The thesis comprises four essays examining aspects of international trade and environment. "Border carbon adjustments (BCAs) and Strategic Climate Policy" examines how BCA affects government incentives to regulate emissions and trade in a strategic setting and contrasts the impact of a BCA and a tariff: the distinction being that the level of the BCA is a function of the difference in the trade partner's emission taxes whereas the tariff is not. I show that a BCA leverages the exporter's climate policy provided the exporter has little influence over world prices (i.e. export supply elasticity is large) and has a weak climate policy. "How does the price of electricity affect imports? A study of Swedish manufacturing firms" examines the heterogeneous effects of a domestic electricity price increase on the structure of imports. We identify the magnitude of the impact of the electricity price increase on the structure of firm imports. Our findings agree with the predictions of our theoretical model. "Trade, Transboundary Pollution and Market Size" suggests a new set of theoretical reasons that may help reconcile the contradictory empirical evidence of the impact of trade liberalization on the location of production to countries with weaker pollution policy. Our results suggest that relative market size, the level of trade costs, the ease of abatement, and the degree of product differentiation at the sector level are relevant variables for empirical studies on trade and pollution. Market shares for organic products are typically modest. Yet several consumer surveys find that a majority of respondents would buy substantially more of these products even if they cost more. "What’s holding it back? A study in organic retail coffee purchases" explores reasons for this apparent divergence. The results suggest that the limited overlap between organic and other highly-valued characteristics is one of the most important constraints.

This thesis is an ethnographic study of the lives of thirty community HIV educators in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Compared to quantitative studies this is a small number, but by keeping the number of participants small it has been possible to obtain an extensive understanding of the lives of each individual, which helps to explain why they make the decisions they do. The reason for choosing community HIV educators as the participants in this study is because it could be stated from the outset that they are well-informed about HIV prevention and, depending on the specific NGO they work for, they have been recipients of either ‘female empowerment’ or ‘responsible masculinity’ programmes. This is significant because early HIV prevention interventions have assumed that providing individuals with HIV awareness and gender equality programmes would lead to the implementation of HIV preventative behaviour. Studying the willingness and ability to implement HIV prevention practices of these particular individuals could therefore help to answer the question whether HIV awareness and gender-related programmes are indeed sufficient to create HIV preventative behaviour change. Furthermore, it was useful to hear from these participants what they experience as enabling and restricting factors when it comes to implementing HIV preventative behaviour. The core research question is: How do community HIV educators in KwaZulu-Natal negotiate HIV prevention in their everyday intimate relationships? The data presented in this thesis was collected during ten months of participant observation amongst community HIV educators whilst they were at work, at home, or out with their peers. To further aid the general understanding of Zulu culture, the researcher lived as part of a Zulu family for six months. The thesis presents several examples of community HIV educators who do not consistently use condoms in their everyday lives despite the fact that they promote the use of condoms. How is it possible that those who speak of being transformed as a result of HIV awareness and female empowerment or responsible masculinity programmes, and who promote condom use in their communities, do not always consistently use condoms in their personal lives? This thesis is concerned with trying to resolve this apparent illogicality. It argues that when individual interventions fail to lead to behaviour change it is because individuals act in relation to other people instead of in isolation. The thesis draws on the work of Bourdieu, particularly his concepts of habitus, field, and capital, to explain how structural factors influence individual practice. This means that the negotiation of HIV prevention is affected by what is generally considered appropriate in terms of existing dispositions. Hence the perception of a particular HIV prevention practice as either appropriate or inappropriate affects the ability of an individual to implement this practice. Examples are provided of how, when it comes to the practice of condom use, which has generally been perceived as inappropriate, structural factors have a restricting effect on HIV prevention. This thesis also provides examples of how, when it comes to the practice of medical male circumcision and virginity testing, which have generally been perceived as appropriate, structural factors actually have an encouraging effect on HIV prevention. As a result this thesis argues that instead of addressing individuals, HIV prevention interventions should address the collective. However, this thesis also argues that an increase in economic, cultural, social, and symbolic capital can suppress the effect of structural factors. To support this argument the thesis attends to individuals who, when they can afford to do so as a result of having capital at their disposal, deviate from collectively determined ideal practice, for example by discreetly negotiating HIV counselling and testing with their sexual partners.

The topic of this thesis is the legal regulation of camera system in the workplace and characterization of its encroachment on personal rights of employees. The main emphasis is put on conditions, which employer must fulfil to install a camera system in the workplace in compliance with the legal order of Czech Republic. Furthermore this thesis is devoted to issues of discreet surveillance and of defence of employee options in case of illegal monitoring. This thesis is divided into three following chapters. In the first chapter, technological development of video camera and its components as well its gradual using as surveillance equipment in public space and afterwards in private life of persons are described. This chapter deals with today's situation and number of video cameras in society, not only in Czech Republic but also in the whole world. Increasing amount of video cameras represents as its consequence a reason for legal disputes, especially neighborhood's legal disputes. Considering that mentioned fact, the relevant decisions of the Supreme Court illustrating attitude of judicature to camera surveillance are incorporated in the first chapter. The thesis' core is set in the second chapter, which is focused on concrete conditions of installation of camera monitoring in the workplace and their...

Tomando como referenciais teóricos e críticos autores como Aristóteles, Lope de Vega, Porqueras Mayo, Jaime Cortesão e João Adolfo Hansen e levando em conta os principais aspectos culturais da sociedade espanhola do século XVII, este trabalho tem seu foco de interesse na personagem Dona Ana de Ulloa, Filha do Comendador em El Burlador de Sevilla, que é arrebatada por Dom Juan. Buscou-se entender como o modo de ser discreto se articulava na corte espanhola da época, tentando esclarecer as motivações dessa atitude nas ações da Filha, pois será através dessa poética da moralidade que ocorrerá, ao final da ação dramática, o restabelecimento da ordem social. Para a compreensão da atitude da protagonista, procedeu-se a uma discussão, tanto no âmbito moral quanto no literário, do conceito e das conotações do termo discreto na época. A dissertação se divide em três partes. A primeira focaliza aspectos sociais, culturais e históricos da sociedade espanhola do século XVII presentes em El Burlador de Sevilla, atentando para a atitude discreta como um elemento que diferencia Dona Ana das outras personagens femininas da peça. A segunda procura destacar a Filha do Comendador, interpretando-a pela atitude incisiva e mostrando como ela se choca com o perfil de mulher predominante na época, ou seja, aquela que em geral era tratada pelos homens como objeto e apreciada por sua beleza, sua nobreza e seu preparo para o casamento. Já a terceira parte centra-se no relacionamento entre Dona Ana e as personagens masculinas, no que ressalta a questão da representação do querer e do poder, provocando o desencadeamento de uma dupla justiça: a terrena, posta nas mãos do Rei e reafirmada pela atuação do Comendador, e a divina, que acaba por sugerir um ideal de liberdade católico, personificado no Convidado de Pedra. Assim, a protagonista se debaterá entre preceitos relacionados ora a uma justiça dos homens, ora a uma justiça de Deus. As considerações finais amarram essas análises, concluindo pela universalidade da personagem feminina representada por Dona Ana, que é recriada em autores de diversas tradições culturais, bem como de épocas distintas. / Using as theoretical and critical references authors like Aristotle, Lope de Vega, Porqueras Mayo, Adolfo Jaime and John Hansen and taking into account the main cultural aspects of the Spanish society during the seventeenth century, this work focuses on the character of Dona Ana Ulloa, daughter of the Commendator in El Burlador de Sevilla, a lady who is seduced and carried out by Don Juan. Its purpose was to understand how the concept of discreet was sustained in the Spanish court at that time, trying to clarify the motivations of this attitude in the protagonists actions, once the social order will be restored through this kind of morality poetics at the end of the dramatic action. For the understanding of the main characters attitude, a discussion both morally and literarily was carried out about the concepts and also the connotations of the word discreet at that age. This work is divided into three parts. The first one focuses on social, cultural, and historic aspects of the Spanish society during the 17th Century that are present in El Burlador de Sevilla, being alert to the discreet as the aspect that differentiates Dona Ana from the other female characters in the play. The second one tries to detach the Commendators daughter, interpreting her through her incisive attitude and showing how she conflicts with the predominant female profile at that epoch, that is to say, the woman who was treated as an object by men and appreciated because of her beauty, her nobility, and her readiness for marriage. Finally, the third part deals with the relationship between Dona Ana and the male characters, through which arises the problem of the representation of wanting and being allowed to, resulting in a double justice: a terrestrial one, administered by the King and reaffirmed by the role of the Commendator; and a divine one, a kind of justice that suggests a catholic ideal of liberty which is personified in the stone guest. So, the protagonist will be struggling between precepts related to a justice of men or a justice of God. The final considerations bind these analyses and conclude for the universality of the female persona that Dona Ana represents, once she is re-created by authors from diverse cultural traditions, as well as diverse epochs.

nÃo hà / Com o propÃsito de analisar em que medida os fatores sÃcio econÃmicos contribuem para a colocaÃÃo dos indivÃduos no mercado de trabalho, para o aumento das suas possibilidades de obtenÃÃo de emprego e de conhecer como se distribui o desempenho das pessoas que estÃo tentando ingressar neste mercado, esta pesquisa utiliza uma base de dados com informaÃÃes sÃcio-econÃmicas de 232.771 candidatos inscritos em um concurso pÃblico realizado pelo Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S.A. (BNB) no ano de 2003 para o cargo de Assistente Administrativo, cedida gentilmente pelo BNB e pela AssociaÃÃo Cearense de Estudos e Pesquisas EconÃmicas, Administrativas e ContÃbeis â ACEP. No CapÃtulo 2, uma anÃlise do desempenho educacional brasileiro à realizada atravÃs de uma revisÃo da literatura correlata na busca do conhecimento jà existente em relaÃÃo aos seus determinantes e da sua influÃncia na tentativa de ingresso ao mercado de trabalho, sendo revelados indicativos de fraco desempenho educacional pela maioria da populaÃÃo brasileira e a existÃncia do fenÃmeno da overeducation. A abordagem empÃrica da base de dados supracitada à realizada no CapÃtulo 3, atravÃs de uma anÃlise descritiva e nÃo paramÃtrica em relaÃÃo aos resultados obtidos na provas e aos itens respondidos pelos candidatos em um questionÃrio sÃcio-econÃmico, constantes nessa base. Este capÃtulo tem uma abordagem isolada dos citados fatores, entretanto, vÃrios detalhes e nuances mostram-se preliminarmente como importantes indicadores para a interpretaÃÃo dos resultados. Um survey da teoria relativa à abordagem economÃtrica dos modelos de escolha discreta, inclusive de cunho didÃtico, à feito no CapÃtulo 4, como um subsÃdio à anÃlise agregada dos determinantes de desempenho do concurso supracitado, a qual revela como mais adequado o Modelo de Escolha Ordenada. A modelagem economÃtrica aponta para a relevÃncia e significÃncia de todas os fatores sÃcio-econÃmicas no desempenho, reforÃando a complexidade do assunto, pela correlaÃÃo existente entre as variÃveis explicativas. Assim, tornou-se possÃvel delinear o perfil tÃpico de um candidato que obteve sucesso no concurso supracitado: jovem urbano, com tempo disponÃvel para o estudo, descendente de famÃlia de renda elevada e com alto grau de instruÃÃo - ratificando o cÃrculo vicioso de renda existente no Brasil. As conclusÃes ressaltam, ainda, a importÃncia da formulaÃÃo e da implementaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas no intuito de mitigar o impacto dos fatores sÃcio-econÃmicos, quando desfavorÃveis, no desempenho de uma pessoa, seja no Ãmbito educacional ou profissional, sobretudo no Nordeste â regiÃo historicamente mais castigada pelas desigualdades sÃcio-econÃmicas no Brasil.

Tomando como referenciais teóricos e críticos autores como Aristóteles, Lope de Vega, Porqueras Mayo, Jaime Cortesão e João Adolfo Hansen e levando em conta os principais aspectos culturais da sociedade espanhola do século XVII, este trabalho tem seu foco de interesse na personagem Dona Ana de Ulloa, Filha do Comendador em El Burlador de Sevilla, que é arrebatada por Dom Juan. Buscou-se entender como o modo de ser discreto se articulava na corte espanhola da época, tentando esclarecer as motivações dessa atitude nas ações da Filha, pois será através dessa poética da moralidade que ocorrerá, ao final da ação dramática, o restabelecimento da ordem social. Para a compreensão da atitude da protagonista, procedeu-se a uma discussão, tanto no âmbito moral quanto no literário, do conceito e das conotações do termo discreto na época. A dissertação se divide em três partes. A primeira focaliza aspectos sociais, culturais e históricos da sociedade espanhola do século XVII presentes em El Burlador de Sevilla, atentando para a atitude discreta como um elemento que diferencia Dona Ana das outras personagens femininas da peça. A segunda procura destacar a Filha do Comendador, interpretando-a pela atitude incisiva e mostrando como ela se choca com o perfil de mulher predominante na época, ou seja, aquela que em geral era tratada pelos homens como objeto e apreciada por sua beleza, sua nobreza e seu preparo para o casamento. Já a terceira parte centra-se no relacionamento entre Dona Ana e as personagens masculinas, no que ressalta a questão da representação do querer e do poder, provocando o desencadeamento de uma dupla justiça: a terrena, posta nas mãos do Rei e reafirmada pela atuação do Comendador, e a divina, que acaba por sugerir um ideal de liberdade católico, personificado no Convidado de Pedra. Assim, a protagonista se debaterá entre preceitos relacionados ora a uma justiça dos homens, ora a uma justiça de Deus. As considerações finais amarram essas análises, concluindo pela universalidade da personagem feminina representada por Dona Ana, que é recriada em autores de diversas tradições culturais, bem como de épocas distintas. / Using as theoretical and critical references authors like Aristotle, Lope de Vega, Porqueras Mayo, Adolfo Jaime and John Hansen and taking into account the main cultural aspects of the Spanish society during the seventeenth century, this work focuses on the character of Dona Ana Ulloa, daughter of the Commendator in El Burlador de Sevilla, a lady who is seduced and carried out by Don Juan. Its purpose was to understand how the concept of discreet was sustained in the Spanish court at that time, trying to clarify the motivations of this attitude in the protagonists actions, once the social order will be restored through this kind of morality poetics at the end of the dramatic action. For the understanding of the main characters attitude, a discussion both morally and literarily was carried out about the concepts and also the connotations of the word discreet at that age. This work is divided into three parts. The first one focuses on social, cultural, and historic aspects of the Spanish society during the 17th Century that are present in El Burlador de Sevilla, being alert to the discreet as the aspect that differentiates Dona Ana from the other female characters in the play. The second one tries to detach the Commendators daughter, interpreting her through her incisive attitude and showing how she conflicts with the predominant female profile at that epoch, that is to say, the woman who was treated as an object by men and appreciated because of her beauty, her nobility, and her readiness for marriage. Finally, the third part deals with the relationship between Dona Ana and the male characters, through which arises the problem of the representation of wanting and being allowed to, resulting in a double justice: a terrestrial one, administered by the King and reaffirmed by the role of the Commendator; and a divine one, a kind of justice that suggests a catholic ideal of liberty which is personified in the stone guest. So, the protagonist will be struggling between precepts related to a justice of men or a justice of God. The final considerations bind these analyses and conclude for the universality of the female persona that Dona Ana represents, once she is re-created by authors from diverse cultural traditions, as well as diverse epochs.

This thesis is concerned with the legislature of the Czech Republic, Bundesrepublik Deutschland and the Republic of France, as regards the anonymous abandonment of children in babyboxes, anonymous births and births with the identity of the mo- ther classified. It presents a complex overview of the legal framework in which the above mentioned institutions are functioning, from the point of view of the current legislation and factual state of affairs, set in the background of historical evolution of the individual institutes in individual states. The first chapter of the thesis de- als with the terminology, which in these questions is often somewhat confused and confusing, due to laymen influences and translations between languages. The se- cond chapter presents the current legal framework of the individual states, together with the umbrella framework of the international Agreements which are binding to all three of the countries. The third chapter deals with babyboxes, describing their functioning in Germany and in the Czech Republic. The fourth chapter presents the issue of anonymous births and of the french l'accouchement sous X, which is on the line between the anonymous birth and the birth with the identity of the mother classified. Fifth chapter is concerned with the births with classified identity...

This dissertation is based on a research of luxury gastronomy conducted in two luxury restaurants in Prague. The main focus of analysis is on gastronomic experience as an affective commodity and a vehicle of social, economic and political transformation. The study examines how affect is produced, commodified and how value is generated in luxury "experiential gastronomy." It also analyzes the role of affect in transformation of individuals, the society, consumption practices, entrepreneurial practices, and labor. It shows how experts on gastronomy educate the public on appropriate consumption practices and eating habits. Eating and dining serve as "technologies of the self" (Rose 2004) through which individual and social health and well-being are achieved. Cultivated affect becomes a vehicle of the "purification from socialism" (Eyal 2003) and also plays an important part on the formation of ethical consumer and citizen (Muehlebach 2011). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The following project has been carried out in collaboration with Abstracta AB (AAB), a company based in Lammhult with specialization in sound landscapes for indoor environments. The company manufactures different types of products with sound-absorbing properties where sustainability and design are in great focus. A new product idea of the company is based on developing an A-classified discreetly designed wall absorber that is considered more as a "wall" than a "wall with mounted absorbent on". The purpose of the project was to develop the following product on a conceptual level. A main research question with two underlying issues was developed that served as a support during the project. Question 1: How can an A-rated discreetly designed sound wall absorber be developed? 1.a: How can an A-rated sound wall absorber be developed? 1.b: How can a sound wall absorber achieve a discreetness in its design? The project followed a product development process where the mainly focus was on concept development and concept testing. The concept was developed based on data collected from a literature study and with the use of a sound absorption calculator. A sound absorption test and an examination form regarding the discrete modeling and design of the absorbent were performed for the final concept that the project resulted in. The project showed that an A-rated discreetly designed sound wall absorber can be developed through a process where design-critical specifications that affect the absorber's discrete design control how the object can be modeled. Via a sound absorption calculator, concepts can be designed that theoretically indicate an A-rate while the design-critical specifications are not exceeded. Based on the concept, a prototype is manufactured that can undergo a sound absorption test to determine the absorbent's actual sound absorption capacity. Finally, an examination is made to analyze whether the absorbent is considered a discrete alternative or not. Based on the project's results, the work process proved to be advantageous as the concept indicated a sound absorption capacity that exceeded the requirements of the A-rating and at the same time obtained a discreet design and modeling. This was achieved in connection with the manufacturing materials achieving their technical specifications and a square meter cost lower than expected. Based on the project's results, the work process proved to be advantageous as the concept indicated a sound absorption capacity that exceeded the requirements of the A-rating and at the same time obtained a discreet design and modeling. This was achieved in connection with the manufacturing materials achieving their technical specifications and a square meter cost lower than expected. In the further development of the final concept, a solution for how the absorbent is to be mounted on the wall must be developed as this was not focused on in the project based on its boundaries. To achieve a valid A-rate, an additional sound absorption test must also be performed where a larger object area of 10–12 m2 is tested. In future work, the concept's discrete modeling and design should also be examined based on physical treatment to review how the examination form's response results relate to this. / Följande projekt utförs i samarbete med Abstracta AB (AAB), ett företag som är stationerat i Lammhult och är specialiserade inom ljudlandskap för inomhusmiljöer. Företaget framställer olika typer av produkter med ljudabsorberande egenskaper där hållbarhet och design även är i stort fokus. En ny produktidé av företaget grundar sig i att utveckla en A-klassificerad diskret utformad väggabsorbent som betraktas mer som en ”vägg” än en ”vägg med uppmonterad absorbent på”. Syftet med projektet var att framta följande produkt på en konceptuell nivå. En huvudsaklig forskningsfråga med två underliggande frågeställningar togs fram som fungerade som ett stöd under projektets gång. Fråga 1: Hur kan en A-klassificerad diskret utformad ljudväggabsorbent utvecklas? 1.a: Hur kan en A-klassificerad ljudväggabsorbent utvecklas? 1.b: Hur kan en ljudväggabsorbent uppnå en diskrethet i sin design? Projektet följde en produktutvecklingsprocess där det största fokuset låg på konceptutvecklingen och koncepttestningen. Koncepten utvecklades utifrån insamlade data från en litteraturstudie och med användning av en ljudabsorptionskalkylator. Ett ljudabsorptionstest och ett undersökningsformulär gällande absorbentens diskreta utformning och design utfördes för det slutgiltiga konceptet som projektet resulterade i. Projektet visade att en A-klassificerad diskret utformad ljudväggabsorbent kan utvecklas genom en process där designkritiska specifikationer som berör absorbentens diskreta utformning styr hur objektet kan formges. Via en ljudabsorptionskalkylator kan koncept designas som teoretiskt indikerar en A-klassning samtidigt som de designkritiska specifikationerna ej överskrids. Utifrån konceptet tillverkas en prototyp som kan genomgå ett ljudabsorptionstest för att fastställa absorbentens verkliga ljudupptagningsförmåga. En undersökning görs slutligen för att analysera huruvida absorbenten betraktas som ett diskret alternativ eller ej. Utifrån projektets resultat visade sig arbetsprocessen vara fördelaktig då konceptet påvisade en ljudabsorptionsförmåga som överträffade A-klassningens krav och samtidigt erhöll en diskret utformning och design. Detta åstadkom i samband med att tillverkningsmaterialen uppnådde sina tekniska specifikationer och en kvadratmeterkostnad lägre än väntat. I fortsatt utveckling av det slutgiltiga konceptet måste en lösning till hur absorbenten ska monteras på väggen tas fram eftersom detta inte fokuserades på i projektet utifrån dess avgränsningar. För att en giltig A-klassificering ska nås måste även ytterligare ett ljudabsorptionstest utföras där en större objektarea på 10–12 m2 testas. I framtida arbete bör även konceptets diskreta utformning och design undersökas utifrån fysiska bemötanden för att granska hur undersökningsformulärets svarsresultat förhåller sig till detta.

This dissertation is based on a research of luxury gastronomy conducted in two luxury restaurants in Prague. The main focus of analysis is on gastronomic experience as an affective commodity and a vehicle of social, economic and political transformation. The study examines how affect is produced, commodified and how value is generated in luxury "experiential gastronomy." It also analyzes the role of affect in transformation of individuals, the society, consumption practices, entrepreneurial practices, and labor. It shows how experts on gastronomy educate the public on appropriate consumption practices and eating habits. Eating and dining serve as "technologies of the self" (Rose 2004) through which individual and social health and well-being are achieved. Cultivated affect becomes a vehicle of the "purification from socialism" (Eyal 2003) and also plays an important part on the formation of ethical consumer and citizen (Muehlebach 2011). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)