My thesis aims to unobscure the ideology of wasting through embodied storytelling, philosophical inquiry, and sociopolitical history. In particular, I take the trashcan as a material representation of an "edge of externalization" --a concept I explore throughout this thesis to describe the edges beyond which waste management networks, strategies, and failures become visible. These edges offer spaces to critically engage with the inevitabilities backed into a wasting ideology that necessitates the disconnection between nature/society. Therefore, these edges offer spaces to understand and transform the alienation of our human nature. The human relationship to waste and to the trashcans in our homes is a familiar story hidden by strategic pedagogies of obfuscation. This project seeks to replace dominant behaviorist pedagogies with an alternative "compost pedagogy," which emphasizes a process of becoming through the transformation of the trashcan. Through a reflexive and creative process, the thesis explores my personal experiences with waste in the hope that my stories will not only unobscure global systems of wasting, but that my stories of unlearning, mending, and reimagining wasting will resonate with many lived experiences. / Master of Science / The purpose of this thesis is to explore the role of the trashcan as a waste management technology within our homes and use stories about alternative experiences of waste and waste management to challenge the normative narratives surrounding waste. I use the trashcan as a spectacle to understand the history of how material disposability arose in the twentieth century and as a way to understand the systems of our world most informed by the practices of waste and wasting. Using the lens of pedagogy, I aim to unobscure the dominant and oppressive education and infrastructure surrounding wasting and propose an alternative form of pedagogy I identify throughout my thesis as the compost pedagogy.

This research intends to propose and analyze an integrated algorithm for ATM networks. The integrated algorithm can be divided into three separate policies: buffer management policy, transmission po1icy, and discard policy. The buffer management policy is presented by previous publications, thus not analyzed in this research. The objective of the transmission policy is to minimize the conflicting goals of minimizing delay and 1-point cdv at an ATM node, while the objective of the discard policy is to distribute loss fairly among connections. The transmission policy utilizes the time-varying priority concept to assign a priority index to each connection in an ATM node. A priority index of a connection is the weighted sum of the scaled time-varying priorities associated with delay and 1-point cdv for the cell waiting at the head of the connection's queue. The set of priority indices from all connections gives an indication of relative urgency for connections to transmit cells. Thus, the selection of a connection to transmit a cell is simply to choose the connection with the highest urgency as indicated by its priority index. The discard policy tries to allocate loss of cells fairly among connections. A two-stage approach is proposed. Stage one involves the use of a modified version of generic cell rate algorithm (MGCRA) to enforce incoming cell rates compliance from all connections. Stage two implements a rotation index scheme such that the long term pair-wise cell loss ratios among connections approach the pair-wise ratios of the aliocated-CLR's (ACLR). The behavior of these two policies under Bernoulli distribution arc studied and analyzed. A theoretical approximation approach is developed to find the wait time and the cdv-count distributions for a two-connection system example. Simulation is used to studied these two policies under various conditions. / Master of Science

Stahldrahtseile haben sich aufgrund ihrer hohen Bruchkraft und Betriebssicherheit sowie langjähriger Erfahrungen als Übertragungs-, Verbindungs- und Sicherheitselemente in intermittierenden Förderern, wie Kranen und Aufzügen etabliert. Sie weisen jedoch Nachteile, wie hohe Eigenmasse, geringe Biegeelastizität und Korrosionsempfindlichkeit auf. Steigende Anforderungen an ein energieeffizientes und ressourcenschonendes Betreiben von technischen Anlagen erfordern zunehmend neue Materialien, Technologien und Verfahren. Demzufolge rücken auch textile Maschinenelemente in Form von HM-HT-Faserseilen (engl.: high modulus - high tenacity) in den Fokus der Betrachtungen. Diese bieten aufgrund ihres günstigen Bruchkraft-Masse-Verhältnisses eine vielversprechende Alternative zu den Stahldrahtseilen. Mit den wachsenden Innovationen gehen jedoch auch neue Schadensfälle einher, da es an Erfahrungswerten und Langzeitstudien textiler Zug- und Tragmittel fehlt. Das umfassende Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Forschungsstand hinsichtlich des Verschleiß- und Alterungszustandes und Einflussgrößen auf die Lebensdauer und Kriterien zur Ablegereifeerkennung hochfester Faserseile zu erweitern. Hierfür wurde eine Herangehensweise zur Schadensanalyse sowie eine Kategorisierung von Schadensarten, Schadensursachen, Verschleiß- und Alterungserscheinungen von Faserseilen erarbeitet. Weiterhin erfolgte die Entwicklung neuer Prüfmethoden zur Ermittlung des Gebrauchszustandes der Lebensdauer und Ablegekriterien von laufenden Faserseilen auf Basis spezifischer visueller Verschleißerscheinungen sowie elektrisch leitfähiger Merkmale der Faserseile. / Steel wire ropes have a high breaking strength and operational reliability as well as many years of experience. For these reasons steel wire ropes are used as transmission, connection and safety elements in intermittent conveyors, such as cranes and elevators. However, they have disadvantages such as high intrinsic mass, low bending elasticity and corrosion sensitivity. Increasing demands on energy-efficient and resource-efficient operation of technical systems require new materials, technologies and processes. Therefore, textile machine elements such as HM-HT fibre ropes (high modulus - high tenacity) are also in the focus of considerations. Due to their favorable breaking force-mass ratio fibre ropes offer a promising alternative to the steel wire ropes. However, new cases of damage also go hand in hand with the growing innovations. It lacks on experience and long-term studies of textile tensile elements. The aim of this study is to extend the state of research regarding of wear and ageing phenomena as well as influencing factors of the lifetime and discard criteria for high-strength fibre ropes. For these reasons an approach of a damage analysis for fibre ropes worked out. Furthermore new test methods to determine the state of use and define discard criteria of running fibre ropes developed and carried out.

The objectives of this study were to measure injuries and impairments directly observed from gags Mycteroperca microlepis caught and released within a large-scale recreational fishery, develop methods that may be used to rapidly assess the condition of reef fish discards, and estimate the total portion of discards in the fishery that suffer latent mortality. Fishery observers were placed on for-hire charter and headboat vessels operating in the Gulf of Mexico from June 2009 through December 2012 to directly observe reef fishes as they were caught by recreational anglers fishing with hook-and-line gear. Fish that were not retained by anglers were inspected and marked with conventional tags prior to release. Fish were released in multiple regions over a large geographic area throughout the year and over multiple years. The majority of recaptured fish were reported by recreational and commercial fishers, and fishing effort fluctuated both spatially and temporally over the course of this study in response to changes in recreational harvest restrictions and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Therefore, it could not be assumed that encounter probabilities were equal for all individual tagged fish in the population. Fish size and capture depth when fish were initially caught-and-released also varied among individuals in the study and potentially influenced recapture reporting probabilities. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to control for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture reporting events so that relative survival among fish released in various conditions could be compared. A total of 3,954 gags were observed in this study, and the majority (77.26%) were released in good condition (condition category 1), defined as fish that immediately submerged without assistance from venting and had not suffered internal injuries from embedded hooks or visible damage to the gills. However, compared to gags caught in shallower depths, a greater proportion of gags caught and released from depths deeper than 30 meters were in fair or poor condition. Relative survival was significantly reduced (alpha (underline)<(/underline)0.05) for gags released in fair and poor condition after controlling for variable mark-recapture reporting rates for different sized discards among regions and across months and years when individual fish were initially captured, tagged and released. Gags released within the recreational fishery in fair and poor condition were 66.4% (95% C.I. 46.9 to 94.0%) and 50.6% (26.2 to 97.8%) as likely to be recaptured, respectively, as gags released in good condition. Overall discard mortality was calculated for gags released in all condition categories at ten meter depth intervals. There was a significant linear increase in estimated mortality from less than 15% (range of uncertainty, 0.1-25.2%) in shallow depths up to 30 meters, to 35.6% (5.6-55.7%) at depths greater than 70 meters (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.917). This analysis demonstrated the utility of the proportional hazards regression model for controlling for potential covariates on both the occurrence and timing of recapture events in a large-scale mark-recapture study and for detecting significant differences in the relative survival of fish released in various conditions measured under highly variable conditions within a large-scale fishery.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:49:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guimaraes_rfa_me_ilha.pdf: 2262303 bytes, checksum: 5b02ef57986a43b0710df7b64c4e2056 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A proposta deste trabalho é analisar o comportamento de transformadores de distribuição trifásicos após a recuperação estudando suas perdas elétricas fixas e variáveis tomando-se o transformador como uma unidade consumidora para demonstrar a viabilidade econômica da reforma, principalmente àquelas que não alteram o núcleo. Foram utilizados os ensaios de rotina de uma empresa recuperadora para uma importante concessionária de distribuição de energia. Este trabalho também faz uma recomendação sobre o descarte deste material segundo conceitos ambientais para uma melhor utilização dos recursos naturais. É importante mencionar o fato que muitos dos transformadores analisados operam a mais de 20 anos. A recuperação permite as concessionárias fornecer energia elétrica para consumidores residenciais e rurais de baixa renda mediante um pequeno investimento na construção de novas linhas de distribuição / The purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of three-phase distribution transformers when submitted to recovery, taking into consideration fixed and variable electric losses considering the transformer as a consumer unit to demonstrate the economical feasibility, especially those that do not modify the core. It has been used routine tests data obtained from a company that recover for an important power deliver. This paper also deals with the disposal of the material considering environmental concerns, for a better use of natural resources. It is important to mention the fact that many transformers have already operated for more than 20 years. The recover allows the deliver to provide energy to residential or rural low-income consumer through a low investment with the construction of new electric power grid

This document elaborates on the subject of video interlacing and its removal. It describes the interlacing of video, its history and the reasons that led to its use. The document also explains why it is necessary to remove interlacing and the basic methods that are used for it. It describes the proposed deinterlacing algorithm and its implementation, including description of inpainting and block matching. Included are also test results of both quality and speed of my deinterlacing algorithm. The final chapter describes the implementation as a console application and a DLL library.

aus dem INhalt: 'Das Konzept Nachhaltigkeit hält Einzug in alle Lebensbereiche und wird zur Bedingung von Zukunftsszenarien aller Art. Am eindrücklichsten lässt sich das Thema im Design am Phänomen Müll vermitteln. Die gemeinsame Auseinandersetzung mit dem Entwerfen und Wegwerfen von Artefakten ist wegweisend für ein Nachhaltiges Design. Müll ist dabei ein gesellschaftliches und organisationales Konzept, und eine physische Erscheinung, welche ich nutze, um Nachhaltigkeit im Design zu vermitteln. Müll wird bisher im Design vornehmlich als ein technologisches Problem behandelt.

Resumo: O experimento foi conduzido no intuito de avaliar ovelhas de descarte abatidas em diferentes estágios fisiológicos e terminadas em confinamento, quanto aos rendimentos de carcaça e seus cortes, assim como dos percentuais de cada não componente da carcaça e o resultado econômico da preparação destes animais para abate. Utilizou-se 21 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês, com idade média de seis anos, que foram distribuídas nos respectivos tratamentos: OL = ovelhas que permaneceram por 60 dias em lactação com seus respectivos cordeiros e abatidas um dia após o desmame dos mesmos; OSC = ovelhas que permaneceram por 60 dias em lactação com seus respectivos cordeiros e mais um período aproximado de 30 dias sem os cordeiros, no intuito de recuperar o peso corporal perdido durante o período de amamentação e posteriormente abatidas; e ONP = ovelhas que permaneceram por 60 dias em confinamento e que não pariram durante o ano. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa evidenciaram que as ovelhas do ONP apresentaram maiores rendimentos de carcaça quente (45,00%) e fria (44,73%) em comparação às fêmeas do OL (40,80% e 40,66%). O rendimento verdadeiro foi próximo entre as fêmeas dos diferentes tratamentos, com valor médio de 50,10%. Os rendimentos dos cortes da carcaça (paleta, pescoço, costelas, lombo e perna) foram similares entre todas as ovelhas abatidas nas distintas condições fisiológicas, com valores médios de 18,78%, 9,34%, 27,36%, 7,77%, e 34,70%, respectivamente. Os rendimentos dos não componentes da carcaça foram similares entre as ovelhas abatidas em diferentes estágios fisiológicos, com exceção dos valores do fígado, do sangue, do úbere e da gordura interna. O resultado econômico foi positivo para todos os tratamentos experimentais, no entanto o melhor retorno financeiro foi obtido para os animais do tratamento OSC e o pior para os do tratamento ONP. / Abstract: The experiment was carried out aiming to evaluate discard ewes slaughtered in different physiological stages and terminated in confinement, as for carcass yields and its cuts, as well as the percentages of each non-component of the carcass and the economical result of the preparation of these animals for slaughtering. 21 Santa Inês ewes were used, with average age of six years old, distributed into the following treatments: EL = ewes which remained in lactation for 60 days with their respective lambs and slaughtered one day after weaning of the lambs; EWL = ewes that remained in lactation for 60 days with their respective lambs and other 30 days approximately without lambs, aiming to recover lost body weight during breastfeeding, and, subsequently, slaughtered; and ENC = ewes that remained in confinement for 60 days and did not deliver during the year. The results obtained in this research showed that ewes from ENC presented higher hot (45.00%) and cold (44.73%) carcass yields, compared to females from EL (40.80% and 40.66%). True yield was proximate between females from the different treatments, with average value of 50.10%. Carcass cuts (shoulderblade, neck, ribs, loin and leg) yields were similar among all ewes slaughtered in the distinct physiological conditions, with average values of 18.78%, 9.34%, 27.36%, 7.77% and 34,70%, respectively. Carcass non-components yields were similar among ewes slaughtered in different physiological stages, except for liver, blood, udder values and internal fat. The economical result was positive for all experimental treatments; however, the best financial return was obtained for animals from treatment EWL and the worst for animals from treatment ENC. / Orientador: André Mendes Jorge / Coorientador: Hirasilva Borba Alves de Souza / Banca: Francisco de Assis Fonseca de Macedo / Banca: Nivea Maria Bracacci Lopes Zeola / Banca: Cledson Augusto Garcia / Banca: Ciniro Costa / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:42:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2141668 bytes, checksum: b7f9269723d229ff78c781b127e1558b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Data from the herd of goat industry, Federal University of Viçosa were used to evaluate the factors that influence milk production on the control (PLDC) and content of the Milk constituents (percentages of protein, fat, lactose and total solids in days of collection) in dairy goats fitness, define the best model of random regression using Legendre polynomials orthogonal to the first lactation in Alpine goats and check the effect of different control intervals (7, 14, 21 and 28 days) on genetic evaluation of Alpine goats. The editing of the data was performed using the SAS program, recoding and correction of the pedigree was made using the program RENPED. The program WOMBAT was used in all genetic evaluations. The program RENPED was used to calculate the area under the curve of breeding values for ranges from 7 to 210 and 7 to 290 days of production, resulting accumulated genetic values, A210 and A290 respectively. The Pearson and Spearman correlations were obtained using the SAS program. It was concluded that there is variation in the factors that significantly influenced each trait studied and each race. In genetic evaluation using random regression models, it is recommended to use only the covariate age of dam at kidding, avoiding the use of fixed effect of birth order. The random regression model using orthogonal Legendre polynomials more suitable for genetic evaluation of Alpine goat breed used was fixed regression of order 4, the regression of additive genetic effects of order 2, the regression of permanent environmental effects of order 7 and at least Five classes of residual variance. The prior study of the best model for genetic evaluation of a herd is very important to increase the precision and accuracy of the analysis. Range of controls to evaluate the milk production of Alpine goat breed using random regression models, must be seven days for breeding and improvement programs with high technical level. / Dados do rebanho do setor de caprinocultura da Universidade Federal de Viçosa foram utilizados para avaliar os fatores que influenciam a produção de leite no dia do controle (PLDC) e teor dos constituintes do leite (porcentagens de proteína, gordura, lactose e extrato seco total no dia da coleta) em caprinos de aptidão leiteira, definir o melhor modelo de regressão aleatória, utilizando polinômios ortogonais de Legendre, para primeira lactação de cabras Alpinas e verificar o efeito de diferentes intervalos de controle (7, 14, 21 e 28 dias) sobre a avaliação genética de cabras Alpinas. A edição dos dados foi feita utilizando o programa SAS, a recodificação e correção de erros do pedigree foi feita utilizando o programa RENPED. O programa WOMBAT foi utilizado em todas as avaliações genéticas. O programa RENPED foi utilizado para calcular a área abaixo da curva de valores genéticos dos animais para intervalos de 7 a 210 e 7 a 290 dias de produção, gerando os valores genéticos acumulados, a210 e a290 respectivamente. As correlações de Pearson e Spearman foram obtidas utilizando o programa SAS. Concluiu-se que existe variação quanto aos fatores que influenciaram significativamente cada característica estudada e cada raça. Em avaliações genéticas, utilizando modelos de regressão aleatória, recomenda-se a utilização apenas da covariável idade da cabra ao parto, evitando o uso do efeito fixo de ordem de parto. O modelo de regressão aleatória utilizando polinômios ortogonais de Legendre mais indicado para avaliação genética dos caprinos da raça Alpina utilizados, foi regressão fixa de ordem 4, a regressão de efeitos genéticos aditivos de ordem 2, a regressão de efeitos de ambiente permanente de ordem 7 e ao menos 5 classes de variância residual. O estudo do melhor modelo de análise previamente à avaliação genética de um rebanho é imprescindível para aumentar a precisão e acurácia das análises. Intervalos de controles para avaliar a produção de leite de caprinos da raça alpina utilizando modelos de regressão aleatória, devem ser de sete dias para programas de melhoramento e criatórios com alto nível de tecnificação.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ronaldo_muller.pdf: 577514 bytes, checksum: 72b63749cdd61f0d1540bd0c31c69bcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-16 / The present study aimed to analyze the efficiency of production, processing and marketing of soybean seeds at COTRIPAL AGROPECUÁRIA COOPERATIVA, the unit of Vila Arco Íris, in the city of Panambi, RS, from the period between the harvests of 2004/2005 to 2008/2009. For this we analyzed the historical data and information regarding the area inscribed, approved area, prediction of reception, quantity received, benefit amount, amount approved, amount traded within and outside the state and the percentage of participation of companies in the seed companies produced and marketed. The results show low efficiency in the percentage of approval of the area inscribed, with a mean period of 74.69% of the approved area. The efficiency of the reception obtained an average result of 62.75% and the improvement in the average yield was 57.14%. For the seed examined by the laboratory, the approval was 96.08%. And relating to the marketing the average of the period analyzed was 75.42% and the sales volume, 95.16% was sold within the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In relation to the percentage of ownership of companies in production and marketing of seeds, it is observed in the 2008/2009 harvest, a major division of the market with the entry of other companies. There is a need to improve efficiency in the production of soybeans, with the development of procedures for prediction of cultivars with higher demand in the next harvest and adoption of appropriate production techniques. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a eficiência da produção, do beneficiamento e da comercialização de sementes de soja na COTRIPAL AGROPECUÁRIA COOPERATIVA, na unidade da Vila Arco Iris, município de Panambi, RS, no período compreendido entre as safras 2004/2005 a 2008/2009. Para isto, foram analisadas as séries históricas e informações referentes à área inscrita, área aprovada, previsão de recebimento, quantidade recebida, quantidade beneficiada, quantidade aprovada, quantidade comercializada dentro e fora do estado e a porcentagem de participação das empresas obtentoras na semente produzida e comercializada. Os resultados mostram baixa eficiência na porcentagem de aprovação da área inscrita, com média do período de 74,69% de área aprovada. A eficiência do recebimento obteve resultado médio de 62,75%, no beneficiamento o rendimento médio foi de 57,14%. Em relação às sementes analisadas pelo laboratório, a aprovação foi de 96,08%. Quanto à comercialização, a média do período analisado foi 75,42%, sendo que do volume comercializado, 95,16% foi comercializado dentro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Em relação à porcentagem de participação das empresas obtentoras na produção e comercialização de sementes, observa-se na safra 2008/2009, uma maior divisão do mercado com a entrada de outros obtentores. Há necessidade de melhorar a eficiência na produção de sementes de soja, com o desenvolvimento de procedimentos para previsão das cultivares com maior demanda na próxima safra e adoção de técnicas mais adequadas de produção.