Cadáveres não reclamados constituíram por muito tempo o suprimento de material para o estudo da Anatomia Humana. No entanto, devido à melhoria da qualidade de vida decorrente das tecnologias atuais, bem como, o caráter ético, vem ocorrendo um rareamento progressivo da sua utilização. Frente a estas circunstâncias, e a impossibilidade da substituição total deste material por outro de qualquer natureza para o estudo da Anatomia e a prática da dissecção na formação de profissionais da área da saúde, a criação de Programas de Doação Voluntária de Corpos para Estudo Anatômico é apresentada como alternativa de captação de cadáveres. Essa ação altruísta encontra respaldo legal no artigo 14 da lei 10.406/02 do Código Civil Brasileiro que esclarece a quem desejar doar o seu corpo ou parte dele às instituições de pesquisa e estudo científicos, sem obter qualquer ganho pecuniário, deverá fazê-lo em vida, através de inequívoca e expressa declaração de vontade. Deste modo, com o objetivo de desenvolver o Programa de Doação Voluntária de Corpos para Estudo Anatômico (pdvcea) para o Departamento de Anatomia do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo (DA-ICB/USP) realizou-se no presente trabalho questionários relativos à obtenção de informações sobre: o conhecimento e a opinião da população de profissionais anatomistas e de alunos primeiranistas acerca do tema; a importância da disciplina de Anatomia e da dissecção para a prática profissional, bem como da população geral como fator de confiabilidade no profissional cirurgião médico. Os dados demonstraram que: a possibilidade de Doação de Corpos não é desconhecida pela maioria da população pesquisada, o que, não implica em potenciais doadores, e a necessidade de investimento em divulgação de mídia de massa. O pdvcea do DA-ICB/USP embora institucionalizado, ainda depende do parecer da Corregedoria do Estado de São Paulo, para diminuição do tempo de lavratura do assento do óbito, sem prejuízos financeiros aos familiares dos doadores, e da aquisição de jazigo pela instituição para homenagens aos doadores. / Unclaimed corpses were for many years the supply of human material for the study of human anatomy. However, due to improved quality of life and technology as well as the ethical character of the use, there has been the surround these. Faced with these circumstances, and the impossibility of total replacement of this material by others in training future professionals and the endless dissection technique, the Donation Voluntary Bodies for Anatomical Study is presented as an alternative to capture corpses and no legal impediment to such action, since the Civil Code provides for the donation of bodies for teaching and research through article 14 of Law 10.406/02, or who wish to donate your body or part of it to research institutions and scientific study, without obtaining any pecuniary gain, you should do it in life through clear and express statement of intent. Thus, the present study aimed to gather information about the knowledge and belief of the population of anatomists and freshmen, on the subject; obtain information on the importance of discipline and dissection for professional practice and reliability of the general population, and develop Donation Program Voluntary Bodies for Anatomical Study (pdvcea) for the Department of Anatomy at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (DA-ICB/USP). Regarding the importance of dissection for vocational training is considered, for the general population, such as reliability factor in professional medical surgeon, the possibility of donation Bodies is not unknown for the majority of the population studied, which do not necessarily set in potential donors. The Voluntary Donation Program is created, institutionalized, but still in the process of acquiring gravesite tributes to the institution; dependent for its dissemination, clarification and placement in mass media, as well as the opinion of the Magistrate of the State of São Paulo, to decrease the time of drafting the seat of death, without financial loss to the relatives of the donors.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Comparative Literature, August 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Markov chains are algorithms that can provide critical information from exponentially large sets efficiently through random sampling. These algorithms are ubiquitous across numerous scientific and engineering disciplines, including statistical physics, biology and operations research. In this thesis we solve sampling problems at the interface of theoretical computer science with applied computer science, discrete mathematics, statistical physics, chemistry and economics. A common theme throughout each of these problems is the use of bias. The first problem we study is biased permutations which arise in the context of self-organizing lists. Here we are interested in the mixing time of a Markov chain that performs nearest neighbor transpositions in the non-uniform setting. We are given "positively biased'' probabilities $\{p_{i,j} \geq 1/2 \}$ for all $i < j$ and let $p_{j,i} = 1-p_{i,j}$. In each step, the chain chooses two adjacent elements~$k,$ and~$\ell$ and exchanges their positions with probability $p_{ \ell, k}$. We define two general classes of bias and give the first proofs that the chain is rapidly mixing for both. We also demonstrate that the chain is not always rapidly mixing by constructing an example requiring exponential time to converge to equilibrium. Next we study rectangular dissections of an $n \times n$ lattice region into rectangles of area $n$, where $n=2^k$ for an even integer $k.$ We consider a weighted version of a natural edge flipping Markov chain where, given a parameter $\lambda > 0,$ we would like to generate each rectangular dissection (or dyadic tiling)~$\sigma$ with probability proportional to $\lambda^{|\sigma|},$ where $|\sigma|$ is the total edge length. First we look at the restricted case of dyadic tilings, where each rectangle is required to have the form $R = [s2^{u},(s+1)2^{u}]\times [t2^{v},(t+1)2^{v}],$ where $s, t, u$ and~$v$ are nonnegative integers. Here we show there is a phase transition: when $\lambda < 1,$ the edge-flipping chain mixes in time $O(n^2 \log n)$, and when $\lambda > 1,$ the mixing time is $\exp(\Omega({n^2}))$. The behavior for general rectangular dissections is more subtle, and we show the chain requires exponential time when $\lambda >1$ and when $\lambda <1.$ The last two problems we study arise directly from applications in chemistry and economics. Colloids are binary mixtures of molecules with one type of molecule suspended in another. It is believed that at low density typical configurations will be well-mixed throughout, while at high density they will separate into clusters. We characterize the high and low density phases for a general family of discrete interfering colloid models by showing that they exhibit a "clustering property" at high density and not at low density. The clustering property states that there will be a region that has very high area to perimeter ratio and very high density of one type of molecule. A special case is mixtures of squares and diamonds on $\Z^2$ which correspond to the Ising model at fixed magnetization. Subsequently, we expanded techniques developed in the context of colloids to give a new rigorous underpinning to the Schelling model, which was proposed in 1971 by economist Thomas Schelling to understand the causes of racial segregation. Schelling considered residents of two types, where everyone prefers that the majority of his or her neighbors are of the same type. He showed through simulations that even mild preferences of this type can lead to segregation if residents move whenever they are not happy with their local environments. We generalize the Schelling model to include a broad class of bias functions determining individuals happiness or desire to move. We show that for any influence function in this class, the dynamics will be rapidly mixing and cities will be integrated if the racial bias is sufficiently low. However when the bias is sufficiently high, we show the dynamics take exponential time to mix and a large cluster of one type will form.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2007. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

xv, 99 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / When cells are faced with the stress of oxygen deprivation (hypoxia), they must alter their physiology in order to survive. One adaptation cells make during hypoxia entails the transcriptional activation of specific groups of genes as well as the concurrent repression of other groups. This modulation is achieved through the actions of transcription factors, proteins that are directly involved in this transcriptional activation and repression. I studied the transcriptional response to hypoxia in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster utilizing DNA microarrays to examine the transcriptomes of five different mutant Drosophila strains deficient in the hypoxia-responsive transcription factors HIF-1, FOXO, NFkB, p53, and MTF-1. By comparing hypoxia responsive gene expression in these mutants to that of wild type flies and subsequently identifying binding sites for each transcription factor near putative target genes, I was able to identify the transcripts regulated by each transcription factor during hypoxia. I discovered that FOXO plays an unexpectedly large role in hypoxic gene regulation, regulating a greater number of genes than any other transcription factor. I also identified multiple interesting targets of other transcription factors and uncovered a potential regulatory link between HIF-1 and FOXO. This study is the most in-depth examination of the transcriptional hypoxia response to date. I was also involved in additional research on transcriptional stress responses in Drosophila. Also included in this dissertation are two papers on which I was the second author. One paper identified a regulatory link between the transcriptional responses to hypoxia and heat-shock. The other examined elevated CO 2 stress (hypercapnia) in Drosophila, showing that this stress causes the down-regulation of NFkB-dependent antimicrobial peptide gene expression. My studies of stress responses would not have been possible without well-described mutant fly strains. Another part of my dissertation research involved the creation of a method for characterizing new mutants for future studies. When researchers seek to identify the molecular nature of a mutation that causes an interesting phenotype, they must ultimately determine the specific responsible genomic sequence change. While classical genetic methods and other techniques can easily be used to roughly map the location of a mutation in a genome, regions identified by these means are usually so large that sequencing them to precisely identify the polymorphism is laborious and slow. I have developed a technique that makes sequencing genomic regions of this size much easier. My technique involves capturing genomic regions by hybridization of fragmented genomic target DNA to biotinylated probes generated from fosmid DNA, which are subsequently immobilized and washed on streptavidin beads. Genomic DNA fragments are then eluted by denaturation and sequenced using the latest generation of massively parallel sequencing technology. I have demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach by sequencing a mutation-containing 336-kilobase genomic region from a Caenorhabditis elegans strain. My entire protocol can be completed in two days, is relatively inexpensive, and is broadly applicable to any situation in which one wants to sequence a specific genomic region using massively parallel sequencing. This dissertation includes both my previously published and my coauthored materials. / Adviser: Eric Johnson

Thesis (MTech (Nursing))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. / To determine the incidence, risk factors and the treatment of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment at the oncology unit of KATH, Kumasi, Ghana from 01 January 2005 to 31 December 2008. Descriptive retrospective survey was used. Using a data capture sheet, data was collected from the medical records of the breast cancer patients. Breast cancer and lymphedema-related variables were collected. Data was analyzed as descriptive statistics. Chi-square test was applied to determine whether or not two variables are independent variables. Among 313 patients treated for breast cancer between 2005 and 2008, 31 (9.9%) developed lymphedema after treatment. A chi-square test showed that axillary lymph node dissection was statistically a significant risk factor of lymphedema (Chi-square test value=7.055, P value=0.008). Radiation and late stage of breast cancer diagnosis may have contributed in development of lymphedema despite having P value> 0.05. Age, body mass index (BMI) and hypertension were also not associated with lymphedema.

Cadáveres não reclamados constituíram por muito tempo o suprimento de material para o estudo da Anatomia Humana. No entanto, devido à melhoria da qualidade de vida decorrente das tecnologias atuais, bem como, o caráter ético, vem ocorrendo um rareamento progressivo da sua utilização. Frente a estas circunstâncias, e a impossibilidade da substituição total deste material por outro de qualquer natureza para o estudo da Anatomia e a prática da dissecção na formação de profissionais da área da saúde, a criação de Programas de Doação Voluntária de Corpos para Estudo Anatômico é apresentada como alternativa de captação de cadáveres. Essa ação altruísta encontra respaldo legal no artigo 14 da lei 10.406/02 do Código Civil Brasileiro que esclarece a quem desejar doar o seu corpo ou parte dele às instituições de pesquisa e estudo científicos, sem obter qualquer ganho pecuniário, deverá fazê-lo em vida, através de inequívoca e expressa declaração de vontade. Deste modo, com o objetivo de desenvolver o Programa de Doação Voluntária de Corpos para Estudo Anatômico (pdvcea) para o Departamento de Anatomia do Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de São Paulo (DA-ICB/USP) realizou-se no presente trabalho questionários relativos à obtenção de informações sobre: o conhecimento e a opinião da população de profissionais anatomistas e de alunos primeiranistas acerca do tema; a importância da disciplina de Anatomia e da dissecção para a prática profissional, bem como da população geral como fator de confiabilidade no profissional cirurgião médico. Os dados demonstraram que: a possibilidade de Doação de Corpos não é desconhecida pela maioria da população pesquisada, o que, não implica em potenciais doadores, e a necessidade de investimento em divulgação de mídia de massa. O pdvcea do DA-ICB/USP embora institucionalizado, ainda depende do parecer da Corregedoria do Estado de São Paulo, para diminuição do tempo de lavratura do assento do óbito, sem prejuízos financeiros aos familiares dos doadores, e da aquisição de jazigo pela instituição para homenagens aos doadores. / Unclaimed corpses were for many years the supply of human material for the study of human anatomy. However, due to improved quality of life and technology as well as the ethical character of the use, there has been the surround these. Faced with these circumstances, and the impossibility of total replacement of this material by others in training future professionals and the endless dissection technique, the Donation Voluntary Bodies for Anatomical Study is presented as an alternative to capture corpses and no legal impediment to such action, since the Civil Code provides for the donation of bodies for teaching and research through article 14 of Law 10.406/02, or who wish to donate your body or part of it to research institutions and scientific study, without obtaining any pecuniary gain, you should do it in life through clear and express statement of intent. Thus, the present study aimed to gather information about the knowledge and belief of the population of anatomists and freshmen, on the subject; obtain information on the importance of discipline and dissection for professional practice and reliability of the general population, and develop Donation Program Voluntary Bodies for Anatomical Study (pdvcea) for the Department of Anatomy at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (DA-ICB/USP). Regarding the importance of dissection for vocational training is considered, for the general population, such as reliability factor in professional medical surgeon, the possibility of donation Bodies is not unknown for the majority of the population studied, which do not necessarily set in potential donors. The Voluntary Donation Program is created, institutionalized, but still in the process of acquiring gravesite tributes to the institution; dependent for its dissemination, clarification and placement in mass media, as well as the opinion of the Magistrate of the State of São Paulo, to decrease the time of drafting the seat of death, without financial loss to the relatives of the donors.

Digital information technology has been defined as “changing how people learn, teach, work, and play. By the year 2005, the capabilities and the affordability of digital technology could catalyze and facilitate the wholesale transformation of education and the communities that support it” (Center for Technology in Learning, 1994[online]) Education as a professional field is also constantly changing, values shift, new curricula are introduced, and new technologies redefine how we teach and learn. The most interesting and important innovation in education in recent years is the widespread introduction of computers into schools. Computers represent powerful tools that can be used by both students and teachers for instructional purposes. Of particular interest is the Internet and more specifically, the World Wide Web (www), which is radically redefining how we obtain information and the way we teach and learn (Adams, 1995 [online]). Images and information from all around the world can be accessed easily in the classroom. Biology is one of the school subjects taught in South Africa. This demands sessions that may include dissections. Dissection can be defined as cutting and separating of constituent parts of an animal or a plant specimen for a scientific study and as observing or cutting into a dead animal for purposes of learning anatomy or physiology (Balcombe, 1997:34). It is thought that dissection enhances the knowledge and understanding of internal organs, their relationships and their functioning, and that maximum learning is most likely to be achieved by maximising the personal experience of the reality being taught (Wheeler, 1993:39). However, dissection has always been a controversial issue in biology teaching. In fact, when forced to use animals in ways to which the student objects, the student may even be traumatised and learn less (Adams, 1995: [online]). / Mr. G.V. Lautenbach