With the transformation of the industrial structure environment and the coming knowledge economy era, the demand of enterprise for professional human resource is steadily on the increase, which makes the enterprise have diversified needs on manpower dispatch. In regard to the application of manpower dispatching, it has been transformed from the early labor force of blue-collar employees or the administrative personnel of white-collar staff in the basic level to the roles of skilled professionals or professional managers. There are two objectives in this research. The first objective is to probe into the current situation of professional dispatching, and the second is to probe into the management mechanism of professional dispatching in Taiwan, which are probed in the case study method on the basis of its research subject, interviewing the third dispatched party, and the interview details will be concluded and analyzed. It is discovered in this research that the dispatch triplicities think that the professional dispatch will become the development direction of manpower dispatch in the future. It is thought that dispatching agency should pick up the speed of recruitment and improve the professional degree in the practice of manpower dispatch. The ready-dispatch enterprise plays the role of reducing the otherness of professional dispatched personnel, the service charge of reasonably assessing the manpower dispatch, and the payment of professional dispatched personnel. And the dispatched personnel hope to strengthen the basis of mutual trust and improve the sense of job achievements. There are still a lot of challenges to meet the requirement of the dispatch triplicities. It is the common goal to find how to strengthen trilateral interaction and make the performance of professional live up to the standard of enterprise, which are the concerted efforts of dispatch triplicities.

Under the tendency of globalization and internationalization, enterprises adopt flexible employment strategy to pursue the best economical benefits and cope with quick changing business environment to maintain market competition ability, which also facilitate the change of structure in labor market. Facing the keen competition and quick changes in the internal and external environment, the introduction and usage of labor dispatching has gradually become an important HR strategy to improve competition ability in Taiwan enterprises. Under the interactions of various internal and external environmental factors, what is the influence among dispatched agency, user enterprise and dispatched worker? What is the future trend of labor dispatching? Therefore, this research made in-depth interviews with 4 dispatched agencies to realize the profile of the labor dispatching mode, and then issued 51 questionnaires to dispatched agencies that really engaged in the business; in which 35 were returned with a return rate of 68.63%. Then the relationship between each variable was discussed through descriptive statistic, cross-tables, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and regression analysis. Finally was to conclude results of interview and questionnaire to get present profile of labor dispatching in Taiwan, then analyzed and compared the changing mode of labor dispatching in these 5 years. Findings of this research are as follows: 1. Providing user enterprises with repeat dispatched workers, dispatched workers turn into full-time employees of the user enterprise, providing user enterprise on site service, and establishing dispatched agency in the business group have gradually become the new tendency of HR dispatching mode in Taiwan. 2. The turnover rate of dispatched worker is related to the classification of ¡§registered temp¡¨ or ¡§constant hire¡¨. 3. Providing user enterprises with repeat dispatched workers has positive correlation with the business performance variation of the dispatched agency, i.e., the more repeating workers were provided, dispatched agency got the better business amount. 4. Foreign-ownership company has significant influence on the change of business amount of the dispatched agency in the past year. 5. There are significant differences of dispatched agency¡¦s business variation between financial industry and insurance industry, and non-financial industry and insurance industry. 6. Whether the dispatched agency is established by the business group has significant influence on the dispatched agency¡¦s business amount variation in the past year. 7. The execution of new labor retirement law and the pass of labor dispatching law in the future have positive influence on the labor dispatching business amount variation. 8. The labor dispatching mode of these five years in Taiwan has significant difference no matter in HR management practices, such as dispatched worker¡¦s background, recruit channel, salary, welfare, performance assessment, or the reason for user enterprise to use dispatched worker, compliant from user enterprise, and difficulty encountered while executing dispatched business by the dispatched agency.

In order to survive in the intense competition environment, every company tries to find the way to strengthen its core competences efficiently and to gain more competitive advantages. Therefore, more and more companies start to outsource their non-core value activities in order to focus their limited resources on constructing and developing their core competences. However, when adopting outsourcing policies¡]including function outsourcing and job outsourcing¡^, companies need to review every characteristics of their jobs and sort them by organization targets or goals. Thus, they will figure out those ¡§non-core jobs¡¨, and seek the way to differentiate their own employment strategies between core and non-core jobs. Due to the idea of outsourcing, another employment type is triggered¡Xnamely employee dispatching. However, it is important to know what causes companies adopting employee dispatching. Is it the same reason as outsourcing, namely to strengthen core competences? Or is it just to minimize the operating costs? Or to avoid the legal liabilities which every company should follow. In this study, we interview the HR managers that have the authority to make the decisions in the four high-tech. companies. The aims of this research are as follows; to find out how those companies make the dispatching decisions, what the real causes are, how to choose contractors, and how to evaluate the effects of adopting employee dispatching. By consolidating and analyzing those research data, we hope that this study can shed some light on this area, provide decision making suggestions, and new research perspectives of employment shift in this study. Meanwhile, these findings can be of use for further research in this area in the future. After consolidating the data we gathered, we find: 1.Companies adopt dispatched workers to replace regular employees when considering personnel expense cost down and legal liabilities avoidance. 2.From the practicing of implementing dispatched workers, those four companies learned how to set the scope of non-core jobs for outsourcing further more. 3.The following three key factors: Specialty, Finance, and Service, can be used to help those who want to use employee dispatching to select their partners. 4.Dispatch companies just provide the only function, outsourcing employees, to their corporate customers. They have no ability to provide the other business functions. 5.For long-term planning, those enterprises have moved to China due to globalization expansion of their suppliers and customers to China market. Therefore, they will hire dispatching employees instead to fulfill those non-core jobs in Taiwan.

Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. / Committee Chair: Dr. A. P. Meliopoulos; Committee Member: Dr. David Taylor; Committee Member: Dr. Ronald Harley; Committee Member: Dr. Shijie Deng. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

The most important issue at a container terminal is to minimize the ship’s turnaround time which is determined by the productivities of quay cranes (QCs). The tandem lift quay cranes have 33% higher productivities than single lift QCs. However, the tandem lift operations bring new challenges to the vehicle dispatching at terminals and this has become a big issue in the application of tandem lift QCs. The vehicle dispatching at terminals is to enhance the QCs’ productivities by coordinating the QCs’ operation schedules and the vehicles’ delivery schedules. The static version of the problem can be formulated as an MILP model and it is a combinational optimization problem. When the type of QC is tandem lift, the problem becomes more complicated because it requires two vehicles side by side under the QC. Thus, the alignments of vehicles have to be considered by coordinating the delivery schedules between vehicles. On the other hand, because the containers are operated alone by the yard cranes, the vehicles could not be grouped and dispatched in pairs all the time. This dissertation investigates the static and dynamic version of the problem and proposes heuristic methods to solve them. For the static version, Local Sequence Cut (LSC) Algorithm is proposed to tighten the search space by eliminating those feasible but undesirable delivery sequences. The time windows within which the containers should be delivered are estimated through solving sub-problems iteratively. Numerical experiments show the capability of the LSC algorithm to find competitive solutions in substantially reduced CPU time. To deal with the dynamic and stochastic working environment at the terminal, the dissertation proposes an on-line dispatching rule to make real-time dispatching decisions without any information of future events. Compared with the longest idle vehicle rule, the proposed priority rule shortens the makespan by 18% and increases the QCs’ average productivities by 15%. The sensitivity analysis stated that the superiority of the priority rule is more evident when the availability of vehicles is not sufficient compared with the frequency of releasing transportation requests.

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De nordiska ländernas hälso- och sjukvård bygger på att sjukvården finns till hands när den behövs. För att ge företräde för de individer som har störst vårdbehov genomförs inom olika verksamheter vårdbehovsprioriteringar. Behovet av prioriteringar tilltar i takt med att efterfrågan på hälso- och sjukvårdens insatser ökar. Skälet till att göra prioriteringar inom hälso- och sjukvården är att upprätthålla en god vård med god effekt till dem som bäst behöver den. Även om hälso- och sjukvården kvantitativt spelar en begränsad roll för folkhälsan, utgör den en viktig del i samhället genom att skapa trygghet. Särskilt betydelsefullt i detta avseende är akutsjukvård varav ambulanssjukvård är en viktig del. Vid akut uppkommen sjukdom eller skada, förväntar sig befolkningen att snabbt få den hjälp och de sjukvårdsinsatser som de behöver. Prioritering av ambulansbehov och allokering av ambulans sker via en prioriterings och dirigeringscentral som nås av allmänheten via samhällets nödnummer. Avhandlingens övergripande syfte är att undersöka om de medicinska prioriteringar som görs vid ambulansallokering leder till ändamålsenligt vårdutnyttjande. Avhandlingen bygger på fem delstudier (1-5) som genererat sex delarbeten (I-VI) och är genomförda med en kvantitativ forskningsansats. I delstudie 1 (delarbete I-II) beskrivs ambulansallokering i relation till ambulanspersonalens bedömning av ambulansbehov. Delstudie 2 (delarbete III), beskriver hur patienter med akut bröstsmärta nyttjar ambulanssjukvård i olika geografiska områden. I delstudie 3 (delarbete IV) undersöks om nyttjandet av ambulans skiljer sig åt mellan tätort och glesbygd. I delstudie 4 (delarbete IV) beskrivs ambulansutnyttjande i Finland i relation till ambulanspersonalens bedömning av patienternas vårdbehov. Delstudie 5 (delarbeteVI), beskriver i vilken omfattning ambulanstransporterade patienter har behov av ambulanssjukvård och vård på akutmottagning. Resultatet visar att initial prioritering av ambulansrespons överensstämde med patienternas aktuella status såsom bedömt av ambulanspersonalen i hälften av uppdragen, och såsom bedömt retrospektivt av en expertpanel i en tredjedel av fallen. Enligt såväl ambulanspersonalens som expertpanelens bedömningar förelåg omfattande både underprioriteringar och överprioriteringar vid ambulansallokering. Resultatet visar därmed att de medicinska prioriteringar som görs vid ambulansallokering leder till både underutnyttjande och överutnyttjande av ambulanssjukvårdens resurser. Studien indikerar att medicinska prioriteringar leder till suboptimalt resursutnyttjande av hälso- och sjukvårds resurser. Graden av underutnyttjande dvs. patienter som underprioriterats måste betraktas som ett av studiens huvudfynd. Ett prioriteringssystem skall kunna identifiera de patienter som har störst vårdbehov, och ge dessa patienter tillträde till vården för att undvika onödig försämring av hälsotillståndet. Ett prioriteringssystem bör också, med bibehållande av säkerhetsmarginaler, minimera överutnyttjande av hälso- och sjukvårdsresurser. Ett annat huvudfynd i studien är att en hög säkerhetsmarginal med hög andel överprioriteringar inom ambulanssjukvården, tycks leda till att en stor andel av ambulansuppdragen består av transporter i en fullt utrustad ambulans, för patienter utan behov av varken den utrustning eller den kompetens som idag finns inom ambulanssjukvården. / The health care system in the Nordic countries’ are based on that those individuals who have urgent need of health care should have access to it without unnecessary delay. But regarded to limited resources prioritisation has to be made. The reason for prioritising is to deliver an appropriate and rapid response to those with the most urgent needs and to guarantee the public a qualitative good and effective health care. The health care system has an important role for creating safety, especially the emergency medical service. When someone become acute ill or injured, there are expectations for immediately rapid response from the health care system. The prioritisation and allocation of the ambulance service is performed from an emergency medical centre by the emergency number 112. Several Emergency Medical Systems use a criteria based prioritizing system for ambulance response. In such a system the operators at the medical emergency dispatch centres have to assess patients’ symptoms and needs for ambulance response. The prioritizing of the ambulance response is based on the seriousness of the patient’s symptoms, on the patient’s current condition and in the case of trauma, on the trauma mechanism. The priority system is supposed to optimize the use of the ambulance service and to match up and meet the patients’ needs with adequate responses of the ambulances. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate if the prioritising of patients medical status leads to appropriate use of the health care service and the emergency medical service. The thesis is based on five parts, including six studies (I-VI) and the methods used have a quantitative approach. Part 1 (study I-II), evaluates the settings of priorities and patients need for prehospital care. Part 2 (study III), describes how patients with chest pain in different geographical areas uses the ambulance service. Part 3 (study IV), analyses the differences in use of the ambulance service between densely and sparsely populated areas. Part 4 (study IV), describes the use of the ambulance service in Finland. Part 5 (study IV), reviews the ambulance patients and the need of care at emergency department or similar level of care. The results show that the initial priority of ambulance response from the dispatch centre was consistent with patients' current status as assessed by ambulance staff in half of the missions, and as assessed retrospectively by an expert panel at one third of cases. According to the assessment of the ambulance personnel and the review from an expert panel there was extensive use of both ”overtriage” and ”undertriage” in the emergency medical dispatching of ambulance missions. The result also shows that decisions lead to sub optimal use of the ambulance service and other health care resources. One of the major findings is the occurrence of undertriage. A triage system has to identify those patients with the most urgent health needs, and give these patients access to care in order to avoid unnecessary deterioration in health status. At the same time must safety margins be maintained and overuse of resources minimised. Another major finding is that a high safety margins and high amount of overtriage leads to that a big part of the ambulance missions are transportation of patients with no need of today’s high tech ambulances or the professional competence of ambulance nurses

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19309号 / 工博第4106号 / 新制||工||1633(附属図書館) / 32311 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科電気工学専攻 / (主査)教授 引原 隆士, 准教授 三谷 友彦, 教授 岡部 寿男, 教授 土居 伸二, / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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