Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-17T19:34:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SaidGoncalvesDaCruzFonseca_TESE.pdf: 3943199 bytes, checksum: b6604feae27ec3db3b6955b193bae174 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-18T00:21:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SaidGoncalvesDaCruzFonseca_TESE.pdf: 3943199 bytes, checksum: b6604feae27ec3db3b6955b193bae174 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-18T00:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SaidGoncalvesDaCruzFonseca_TESE.pdf: 3943199 bytes, checksum: b6604feae27ec3db3b6955b193bae174 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-07 / A disponibilidade de formula??o pedi?trica para tratamento de tuberculose ? uma realidade para os pa?ses da ?sia e da ?frica, mas ainda n?o ocorre em outros pa?ses que apresentam consider?vel incid?ncia dessa enfermidade. Considerando a situa??o da necessidade global por medicamentos para uso em pediatria e especificamente por este tipo de produto para o tratamento da tuberculose, cuja associa??o de ativos representa um grande desafio, esse trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de formula??es orais contendo rifampicina, isoniazida e pirazinamida em dose fixa combinada para uso em pediatria. Iniciouse com a caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica dos insumos ativos (identifica??o por IV, UV e CLAE, determina??o do teor por CLAE e UV, densidade aparente e ?ngulo de repouso). Em seguida foi realizada a avalia??o da compatibilidade t?rmica dos insumos ativos com diferentes excipientes (DSC e TG); o desenvolvimento de ve?culo voltado para o emprego como carreador de f?rmacos para uso oral em pediatria com o m?nimo de componentes, em baixas concentra??es, selecionando-os dentre os insumos considerados seguros para crian?as (avaliando viscosidade, pH, palatabilidade, estabilidade f?sica e microbiol?gica). Foi desenvolvida e validada metodologia anal?tica espectrofotom?trica para uso no doseamento e perfil de dissolu??o concomitante dos tr?s f?rmacos nos produtos desenvolvidos, al?m de estudos de pr?-formula??o atrav?s da densidade aparente e ?ngulo de repouso dos f?rmacos isolados e das suas misturas com aerosil, granula??o com diferentes pol?meros e seu efeito na libera??o da rifampicina, estabilidade da rifampicina em fun??o do pH, revestimento e microencapsula??o da rifampicina com quitosana, at? finalmente o desenvolvimento das formula??es s?lidas orais sob a forma de p? para reconstitui??o e comprimido dispers?vel contendo dose fixa combinada dos f?rmacos supra-citados. Foram avaliados a viscosidade, pH, teor dos f?rmacos e estabilidade das prepara??es reconstitu?das, bem como peso m?dio, dureza, tempo de desintegra??o, perfil de dissolu??o e friabilidade dos comprimidos. O m?todo de Ozawa foi empregado em estudos cin?ticos de DSC para estimar o fator de frequ?ncia, a energia de ativa??o e a ordem das rea??es que levam ? degrada??o das formas farmac?uticas s?lidas. As duas formas farmac?uticas s?lidas quando dispersas em ?gua, resultaram em suspens?o pseudo-pl?stica f?cil de ser manuseada, medida e administrada, e que podem ser utilizadas por at? 12 horas ap?s a reconstitui??o. / The availability of pediatric formulation for treating tuberculosis is a reality for the countries of Asia and Africa, but not in other countries that have considerable incidence of this disease. Considering the situation of the global need for medicines for pediatric use and specifically for this type of product for the treatment of tuberculosis, whose drugs association represents a major challenge, this study aimed to develop oral formulations containing rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide in fixed-dose combination for pediatric use. It began with the physico-chemical characterization of active ingredients (identification by IR, UV and HPLC, determination of content by HPLC and UV, bulk density and angle of repose). It then carried the evaluation of thermal compatibility of active ingredients with different excipients (DSC and TG); the vehicle development for use as a carrier of oral drugs in children with minimal components, at low concentrations, selecting them from the inputs considered safe for children (evaluating viscosity, pH, palatability, physical and microbiological stability). It was developed and validated spectrophotometric analytical methodology for use in the assay and dissolution profile of three drugs in the developed products, in addition to pre-formulation studies by apparent density and angle of repose of the individual drugs and their mixtures with aerosil, granulation with different polymers and their effect on the release of rifampicin, rifampicin stability in function of pH, coating and microencapsulation of rifampicin with chitosan, and finally the development of solid oral formulations in the form of powder for reconstitution and dispersible tablet containing a fixed-dose combination of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. We evaluated the viscosity, pH, content of drug and stability of the reconstituted preparations, as well as average weight, hardness, disintegration time, dissolution profile and friability of the tablets. The Ozawa method was used for DSC studies kinetic to estimate the frequency factor, the activation energy and the order of reactions that lead to degradation of solid dosage forms. The two solid dosage forms when dispersed in water, resulting in pseudo-plastic suspension easy to be handled, measured and administered, and can be used for up to 12 hours after reconstitution.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-04-05T14:52:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Barbato Maroso.pdf: 5057513 bytes, checksum: c943b197d21e43ed1010a4fdbcfdbcb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T14:52:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Barbato Maroso.pdf: 5057513 bytes, checksum: c943b197d21e43ed1010a4fdbcfdbcb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The present work discusses the social housing investments made by Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV) from a sociospatial perspective, taking into consideration several aspects of regional, territorial, municipal and community management, as well as the federal program management itself. Since 2009, PMCMV has been the main Brazilian federal housing program initiative and its Level 1 production, which is designated to families with zero to three minimal wages, was considered by this research as social housing. The selected time frame was from 2009 to 2014, addressing the first and second stages of the program. The territorial frame, denominated ?Campinas-Mogi Axis?, was defined by sociospatial relations discovered through the research, disregarding the political-administrative boundaries and not reducing the focus to the road that structures this axis. The starting point of the work was the hypothesis that the social housing produced by PMCMV increases urban sprawl, which, as observed in the study case, is stimulated by both public and private investments. To achieve the proposed objective, social history was adopted as method, aiming to comprehend reality through it and considering a variety of versions, other than the official ones. The research was also based on literature review about the studied themes and a study case. The analysis systematization, confronted with the literature review, was divided in two scales: regional (Campinas-Mogi Axis) and intraurban (study case), in this scale two social housing condominiums in Jaguari?na City were studied and revealed to be a great contribution in the urban sprawl phenomenon understanding. Finally, it was noticed that the PMCMV and territory management implications lead to a sprawl conducive scenario and to territory fragmentation along the cities, both in regional and local levels, leading to the proposed hypothesis. / Esta disserta??o trata dos investimentos do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida em Habita??o de Interesse Social, a partir de diversos aspectos de gest?o regional, territorial, municipal, dos conjuntos e do programa federal, sob perspectiva socioespacial. O PMCMV, desde 2009, ? a principal iniciativa federal brasileira de provis?o habitacional, sendo que a produ??o para Faixa 1, destinada a fam?lias com renda entre zero e tr?s sal?rios m?nimos, foi entendida como de interesse social por esta pesquisa. Esse entendimento prov?m do fato de haver destina??o de recursos a fundo perdido e demanda fechada para essa faixa. O recorte temporal se colocou entre 2009 e 2014, abordando as duas primeiras etapas desse programa. J? o recorte territorial, que se denominou por "Eixo Campinas-Mogi", foi definido pelas rela??es socioespaciais encontradas, n?o se observando os limites pol?tico-administrativos, tampouco sendo reduzido ? rodovia que estrutura o eixo. Partiu-se da hip?tese de que os conjuntos habitacionais produzidos acentuam o processo de urbaniza??o dispersa, lido no territ?rio em tela, estimulado pelos investimentos particulares e p?blicos. Para alcan?ar os objetivos propostos, utilizou-se da hist?ria social como m?todo, buscando compreender a realidade por meio dela, considerando outras vers?es que n?o s? a oficial. Tamb?m se baseou em revis?o bibliogr?fica acerca dos temas abordados e de um estudo de caso. A organiza??o da an?lise, indo ao encontro da revis?o bibliogr?fica, se deu em duas escalas: regional (Eixo Campinas-Mogi) e intra-urbana (estudo de caso). Para esta ?ltima, optou-se pelo estudo de dois conjuntos habitacionais na cidade de Jaguari?na, que se mostraram prof?cuos no entendimento dos fen?menos causados pela dispers?o urbana. Por fim, compreendeu-se que as implica??es da gest?o do PMCMV e do territ?rio confluem para um cen?rio favor?vel ? dispers?o e ? fragmenta??o do territ?rio das cidades, tanto no ?mbito regional quanto no local, caminhando em dire??o ? hip?tese pretendida.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JEFERSON CARLOS BORDIGNON.pdf: 1541651 bytes, checksum: ecec97d87d28d54a99acdf0d97e86e08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-13 / How the adolescent phenomenon has been studied and understood in psychology in the last ten years? From this issue and assuming as a theoretical framework the historic-cultural psychology, this bibliographic research objective contribute to a critical reflection on the subject. The analysis of article abstracts and keywords returned by the Scielo database between 2003 and 2013, which were constituted as our research material, reveals the difficulty in accessing information in this way, since lack basic information about the research in the abstracts. It is evident, also, certain vagueness of what "method" since the dispersion of methods and techniques to study the adolescence of psychology point of view and the concentration of these techniques (application of standardized instruments). As the dispersion of theories, with the concurrent concentration of one of them (psychoanalysis) and the unequal distribution of publications in the Brazilian regions (South and Southeast regions produced ? of the total). Adolescence related issues are in your majority fragmented or focus pathologies. It is concluded that this issue, adolescence is a complex phenomenon and can be approached by different points of view and studied by various methods and techniques, however, there is not a minimum consensus on how to study it. This dispersion of contradictory theories and methodologies hinders the advancement of psychology as a field of knowledge, because there is no formulation that is adolescence to psychology, but definitions restricted to its numerous approaches. / Como vem sendo estudado e compreendido o fen?meno da adolesc?ncia no campo da psicologia nos ?ltimos dez anos? Partindo dessa problem?tica e assumindo como referencial te?rico a Psicologia Hist?rico-Cultural, esta pesquisa de natureza bibliogr?fica objetiva contribuir para uma reflex?o cr?tica sobre o tema. A an?lise dos resumos de artigos e palavras-chave retornados pela base de dados Scielo no per?odo entre 2003 e 2013, que se constitu?ram como nosso material de pesquisa, revela a dificuldade em acessar informa??es por esta via, visto que faltam dados fundamentais sobre as pesquisas nos resumos. Evidencia-se, tamb?m, certa indefini??o do que seja m?todo visto a dispers?o de m?todos e t?cnicas para se estudar a adolesc?ncia do ponto de vista da psicologia e a concentra??o de uma dessas t?cnicas (aplica??o de instrumentos padronizados). Assim como a dispers?o de teorias, com a concorrente concentra??o de uma delas (psican?lise) e a distribui??o desigual de publica??es nas regi?es brasileiras (regi?es Sul e Sudeste produziram ? do total). Assuntos relacionados ? adolesc?ncia s?o em sua maioria fragmentados ou focalizam patologias. Conclui-se que esta tem?tica, a adolesc?ncia, ? um fen?meno complexo, podendo ser abordado por diversos pontos de vista e estudado atrav?s de diversos m?todos e t?cnicas, por?m, n?o h? um consenso m?nimo sobre como se deve estud?-la. Essa dispers?o de teorias e metodologias contradit?rias dificulta o avan?o da psicologia enquanto ?rea do conhecimento, pois n?o h? uma formula??o do que seja a adolesc?ncia para a psicologia, mas defini??es restritas ?s suas in?meras abordagens.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlaGracyRM.pdf: 2168953 bytes, checksum: c493025d0ce540e9abdc851f15c87e7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Waste stabilization ponds (WSP) have been widely used for sewage treatment in hot climate regions because they are economic and environmentally sustainable. In the present study a WSP complex comprising a primary facultative pond (PFP) followed by two maturation ponds (MP-1 and MP-2) was studied, in the city of Natal-RN. The main objective was to study the bio-degradability of organic matter through the determination of the kinetic constant k throughout the system. The work was carried out in two phases. In the first, the variability in BOD, COD and TOC concentrations and an analysis of the relations between these parameters, in the influent raw sewage, pond effluents and in specific areas inside the ponds was studied. In the second stage, the decay rate for organic matter (k) was determined throughout the system based on BOD tests on the influent sewage, pond effluents and water column samples taken from fixed locations within the ponds, using the mathematical methods of Least Squares and the Thomas equation. Subsequently k was estimated as a function of a hydrodynamic model determined from the dispersion number (d), using empirical methods and a Partial Hydrodynamic Evaluation (PHE), obtained from tracer studies in a section of the primary facultative pond corresponding to 10% of its total length. The concentrations of biodegradable organic matter, measured as BOD and COD, gradually reduced through the series of ponds, giving overall removal efficiencies of 71.95% for BOD and of 52.45% for COD. Determining the values for k, in the influent and effluent samples of the ponds using the mathematical method of Least Squares, gave the following values respectively: primary facultative pond (0,23 day-1 and 0,09 day-1), maturation 1 (0,04 day-1 and 0,03 day-1) and maturation 2 (0,03 day-1 and 0,08 day-1). When using the Thomas method, the values of k in the influents and effluents of the ponds were: primary facultative pond (0,17 day-1 and 0,07 day-1), maturation 1 (0,02 day-1 and 0,01 day-1) and maturation 2 (0,01 day-1 and 0,02 day-1). From the Partial Hydrodynamic Evaluation, in the first section of the facultative pond corresponding to 10% of its total length, it can be concluded from the dispersion number obtained of d = 0.04, that the hydraulic regime is one of dispersed flow with a kinetic constant value of 0.20 day-1 / Lagoas de estabiliza??o t?m sido utilizadas para tratamento de efluentes em regi?es de clima quentes apresentando viabilidade econ?mica e ambiental. No presente trabalho foi estudado um sistema de lagoas de estabiliza??o, na cidade do Natal, constitu?do por uma lagoa facultativa prim?ria (LFP) seguida de duas lagoas de matura??o (LM1 e LM2) e tem como objetivo o estudo da biodegradabilidade da mat?ria org?nica atrav?s da determina??o da constante cin?tica k ao longo deste sistema. O trabalho foi baseado em duas etapas: na primeira foi estudada a variabilidade da concentra??o da DBO, DQO e COT e an?lise das rela??es entre esses par?metros, no afluente, efluente e em ?reas dentro das lagoas. Na segunda etapa foi determinada a constante de biodegrada??o da mat?ria org?nica k inicialmente ao longo do sistema (afluentes, ?reas e efluentes), utilizando os m?todos matem?ticos dos M?nimos Quadrados e Thomas. Em seguida, k foi avaliado em fun??o do modelo hidrodin?mico determinado atrav?s do n?mero de dispers?o (d), pelos m?todos emp?ricos e pela Avalia??o Parcial Hidrodin?mica (APH), realizada por meio de tra?agem na lagoa facultativa prim?ria, em uma faixa correspondente a 10 % do comprimento total da lagoa. Na avalia??o dos par?metros analisados, durante o monitoramento, as concentra??es da mat?ria org?nica biodegrad?vel, medida pela DBO e DQO, foram, gradativamente, reduzidas entre os afluentes e efluentes do sistema, apresentando uma efici?ncia 71,95 % para DBO e de 52,45 % para DQO. Na determina??o da constante cin?tica k, pelos m?todos matem?ticos, considerando o M?todo dos m?nimos quadrados, temos os seguintes valores de k no afluente e efluente das lagoas: facultativa prim?ria (0,23 dia-1 e 0,09 dia-1), matura??o 1 (0,04 dia-1 e 0,03 dia-1) e matura??o 2 (0,03 dia-1 e 0,08 dia-1) e pelo m?todo de Thomas os valores de k no afluente e efluente das lagoas s?o: facultativa prim?ria (0,17 dia-1 e 0,07 dia-1), matura??o 1 (0,02 dia-1 e 0,01 dia-1) e matura??o 2 (0,01 dia-1 e 0,02 dia-1). Atrav?s da Avalia??o Parcial Hidrodin?mica, na faixa correspondente a 10% do comprimento total da lagoa facultativa prim?ria, pode-se concluir que, pelo numero de dispers?o encontrado (d = 0,04) o escoamento ? do tipo disperso e a constante cin?tica apresenta um valor de 0,20 dia-1

Die Charakterisierung von Dispersionen hat das Ziel, die Zusammensetzung und den Zustand von partikelhaltigen Stoffgemischen zu erfassen. Vor allem der Zustand der dispersen Phase (Partikel), der wiederum von der Größe und der Konzentration der Partikel bestimmt wird, ist in diesem Zusammenhang von besonderer Bedeutung. Neben optischen Verfahren, wie der Laserbeugung oder der Lichtstreuung, ist die Anwendung von akustischen Methoden vor allem dann sinnvoll, wenn die zu untersuchenden dispersen Stoffgemische opak und optische Methoden nur noch eingeschränkt (nach Verdünnung) anwendbar sind. Derartige Dispersionen weisen oftmals eine hohe Partikelkonzentration auf. Die Erfassung und Auswertung von Ultraschallechosignalen aus konzentrierten Dispersionen stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz innerhalb der akustischen Partikelmesstechnik dar. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Ultraschallrückstreuverhalten von konzentrierten Dispersionen im unteren Megahertzbereich durchgeführt. Die messtechnische Erfassung der von der Dispersion reflektierten Schallanteile stellte eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Vor allem bei Partikeln, die klein gegenüber der Wellenlänge des Schalls sind oder einen geringen akustischen Kontrast gegenüber der kontinuierlichen Phase aufweisen, ist ein entsprechend schwaches Echosignal zu erwarten. Im Ergebnis der durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigt sich eine hohe Sensitivität des akustischen Rückstreuverhaltens gegenüber der Zusammensatzung der Dispersion. Vor allem in konzentrierten Dispersionen kann die Messung direkt, d. h. ohne vorherige Verdünnung durchgeführt werden. Dieser Umstand prädestiniert das entwickelte Messverfahren für den Einsatz innerhalb der prozessnahen Charakterisierung von Partikelsystemen, beispielsweise bei Nasszerkleinerungs- oder Kristallisationsprozessen. Bei derartigen Prozessen ist eine Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung nicht oder nur eingeschränkt möglich.

Die Charakterisierung von Dispersionen hat das Ziel, die Zusammensetzung und den Zustand von partikelhaltigen Stoffgemischen zu erfassen. Vor allem der Zustand der dispersen Phase (Partikel), der wiederum von der Größe und der Konzentration der Partikel bestimmt wird, ist in diesem Zusammenhang von besonderer Bedeutung. Neben optischen Verfahren, wie der Laserbeugung oder der Lichtstreuung, ist die Anwendung von akustischen Methoden vor allem dann sinnvoll, wenn die zu untersuchenden dispersen Stoffgemische opak und optische Methoden nur noch eingeschränkt (nach Verdünnung) anwendbar sind. Derartige Dispersionen weisen oftmals eine hohe Partikelkonzentration auf. Die Erfassung und Auswertung von Ultraschallechosignalen aus konzentrierten Dispersionen stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz innerhalb der akustischen Partikelmesstechnik dar. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden theoretische und experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Ultraschallrückstreuverhalten von konzentrierten Dispersionen im unteren Megahertzbereich durchgeführt. Die messtechnische Erfassung der von der Dispersion reflektierten Schallanteile stellte eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Vor allem bei Partikeln, die klein gegenüber der Wellenlänge des Schalls sind oder einen geringen akustischen Kontrast gegenüber der kontinuierlichen Phase aufweisen, ist ein entsprechend schwaches Echosignal zu erwarten. Im Ergebnis der durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigt sich eine hohe Sensitivität des akustischen Rückstreuverhaltens gegenüber der Zusammensatzung der Dispersion. Vor allem in konzentrierten Dispersionen kann die Messung direkt, d. h. ohne vorherige Verdünnung durchgeführt werden. Dieser Umstand prädestiniert das entwickelte Messverfahren für den Einsatz innerhalb der prozessnahen Charakterisierung von Partikelsystemen, beispielsweise bei Nasszerkleinerungs- oder Kristallisationsprozessen. Bei derartigen Prozessen ist eine Probenahme und Probenaufbereitung nicht oder nur eingeschränkt möglich.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:15:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioFM.pdf: 1459636 bytes, checksum: 4f2bb557c6a5bddb80e46f325bd5b4dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this work we study the spectrum (bulk and surface modes) of exciton-polaritons in infinite and semi-infinite binary superlattices (such as, ???ABABA???), where the semiconductor medium (A), whose dielectric function depends on the frequency and the wavevector, alternating with a standard dielectric medium B. Here the medium A will be modeled by a nitride III-V semiconductor whose main characteristic is a wide-direct energy gap Eg. In particular, we consider the numerical values of gallium nitride (GaN) with a crystal structure wurtzite type. The transfer-matrix formalism is used to find the exciton-polariton dispersion relation. The results are obtained for both s (TE mode: transverse electric) and p (TM mode: transverse magnetic) polarizations, using three diferent kind of additional boundary conditions (ABC1, 2 e 3) besides the standard Maxwell's boundary conditions. Moreover, we investigate the behavior of the exciton-polariton modes for diferent ratios of the thickness of the two alternating materials forming the superlattice. The spectrums shows a confinement of the exciton-polariton modes due to the geometry of the superlattice. The method of Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) and Raman scattering are the most adequate for probing this excitations / Neste trabalho estudamos o espectro (modos de volume e de superf?cie) dos polaritons de exciton em uma super-rede bin?ria infinita e semi-infinita (tal como, ???ABABA???), onde um meio semicondutor (A), cuja fun??o diel?trica depende da frequ?ncia e do vetor de onda, alterna-se com um diel?trico comum (B). Aqui, o meio A ser? modelado por um semicondutor da fam?lia dos nitretos (semicondutor III-V) que tem como caracter?stica principal um gap de energia (Eg) direto e largo. Em particular, consideramos os valores num?ricos para o nitreto de g?lio (GaN) com uma estrutura cristalina tipo wurtzite. A t?cnica da matriz de transfer?ncia ? utilizada para encontrarmos a rela??o de dispers?o do polariton de exciton. Os resultados s?o obtidos para os modos de polariza??o s (ou modo TE: transversal el?trico) e p (ou modo TM: transversal magn?tico), usando tr?s diferentes condi??es de contorno adicionais (ABC1, 2 e 3), mais as condi??es de contorno padr?es de Maxwell. Al?m disso, investigamos o comportamento dos modos do polariton de exciton para diferentes raz?es entre as espessuras das camadas dos dois materiais que comp?em a super-rede Os espectros encontrados evidenciam um comportamento de confinamento dos polaritons de exciton devido ?s geometrias empregadas. As t?cnicas experimentais ATR ("Attenuated Total Reflection") e o espalhamento Raman s?o as mais adequadas para a caracteriza??o dessas excita??es