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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effets écotoxicologiques de nanoparticules de dioxyde de cérium en milieu aquatique : d’une évaluation en conditions monospécifiques à l’étude de chaînes trophiques expérimentales en microcosme / Ecotoxicological effects of cerium dioxide nanoparticles in freshwater ecosystems : from an evaluation in monospecific conditions to the study of experimental trophic chains in microcosm

Bour, Agathe 08 January 2015 (has links)
L’écotoxicité de nanoparticules de dioxyde de cérium (CeO2 NP) en milieu dulçaquicole a été évaluée à l’aide (i) d’essais monospécifiques standardisés et (ii) de chaînes trophiques expérimentales exposées en microcosme. Aucune toxicité n’a été observée chez Nitzschia palea et Chironomus riparius en conditions monopsécifiques. Une inhibition de croissance a été observée chez les amphibiens Xenopus laevis et Pleurodeles waltl., ainsi qu’une toxicité aiguë chez le xénope et une génotoxicité dose-dépendante chez le pleurodèle. Les expositions en microcosme ont mis en évidence une toxicité aiguë chez le pleurodèle, des modifications des communautés bactériennes, une diminution de la décomposition de la litière, ainsi que des effets tératogènes chez le chironome. Les effets observés varient suivant la nature des CeO2 NP étudiées. L’utilisation d’un système biologique complexe permet l’étude des mécanismes de toxicité dans des conditions plus représentatives des conditions environnementales. / The ecotoxicity of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) was studied on freshwater organisms (i) in standardized monospecific conditions and (ii) on experimental trophic chains exposed in microcosms. No toxicity was observed on Nitzschia palea and Chironomus riparius in monospecific conditions. Growth inhibition was observed on the amphibian species Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltl., as well as acute toxicity and dose-dependent genotoxicity observed on Xenopus and Pleurodeles, respectively. Microcosm experiments revealed acute effects on Pleurodeles, changes in bacterial communities, a decrease in leaf litter decomposition and teratogenicity on chironomids. The observed effects vary depending on the type of CeO2 NPs. The use of complex biological system enables the study of toxicity mechanisms in environmentally relevant conditions.
2

Evolutionary Remodeling In A Visual System Through Extensive Changes In The Synaptic Connectivity Of Homologous Neurons

Shaw, S. R., Moore, D. 01 January 1989 (has links)
The cellular mechanisms by which nervous systems evolve to match evolutionary changes occurring in the rest of the body remain largely unexplored. In a distal visual neuropil of a previously unexamined ancient dipteran family, Stratiomyidae, homologues of all of the periodic neurons known already from more recent Diptera can be recognized, occupying the same locations within the unit structure. This points to extreme developmental stasis for more than 200 million years, conserving both cell identity and position. The arborizations that some neurons make also have remained conservative, but others show marked differences between families in both size and branching patterns. At the electron-microscopical level, extensive differences in synaptic connectivity are found, some sufficient to radically redefine the systems roles of particular neurons. The findings bear out an earlier prediction that changes in the connectivity matrix linking conserved neurons may have been a major factor in implementing evolutionary change in the nervous system.
3

Sequenciamento e análise de um banco de cDNA de glândulas salivares de Rhynchosciara americana e caracterização do gene RaDup / Sequencing and analysis of a EST Bank from salivary glands of Rhynchosciara americana and characterization of the gene RaDup

Siviero, Fábio 20 April 2004 (has links)
Durante o desenvolvimento deste projeto adotou-se como estratégia o sequenciamento de ESTs, com a finalidade de encontrar mensagens relacionadas com desenvolvimento, metabolismo e principalmente amplificação/politenização em glândulas salivares de Rhynchosciara americana, um díptero (Sciarídeo) que apresenta cromossomos politênicos e amplificação gênica rigidamente regulada ao longo do desenvolvimento larval, tanto neste tecido quanto em outros. Um total de 8193 ESTs foi gerado, estas foram anotadas e categorizadas segundo os termos do Gene Ontology Consortium, proporcionando uma visão geral do status metabólico, como em um Northern eletrônico, de um ponto importante no desenvolvimento desta espécie, quando surgem amplificações gênicas específicas e a glândula salivar necessita secretar as proteínas do casulo. Outros frutos deste seqüenciamento foram a determinação de 91 polimorfismos e a criação de uma tabela de códon usage. Diversos ESTs foram identificados com potencial envolvimento com os endociclos observados neste tecido, destes, RaDup e RaMCM5 foram selecionados para estudo. Suas regiões genômicas foram isoladas e suas localizações cromossômicas foram identificadas, em relação a RaDup, toda a porção codificante de seu mensageiro e 12kb de DNA genômico contendo seu gene foram seqüenciados, revelando sua estrutura gênica. Anticorpos foram produzidos para detectar esta proteína, gerando evidências de sua participação tanto na replicação mitótica como nos endociclos presentes nas glândulas salivares. A localização cromossômica de RaDup é um dado muito interessante, pois pela primeira vez um pufe amplificado é relacionado com um gene regulatório. / In this work EST sequencing was used as strategy to find messages related to development, metabolism and polyteny/amplification in salivary glands of Rhynchosciara americana, a dipteran (Sciaridae) that shows in this tissue giant polytene chromosomes and gene amplification tightly regulated throughout development of the larvae. A total of 8193 EST sequences were generated, annotated and categorized using Gene Ontology Consortium terms, providing a general view of the metabolic status, like an electronic Northern, of an important point in development of the larvae, that shows where specific genes are amplified and the salivary gland needs to secrete the proteins to form the cocoon. Other data include determination of 91 SNPs and a statistic of codon usage. Several ESTs were identified with potential connection to endocicles, from these RaDup and RaMCM5 were selected for further studies. Both chromosomal loci were identified and genomic regions isolated, for RaDup the coding region of its mRNA and 12kb of genomic region were completely sequenced, revealing its gene structure, and antibodies were raised against this protein, making evident data about its involvement in replication in mitotic cells and in endocicles in salivary glands. About the chromosomal locus of RaDup, it becomes very interesting, because for the first time one amplified puff can be related to a regulatory gene.
4

Sequenciamento e análise de um banco de cDNA de glândulas salivares de Rhynchosciara americana e caracterização do gene RaDup / Sequencing and analysis of a EST Bank from salivary glands of Rhynchosciara americana and characterization of the gene RaDup

Fábio Siviero 20 April 2004 (has links)
Durante o desenvolvimento deste projeto adotou-se como estratégia o sequenciamento de ESTs, com a finalidade de encontrar mensagens relacionadas com desenvolvimento, metabolismo e principalmente amplificação/politenização em glândulas salivares de Rhynchosciara americana, um díptero (Sciarídeo) que apresenta cromossomos politênicos e amplificação gênica rigidamente regulada ao longo do desenvolvimento larval, tanto neste tecido quanto em outros. Um total de 8193 ESTs foi gerado, estas foram anotadas e categorizadas segundo os termos do Gene Ontology Consortium, proporcionando uma visão geral do status metabólico, como em um Northern eletrônico, de um ponto importante no desenvolvimento desta espécie, quando surgem amplificações gênicas específicas e a glândula salivar necessita secretar as proteínas do casulo. Outros frutos deste seqüenciamento foram a determinação de 91 polimorfismos e a criação de uma tabela de códon usage. Diversos ESTs foram identificados com potencial envolvimento com os endociclos observados neste tecido, destes, RaDup e RaMCM5 foram selecionados para estudo. Suas regiões genômicas foram isoladas e suas localizações cromossômicas foram identificadas, em relação a RaDup, toda a porção codificante de seu mensageiro e 12kb de DNA genômico contendo seu gene foram seqüenciados, revelando sua estrutura gênica. Anticorpos foram produzidos para detectar esta proteína, gerando evidências de sua participação tanto na replicação mitótica como nos endociclos presentes nas glândulas salivares. A localização cromossômica de RaDup é um dado muito interessante, pois pela primeira vez um pufe amplificado é relacionado com um gene regulatório. / In this work EST sequencing was used as strategy to find messages related to development, metabolism and polyteny/amplification in salivary glands of Rhynchosciara americana, a dipteran (Sciaridae) that shows in this tissue giant polytene chromosomes and gene amplification tightly regulated throughout development of the larvae. A total of 8193 EST sequences were generated, annotated and categorized using Gene Ontology Consortium terms, providing a general view of the metabolic status, like an electronic Northern, of an important point in development of the larvae, that shows where specific genes are amplified and the salivary gland needs to secrete the proteins to form the cocoon. Other data include determination of 91 SNPs and a statistic of codon usage. Several ESTs were identified with potential connection to endocicles, from these RaDup and RaMCM5 were selected for further studies. Both chromosomal loci were identified and genomic regions isolated, for RaDup the coding region of its mRNA and 12kb of genomic region were completely sequenced, revealing its gene structure, and antibodies were raised against this protein, making evident data about its involvement in replication in mitotic cells and in endocicles in salivary glands. About the chromosomal locus of RaDup, it becomes very interesting, because for the first time one amplified puff can be related to a regulatory gene.

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