Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research investigates the importance of addressing argumentative oral genres in the classroom, specifically the opinion debate, a gender that aims to discuss a controversial issue among interlocutors, to develop the oral and to increase argumentative capacity. The work was developed in three stages: in the first one was made a survey of the theoretical and bibliographic referentials; in the second stage, data collection was carried out throughout the analysis of part of a didactic material selected through the National Program of Didactic Book (PNLD), precisely the Português: Linguagens collection, by linguists Willian Roberto Cereja and Thereza Cochar Magalhães (2015). The third stage consisted in the elaboration of a didactic sequence of the genre approach and its respective application in pedagogical workshops in a 9th year of elementary education class, in a school of the Municipal Network of Education of Euclides da Cunha – BA, as well as in the analysis of the results of this intervention proposal from the transcribed productions. In a volume apart from this dissertation we present a Teacher's Pedagogical Notebook, as well as some specific material for the student, namely, two theoretical-practical notebooks, for better appropriation of the gender and argumentative techniques. In order to support our discussions, we use Bakhtin conceptions of discursive genres (2003), the socio-theoretical perspective of genres of Bazerman (2009); Marcuschi (2001) and Marcuschi and Dionísio (2007). In this paper, we present the results of the study of the oral and written genres of Dolz, Schneuwly and collaborators (2004). As for the aspects of the argumentation, we use Fiorin conceptions (2016); Perelman and Tyteca theory of argument (2014); the processes of construction of oral argumentation in the context of Ribeiro (2009) and Marques (2011). / Esta pesquisa investiga a importância de se abordar os gêneros orais argumentativos em sala de aula, especificamente o debate de opinião, gênero que tem por finalidade discutir uma questão controversa entre interlocutores, para o desenvolvimento do domínio da oralidade e ampliação da capacidade argumentativa. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em três etapas: a primeira correspondeu ao levantamento do referencial teórico e bibliográfico; na segunda etapa, a da coleta de dados, foi realizada a análise de parte de um material didático selecionado através do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD), precisamente, a coleção Português: Linguagens, dos linguistas Willian Roberto Cereja e Thereza Cochar Magalhães (2015); a terceira etapa da pesquisa constituiu-se na elaboração de uma sequência didática de abordagem do gênero e sua respectiva aplicação em oficinas pedagógicas em turma do 9º ano do ensino fundamental, numa escola da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Euclides da Cunha – BA, bem como na análise dos resultados desta proposta de intervenção, a partir das produções transcritas. Em volume à parte desta dissertação apresentamos um Caderno Pedagógico de uso do professor, bem como material específico para o aluno, a saber, dois cadernos teórico-práticos, para melhor apropriação do gênero e das técnicas argumentativas. Para subsidiar nossas discussões, utilizamos as concepções de gêneros discursivos de Bakhtin (2003), a perspectiva sociorretórica dos gêneros em Bazerman (2009); a dos gêneros orais e escritos de Dolz, Schneuwly e colaboradores (2004) e as relações entre oralidade e escrita de Marcuschi(2001) e Marcuschi e Dionísio (2007). No que concerne aos aspectos da argumentação, utilizamos as concepções de Fiorin (2016); a teoria da argumentação de Perelman e Tyteca (2014); os processos de construção da argumentação oral no contexto do ensino de Ribeiro (2009) e Marques (2011). / Itabaiana, SE

Ce mémoire présente les effets d’une séquence d’enseignement-apprentissage de l’oral inspirée des approches de la philosophie pour enfants et des approches plurilingues sur la compétence discursive (la justification et la reformulation) d’élèves allophones scolarisés en classe d’accueil du 3e cycle du primaire, et ce, à partir d’une étude de cas de type exploratoire auprès de six élèves cas. Pendant les discussions philosophiques, qui constituent le genre oral mis en place pour pratiquer la justification et la reformulation, les données recueillies au moyen d’enregistrements vidéos ont permis d’observer que l’enseignement des deux conduites discursives permet aux élèves de prendre davantage la parole. La mise en place des ateliers formatifs a aidé les élèves à produire des justifications plus élaborées et à utiliser des reformulations pour pallier les bris de communication lors des interactions. Sans oublier, grâce à l’apprentissage des deux conduites discursives, les interactions sont davantage liées entre elles et l’étayage se fait davantage entre les élèves. / This research presents the effects of an oral teaching-learning sequence inspired by approaches to children's philosophy and plurilingual approaches to discourse competence (the justification and reformulation) of second language learners in school. Thoses students are 3rd cycle of primary school. This is an exploratory type case study with six students cases. During the philosophical discussions, which is the oral genre set up to practice justification and reformulation, the data collected through video recordings have found that the teaching of the two discursive competence allows students to talk more in thoses discussions. The teaching-learning sequence helped the students to produce more elaborate justifications and to use reformulations to overcome communication breakdowns during the interactions. Finally, the learning of the two discursive behaviors permits to know that the interactions are more related to each other and the scaffolding is done more between the students.

This dissertation concentrates on the development of writing skills in learners of Czech as a foreign/second language at A2-B2 levels. It aims to determine whether creative writing has positive influence on linguistic and discursive competence in acquiring Czech, as opposed to classic approaches. For these purposes, a probe was conducted in form of a one-semester qualitative action research. The sample consisted of 30 non-native University respondents. They were divided into two experimental and two control groups - with upmost regard to their comparability in terms of language levels, socio-linguistic parameters, the genres and topics assigned, as well as the number of lessons taught. In experimental groups, the writing skills was developed by the method of creative writing while the control groups were taught by means of traditional approach. After the semester, in case of experimental group I and control group I (at levels B1/B2), comparable increase in competences took place, therefore it can be concluded that the creative writing method may influence the development of the writing skills positively. In case of experimental group II and control group II (at levels A2/B1), the results are ambiguous. Nevertheless, the experimental groups̕ respondents had higher sureness in drafting.