200- 900 nm, a very stable compound with a bright green luminescence obtained by a solventless reaction, and a novel coordination polymer showing uncommon interaction of Ag(I) with three different types of diimine ligands simultaneously.

The bite angle of a diphosphine ligand plays an important role in determining the reactivity of a transition metal complex. The coordinated dihydrogen on a transition metal center can be activated toward homolysis or heterolysis depending upon the nature of the metal center and the ancillary ligand environment. The present work deals with our investigations on the effect of the bite angle of the chelating diphosphine ligands in the chemistry of certain ruthenium hydride and dihydrogen complexes. Protonation of the ds-[Ru(H)2(dppm)(PPh3)2] (dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2) using HBF4-Et2O resulted in the dihydrogen/hydride complex trans-(Formula). This species shows dynamic exchange of the H-atom between the dihydrogen and the hydride ligands. The H-atom site exchange was studied by NMR spectroscopy. Attempts to prepare the ruthenium dihydride complexes, cis-[Ru(H)2(dppe)(PPh3)2] (dppe = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2) and cw-[Ru(H)2(dppp)(PPh3)2] (dppp = Ph2PCH2CH2CH2PPh2) with larger bite-angled diphosphines dppe and dppp were unsuccessful. Earlier work in our group on the effect of trans nitrile ligands in a series of complexes of the type (Formula)howed that the properties of the bound H2 are almost invariant with a change in the R group of the nitrile. hi an effort to compare those results with analogous ruthenium complexes bearing smaller bite-angled diphosphine, dppm, we synthesized and characterized a series of complexes of the type (Formula). We found that the properties of the bound H2 were once again invariant with a change in the R group of the nitrile. In an effort to compare the effect of having two diphosphine ligands of different bite angles with systems containing symmetrical diphosphine ligands reported by our group,3 we synthesized a series of complexes of the type (Formula). These complexes exhibit hybrid properties in comparison to systems with symmetrical diphosphine ligands in terms of spectroscopic features and chemical reactivity. Thus, the bite angle of the diphosphine ligand has a definite influence on the properties of the bound H2 ligand.

La synthèse de phosphines secondaires borane dérivées d’aminoacides ou de dipeptides, et leur application pour la préparation de ligands ou le greffage du fullerène, est décrite. Elle se fait sans racémisation avec des rendements atteignant 98%, par alkylation de phosphines borane primaires avec un dérivé γ-iodo aminoacide, dans les conditions de transfert de phase. Les diphosphines tertiaires dérivées d’aminoacides, obtenues après une seconde alkylation avec des rendements atteignant 70%, sont parmi les premiers exemples de diphosphines greffées par une liaison P-C sur la chaine latérale d’un aminoacide. Les mono et diphosphines dérivées d’aminoacides ont été testées en catalyse d’allylation ou d’hydrogénation asymétriques catalysées par des complexes de palladium ou de rhodium. D’un autre côté, un complexe de cis platine a été préparé à partir d'une diphosphine dérivée d'un aminoester. Ses propriétés cytotoxiques ont été testées sur des lignées cellulaires ovariennes cancéreuses A2780. Dans une seconde partie les phosphines secondaires borane d’aminoacides et de peptides ont été utilisées pour le greffage du fullerène, par hydrophosphination en transfert de phase. L’étude électrochimique du dérivé fullerène d’aminoester de benzyle, a permis d’établir que ce composé se décomposait par électrolyse, avec coupure de la liaison P-C, pour libérer le fullerène et la phosphine secondaire borane aminoester. Ces travaux ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour la chimie des dérivés phosphines ou fullerène d'aminoacides et de peptides. / The synthesis of secondary phosphine borane amino acids or dipeptides and their applications for the preparation of chiral ligands or for the grafting of fullerene, is described. These compounds were synthesized in good yield (up to 98%) without racemization. The principle of the synthesis is based on the alkylation of primary phosphine borane with a γ-iodo amino acid using phase transfer conditions. Tertiary diphosphine amino acids are obtained with 70% yield after a second alkylation. These compounds are one of the first examples of diphosphine grafted with a P-C bond on the side chain of amino acid. First of all, mono and diphosphine amino acid derivatives were used in asymmetric allylic substitution with palladium precursor or in asymmetric hydrogenation with rhodium precursor. In another hand, a cis platinum complex was synthesized with 60% yield from the diphosphine amino acid derivative. The cytotoxic properties of this complex were tested against human ovarian carcinogenic cell lines A2780. In the second part, the secondary phosphine borane amino acids and peptides have been used for grafting fullerene C60 by hydrophosphination using phase transfer conditions. The electrochemical study of the fullerene amino benzyl ester derivative has shown the cleavage of the P-C60 bond by electrolysis, affording the free fullerene and the secondary phosphine borane amino ester moiety. This work opens new perspectives for the chemistry of fullerene and phosphine derivatives of amino acids and peptides.

Substitution of MeCN ligands in the activated cluster Os3(CO)10(MeCN)2 by the unsaturated diphosphine ligands (Z)-Ph2PCH=CHPPh2 (cDPPEn) or 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd) proceeds rapidly at room temperature to furnish the ligand-bridged cluster 1,2-Os3(CO)10(P-P) (P-P represents cDPPEn or bpcd). Heating 1,2-Os3(CO)10(P-P) leads to the formation of the thermodynamically more stable chelating isomer 1,1-Os3(CO)10(P-P). Each compound of Os3(CO)10(P-P) has been characterized by x-ray diffraction, IR, 31P NMR and 1H NMR. Ligand isomerization kinetics have been investigated by UV-VIS and 31P NMR (for cDPPEn) or 1H NMR (for bpcd) spectroscopies. The isomerization mechanism is discussed based on the activation parameters and CO inhibition (for cDPPEn) or ligand trapping experiments (for bpcd). Thermolysis of 1,1-Os3(CO)10(bpcd) in refluxing toluene gives the hydrido cluster HOs3(CO)9[μ-(PPh2)C=C{PPh(C6H4)}C(O)CH2C(O)] and the benzyne cluster HOs3(CO)8(μ3-C6H4)[μ2,η1-PPhC=C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O)]. Photolysis of 1,1-Os3(CO)10(bpcd) using near UV light affords HOs3(CO)9[μ-(PPh2)C=C{PPh(C6H4)}C(O)CH2C(O)] as the sole product. HOs3(CO)8(μ3-C6H4)[μ2,η1-PPhC=C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O)] has been characterized in solution by IR and NMR spectroscopies. Furthermore its molecular structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Reversible C-H bond formation in HOs3(CO)9[μ-(PPh2)C=C{PPh(C6H4)}C(O)CH2C(O)] is demonstrated by ligand trapping studies to give 1,1-Os3(CO)9L(bpcd) (where L = CO, phosphine) via the unsaturated intermediate 1,1-Os3(CO)9(bpcd). The kinetics for reductive coupling in HOs3(CO)9[γ-(PPh2)C=C{PPh(C6H4)}C(O)CH2C(O)] and DOs3(CO)9[μ-(PPh2-d10)C=C{P(Ph-d5)(C6D4)}C(O)CH2C(O)] in the presence of PPh3 give rise to a kH/kD value of 0.88, whose magnitude supports the existence of a preequilibrium involving the hydride(deuteride) cluster and a transient arene-bound Os3 species that precedes the rate-limiting formation of 1,1-Os3(CO)9(bpcd). Strong proof for the proposed hydride(deuteride)/arene preequilibrium has been obtained from photochemical studies employing the isotopically labeled cluster 1,1-Os3(CO)10(bpcd-d4ortho), whose bpcd phenyl groups each contain one ortho hydrogen and deuterium atom. Equilibrium and kinetic isotope effects in the orthometallation step has been determined by 1H NMR in photochemical studies. Kinetics for the transformation from HOs3(CO)9[μ-(PPh2)C=C{PPh(C6H4)}C(O)CH2C(O)] to HOs3(CO)8(μ3-C6H4)[μ2,η1-PPhC=C(PPh2)C(O)CH2C(O)] has been studied by UV-VIS spectroscopy for which the mechanism is discussed.

Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons réalisé une étude préliminaire qui avait pour objectif d’étendre la série de complexes dinucléaires du fer [Fe2(CO)4(k2-P2N2)(μ-dithiolate)], comprenant des ligands diphosphine de type P2N2, à des complexes possédant un pont azadithiolate en vue d’étudier leur comportement en milieu acide et le rôle des différentes bases présentes dans la seconde sphère de coordination de ces composés. Les nouveaux complexes [Fe2(CO)6(k2-PPh2NR2)(μ-adtBn)] (R = Ph, Bn)) ont été obtenus par réaction entre le précurseur [Fe2(CO)6(μ-adtBn)] et les diphosphines cycliques PPh2NR2 (avec R = Ph, Bn). Ces complexes ont été caractérisés spectroscopiquement et structuralement. Nous avons aussi montré que les modes de coordination de l’anion (tcnsR)-, dans l’ensemble des complexes sont très différents et affectent, par conséquent, les réseaux cristallins d’une manière très importante. Ceci permet de dire que la longueur de la chaine alkyl de l’anion (tcnsR)- ne devrait pas être le seul paramètre structural affectant les températures de transition. Le type de groupement CN (N3, N4, N5 ou N6) intervenant dans la coordination devrait alors jouer un rôle important dans l’empilement des entités moléculaires dans le réseau cristallin et par conséquent, les interactions intermoléculaires qui sont à l’origine des caractéristiques de la transition de spin (température de transition, coopérativité,…), devraient être affectées par le mode de coordination de l’anion. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons réalisé la synthèse de notre dipolarophile à partir de la sérine et la préparation des dipôles (oxydes de nitriles). La condensation de ces derniers avec la dehydroalanine nous a permis l’obtention de nouveaux α-aminoesters isoxazoliniques. Ces nouveaux α-aminoesters isoxazoliniques ont été obtenus d’une façon très accessible, et dans des conditions douces par la réaction de cycloaddition 1,3-dipolaire. Les résultats obtenus confirment l’utilité de cette réaction comme étant une voie très efficace pour former des nouveaux isoxazolines avec des bons rendements. / In the first part of this work, we realised a preliminary study to extend the series of dinuclear iron complexes [ Fe2(CO)4 (k2-P2N2) (μ-dithiolate)], including diphosphine ligands type P2N2, to complexes having an azadithiolate bridge, in order to study their behavior in acid medium and the role of different bases present in the second coordination sphere of these compounds. The new complexes [Fe2 (CO) 6 (k2-PPh2NR2) (μ -adtBn)] (R = Ph, Bn)) were obtained by reaction between the precursor [Fe2(CO)6(μ -adtBn)] and the cyclic diphosphines PPh 2NR2 (with R = Ph, Bn). These complexes have been spectroscopically and structurally characterized. We have also showed that the anion coordination modes (tcnsR)– in all these complexes are very different and affect, consequently, crystal lattices in a very important way. This suggests that the length of the alkyl chain of the anion (tcnsR)- should not be the only structural parameter affecting transition temperatures. The type of CN grouping (N3, N4, N5 or N6) involved in the coordination should then play an important role in the stacking of molecular entities in the crystal lattice as a result the intermolecular interaction, which are the origin of the spin transition characteristics (transition temperature, cooperativeness, ...), should be affected by the coordination mode of the anion.In the second part, we have realized the synthesis of our dipolarophile from serine and the preparation of dipoles (nitrile oxides). Their condensations with dehydroalanine allowed us to newly obtain isoxazolinic α-aminoesters. These novel isoxazolinic α-aminoesters were obtained in an accessible method, and under mild conditions by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The obtained results prove the usefulness of this reaction as being a very efficient way to form new isoxazolines with good yields.