O setor sucroenergético é um dos mais dinâmicos do país. Ao longo dos últimos 10 anos, este setor tem passado por sucessivas transformações, que incluem diferentes ciclos de desenvolvimento e crise, a conquista de novos mercados e o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Independente dessas recorrentes mudanças de cenário, algo parece estar sempre presente nessa indústria, a saber: a capacidade de atrair empresas estrangeiras de diversos países e setores da economia. Nesse contexto, esta importante agroindústrial do Brasil tem vivenciado uma forte evolução da presença do capital estrangeiro. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e compreender a evolução desse processo, buscando identificar: quais tipos de empresa tem realizado investimentos diretos estrangeiros no setor, quais são suas principais motivações e quais são os fatores que possivelmente influenciam as decisões quanto às estratégias de entrada. Para tanto, são utilizadas, como referencial teórico, as principais teorias que tratam dos objetivos e estratégias de entrada do investimento direto estrangeiro. Estas, por sua vez, são contrastadas com os dados secundários, coletados por meio de uma pesquisa documental, e os dados primários, coletados por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com 5 reconhecidos especialistas do setor. Por fim, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa que pretende contribuir para a melhor compreensão do fenômeno de entrada de investimentos diretos estrangeiros no setor sucroenergético e estimular a realização de novas pesquisas sobre o tema. / The sugarcane industry is one of the most dynamic in the country. Over the past 10 years, it has undergone successive transformations, which include different cycles of prosperity and crisis, and the development of new markets and of new product. Regardless of these recurring changes of scenery, something seems to be always present in this industry, namely the ability to attract foreign companies from different countries and industries. In this context, this important agribusiness in Brazil has experienced a strong evolution of the presence of foreign capital. This paper aims to analyze and understand the evolution of this process, seeking to identify what kinds of firms have made foreign direct investments in the sector, what are their motivations and what are the factors that possibly influence the decisions regarding the entry strategies. For this purpose, the major theories that address the objectives of FDI and its entry strategies are used as theoretical base. Thereafter, their assumptions are contrasted with the secondary data collected through documentary research, and primary data collected through in-depth interviews with five recognized industry experts. Finally, it is an exploratory and qualitative research that aims to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of inflows of foreign direct investment in the sugarcane industry and to stimulate the creation of new research on the topic.

Diploma thesis on the Investment and Commercial Opportunities for our Enterprises in Selected Territories deals with gradual internalization of Czech enterprises. Author aims to describes development of OFDI in connection with development of IFDI. The work attempts to find out whether the Czech OFDI development corresponds with concept "Investment Development Path" (IDP). Risks of dual economy are also regarded. In the next part the thesis is concerned with need of international supporting policy and its institutional assurance. The last part focuses on investment and commercial opportunities of our enterprises in present and mainly prospective markets. Czech production used to be very well-known in these markets and still has good reputation.

My diploma thesis is focused on the issue of investment incentives in the Czech Republic. The first part includes a study of the literature, especially on the issues of foreign direct investments and related investment incentives. The next part is dedicated to influence of foreign direct investments on macroeconomic indicators and also to the evolution of investment incentives in the Czech Republic. The main part of the thesis studies the fiscal effectiveness of the investment incentives by the chosen multinational companies operating in the Czech Republic, especially from the income and expense side of the state budget. In particular, incomes and expenses by the chosen companies during a five year period after first drawing of investment incentives are compared.

<p>Predmet istraživanja u disertaciji je analiza uticaja investicija na<br />transformaciju i poslovne aktivnosti preduzeća sa posebnim akcentom na<br />istraživanje performansi primene modela investiranja, a u funkciji efektivnog i<br />efikasnog procesa transformacije preduzeća.<br />Op&scaron;ti cilj je utvrđivanje performansi investicija, odnosno uticaja investicija na<br />tok i efekte transformacije i poslovne aktivnosti preduzeća u Republici Srbiji.<br />Rezultat istraživanja je da su strane direktne investicije u države regiona od<br />zanemarljivog indirektnog značaja za berzu Republike Srbije, a samim tim i<br />za ekonomski rast Republike Srbije.</p> / <p>The subject of research in the dissertation is the analysis of the impact of investments<br />on transformation and business activities of the company with special emphasis on the<br />research of the performance of the application of the investment model, as a function<br />of effective and efficient process of transformation of the company.<br />The overall objective is to determine the performance of investments, that is, the<br />impact of investments on the flow and effects of transformation and business activities<br />of companies in the Republic of Serbia.<br />The result of the research is that foreign direct investments in the countries of the<br />region are of negligible indirect importance for the stock exchange of the Republic of<br />Serbia, and therefore for the economic growth of the Republic of Serbia.</p>

The purpose of this research is to generalise the results of the 2000-2010 period development of the Swedish real estate market for FDI and provide a better understanding of it from the point of view of foreign investors. The approach used in the thesis was based on deductive method assuming previous theory and research. Quantitative data relies on both scientific and media sources, qualitative empirical data – on questionnaires filled in by companies involved in real estate FDI process. The study addresses the changes of macro and micro economical issues, cultural, political, geographical patterns, changes of market characteristics, investor preferences and provides an overview of both classical investment theories and FDI theories. The results of current research show that within the indicated 10-year period the major changes in the Swedish property market where: increased difficulties with obtaining finance, higher selectiveness when choosing investment objects, increased use of structured deals, greater importance of diversification, decreased risk and yield levels. The thesis originates from the prior research in the field by KTH scholars - Axelsson, Victrorin (1999), O’Connor (2003) and Falk, Olsén (2009). The main contribution of the current research is adding to the knowledge about real estate FDI and quantifying the changes during the long time-horizon – 2000-2010 period considering both "economical rationale" and "behaviour rationale". Present research may be useful for further investigations in the property FDI area, can provide information for foreign investors about the historical development of the Swedish market and be helpful for analyzing or choosing FDI market strategy.

During the last 20 years there has been a rapid increase of Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa. Through examination of published research, we discover that Chinese FDI does not appear to clearly follow traditional assumptions of FDI. Especially in relation to economic freedom. This uncertainty, combined with lacking empirical research and limited available data in the region, led us to the aim of this work. We have set out to examine whether economic freedom is a determinant of Chinese FDI in Africa. For this purpose, a biennial panel data study for the years 2009 to 2019 was constructed. Fixed effects models using indices for economic freedom and relevant control variables are employed. The results show that economic freedom as defined by the Fraser Institute has a negative effect on Chinese FDI. Further, high levels of regulation reduces Chinese FDI. These findings stand in contrast to traditional theory on FDI determinants.

This thesis evaluates traditional real estate diversification strategy by region and by property type. Additionally, it provides common risk measures - reduction of total risk and tracking error. The main contribution is twofold. First, it extends the coverage of common real estate research to the area of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. To our knowledge, this is the first study of this kind on the local market. Second, this thesis accounts for non-divisibility of ownership. This is a specific attribute of real estate, which may deteriorate investors' efforts for optimal allocation. Researchers' methods depart from Capital Asset Pricing Model. Evaluation techniques include efficient and pseudo-efficient frontiers, quantiles of total risk and tracking error, both as a function of portfolio size and portfolio value. Main findings include: (i) there is no strictly superior strategy, but there is a difference for specific subcategories, (ii) impartible ownership decreases risk-adjusted performance, this might be partially overcome by leverage, (iii) diversification is costly and index tracking is hardly possible. JEL Classification C22, C61, G12, R33 Keywords real estate diversification, direct investments, risk, ownership non-divisibility Title Traditional Real Estate Portfolio Diversification and...

This thesis explores the relations between foreign policy and the internationalization of Brazilian firms. The main argument is that, since the 2000s, Brazil has benefited from the activities of national companies abroad to project itself internationally. In addition, foreign policy has been an intermediary instrument to foster business opportunities and to protect Brazilian multinationals against political risks. Our argument begins by recovering the relationship between state and business in Brazil and the way companies were considered not only on its connections with governmental institutions, but also as part of the development policies since the 1930s. We analyze how Brazilian multinationals became a central agent of Brazil\'s international political strategy and what are the consequences on the internationalization strategies. To measure the international involvement of countries, we developed the Foreign Policy Index, a tool that allowed us to evaluate some of the most important interpretations of changes in Brazil\'s foreign policy between 1998 and 2014. This index consists in information about the convergence in diplomatic positions, participation in international cooperation projects, among other data depicting countries\' foreign policy activities. With this, it was possible to demonstrate the relevance of domestic and systemic political factors to changes in the orientation of foreign policy. Finally, we argue that foreign policy should be considered in the international business literature in order to better understand business decisions while internationalizing. Exploring the Brazilian case, we found evidence that foreign policy played an important role in locational decisions of Brazilian outward direct investments. / Esta tese explora as relações entre a política externa e a internacionalização de empresas brasileiras. O principal argumento é que, desde os anos 2000, o Brasil tem se beneficiado das atividades de suas empresas no estrangeiro para se projetar internacionalmente. Além disso, a política externa tem sido instrumento intermediador de oportunidades de negócios e que protege multinacionais brasileiras contra os riscos políticos. Nossa argumentação começa recuperando o percurso das relações entre Estado e empresariado no Brasil e o modo como as empresas foram consideradas, tanto em contato com as instituições governamentais quanto como parte das políticas de desenvolvimento a partir da década de 1930. Analisamos como as multinacionais brasileiras se tornaram um agente central da estratégia política internacional do Brasil e quais foram as consequências sobre seu padrão de internacionalização. Para medir o envolvimento internacional dos países, desenvolvemos o Índice de Política Externa, uma ferramenta que nos permite avaliar algumas das mais importantes interpretações sobre as mudanças na política externa do Brasil entre 1998 e 2014. Este índice é composto por informações sobre convergência em posições diplomáticas, participação em projetos de cooperação internacional, entre outras. Com isso, é possível demonstrar a contribuição de fatores políticos, domésticos e sistêmicos, para mudanças na orientação da política externa. Finalmente, sugerimos que a política externa deve ser levada em consideração na literatura de negócios internacionais para entender melhor as decisões das empresas enquanto se internacionalizam. Explorando o caso brasileiro, encontramos evidências de que a política externa desempenhou um papel importante nas decisões de localização dos investimentos brasileiros no exterior.

Abstract Attracting foreign investments to the economy in a large scale pursues long-term strategic goals for creating civilized, socially-oriented society in Uzbekistan, which is characterized by a high standard of living based on mixed economy. For stabilizing the economy and for improving the investments climate, it is necessary to take a number of arrangements, which will target on forming general terms of development of civilized market relations as well as on special conditions relating directly to problem solving -- how to attract the foreign investments. When analyzing the investment process in Uzbekistan, it is possible to say that the extent of attracting and efficiency of using the foreign investments on the national level as well on the regional levels very often depends upon the abilities to establish relevant legal and economic conditions within each phase of the development of the society. It is essential for Uzbekistan to try to attract foreign investments, which would help and support the development of the domestic industry and contribute to implementation of advanced technologies. Therefore volume of business exchange between the enterprises with foreign investments and Uzbek enterprises serves as a criterion for evaluation of successful attraction of foreign investments. We assume that positives brought by the involvement of foreign enterprises in the Uzbek market, must lie predominantly in using technologies for processing raw materials, which Uzbekistan is very rich in. Policy of monetary exchange rates is an important part of the reform programs realized in transformed economy of Uzbekistan. This policy is crucial for improvement of relative prices, restoration of price stability and for opening national markets to international business -- markets, which were closed so far. Nonexistent convertibility of domestic currency is a reason for decreasing the volume of investments within the country. It is therefore necessary to introduce liberalization of the monetary market and open a seamless access of the businesses to hard currencies. Issues of investment image of Uzbekistan are closely related to the problem of openness of the national economy, which under the current conditions become extremely meaningful.

In Turkey, the trade regime has been liberalized to some extent after Resolutions of 24 January 1980, and Turkey started to implement export-led trade strategies. As a part of these policy instruments, the Free Zones Law was published in the Official Gazette in 1985. Following various amendments in the Law, objectives of free zones have been defined as &ldquo / promoting export-oriented investment and production, accelerating the entry of foreign investment and technology, directing enterprises to export and improving international trade&rdquo / . Within this context, the purpose of this study is to explore the economic impacts of free zones and analyze the free zone firms&rsquo / perceptions on the success of free zones by assessing to what extent the establishment objectives of the free zones in Turkey have been realized.