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INTRODUCTION: Non-extraction Class II malocclusion treatments often employ the use of maxillary dentition distalization mechanics. The rationale behind these mechanics is to treat the sagittal position of the maxillary dentition to the mandibular dentition. As anchorage loss may occur after distalization of molars, inter-arch mechanics are often used during comprehensive treatment that may manifest in the finish as a more protrusive lower dentition. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of several distalization modalities, used as part of comprehensive orthodontics, by measuring the overall effects on the dentition and soft tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four different modalities of distalization treatment of Class II malocclusion were compared regarding dental and soft tissue changes: Distal Jet (n=26), Horseshoe Jet (n=26), Pendulum (n=26), and the MGBM (Maino, Giannelly, Bernard, Mura) protocol (n=25). The Horseshoe Jet and MGBM methods use miniscrews supported anchorage while the Distal Jet and pendulum do not. The majority of the pendulum subjects (24 of 26) were prescribed headgear wear. For each of the groups, lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment and after comprehensive treatment. RESULTS: Minimal differences in soft tissue changes between the groups were found; however, significant (p≤0.05) differences in dental changes between groups for lower incisor, upper incisor, and upper first molar sagittal positions were found. Lower incisors showed significant protrusion and proclination for the Distal Jet experimental group (p<0.05). The upper incisor showed the greatest uprighting and retraction (p<0.05) in the pendulum group and the most proclination (p<0.01) in the Horseshoe Jet group. CONCLUSION: Three out of four experimental groups showed some amount of lower incisor protrusion and/or proclination. Bone anchored modalities had reduced side effects on the lower incisors, with the Horseshoe Jet showing less change than Distal Jet (p=0.05) and the MGBM group showing no significant change. The pendulum group had the greatest upper incisor retraction and showed negligible lower incisor proclination with only 1 out of 6 measurements showing significance.

Compulsando a literatura nota-se uma diversidade de formas de tratamento, apoiadas em diferentes mecanismos terapêuticos, para a correção da má oclusão de Classe II. No entanto, poucos trabalhos estudam a estabilidade da correção com o aparelho Pendulum. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a estabilidade do tratamento da Classe II em longo prazo (5 anos) com o aparelho Pendulum, seguido pelo aparelho fixo. A amostra consistiu de 20 pacientes (14 do gênero feminino e 6 do masculino). A média da idade, ao inicio do tratamento (T1), foi de 14,02 ± 1,62 anos, ao final do tratamento (T2), 18,38 ± 1,84 anos, e no pós-tratamento (T3), 22,94 ± 1,34 anos. Para a análise, foram utilizados traçados cefalométricos e modelos de estudo nas 3 fases. As variáveis nos 3 grupos, foram comparadas pela análise de variância a um critério ANOVA, considerando significativo o valor de P < 0,05. Os resultados mostraram uma grande estabilidade das variáveis cefalométricas, sendo estatisticamente diferentes somente a inclinação do primeiro molar e a posição ântero-posterior do lábio superior. A avaliação do índice PAR demonstrou que o tratamento com o aparelho Pendulum seguido pelo aparelho fixo, foi estável 5 anos pós-tratamento. Conclui-se que o tratamento da Classe II com o aparelho Pendulum e o aparelho fixo, foi estável em longo prazo. / There are, in the literature, several forms of treatment, supported by different therapeutic mechanisms for the correction of Class II malocclusion. However, a few works have studied the stability of Class II correction with the Pendulum appliance. Therefore, this study aimed at verifying the long-term stability (5 years) of a treatment with the Pendulum appliance followed by a fixed one. The sample consisted of 20 patients (14 females and 6 males). The average age at the beginning of the treatment (T1) was 14,02 ± 1,62 yrs, and at the end of the treatment (T2), 18,38 ± 1,84 yrs, and at the post-treatment (T3), 22,94 ± 1,34 yrs. Cephalometric measurements and cast models were used in the 3 phases and the variables for the 3 groups were compared by ANOVA variance analysis, by considering P<0,05, a significant value. The results show a great stability of the cephalometric variables, being statistically different, only the tipping of the 1st molar and the upper lip thickness. The PAR index assessment demonstrated that the treatment with the pendulum appliance, followed by a fixed one, was stable, 5 yrs post-treatment. It was concluded that the Class II treatment with the Pendulum appliance, followed by a fixed one, was more stable in the long term.

Compulsando a literatura nota-se uma diversidade de formas de tratamento, apoiadas em diferentes mecanismos terapêuticos, para a correção da má oclusão de Classe II. No entanto, poucos trabalhos estudam a estabilidade da correção com o aparelho Pendulum. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a estabilidade do tratamento da Classe II em longo prazo (5 anos) com o aparelho Pendulum, seguido pelo aparelho fixo. A amostra consistiu de 20 pacientes (14 do gênero feminino e 6 do masculino). A média da idade, ao inicio do tratamento (T1), foi de 14,02 ± 1,62 anos, ao final do tratamento (T2), 18,38 ± 1,84 anos, e no pós-tratamento (T3), 22,94 ± 1,34 anos. Para a análise, foram utilizados traçados cefalométricos e modelos de estudo nas 3 fases. As variáveis nos 3 grupos, foram comparadas pela análise de variância a um critério ANOVA, considerando significativo o valor de P < 0,05. Os resultados mostraram uma grande estabilidade das variáveis cefalométricas, sendo estatisticamente diferentes somente a inclinação do primeiro molar e a posição ântero-posterior do lábio superior. A avaliação do índice PAR demonstrou que o tratamento com o aparelho Pendulum seguido pelo aparelho fixo, foi estável 5 anos pós-tratamento. Conclui-se que o tratamento da Classe II com o aparelho Pendulum e o aparelho fixo, foi estável em longo prazo. / There are, in the literature, several forms of treatment, supported by different therapeutic mechanisms for the correction of Class II malocclusion. However, a few works have studied the stability of Class II correction with the Pendulum appliance. Therefore, this study aimed at verifying the long-term stability (5 years) of a treatment with the Pendulum appliance followed by a fixed one. The sample consisted of 20 patients (14 females and 6 males). The average age at the beginning of the treatment (T1) was 14,02 ± 1,62 yrs, and at the end of the treatment (T2), 18,38 ± 1,84 yrs, and at the post-treatment (T3), 22,94 ± 1,34 yrs. Cephalometric measurements and cast models were used in the 3 phases and the variables for the 3 groups were compared by ANOVA variance analysis, by considering P<0,05, a significant value. The results show a great stability of the cephalometric variables, being statistically different, only the tipping of the 1st molar and the upper lip thickness. The PAR index assessment demonstrated that the treatment with the pendulum appliance, followed by a fixed one, was stable, 5 yrs post-treatment. It was concluded that the Class II treatment with the Pendulum appliance, followed by a fixed one, was more stable in the long term.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:31:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco Alexandre Baptista da Silva.pdf: 816513 bytes, checksum: 920442db69c519bfaf2584c0fc9bfe43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-18 / This study aimed to cephalometrically evaluate the space and positioning of crowns of unerupted permanent maxillary second and third molars at the region of the maxil-lary tuberosity during distalization of maxillary first molars, as well as to verify the cor-relation between these two variables. The sample was composed of 38 right lateral cephalograms, obtained of 19 young Brazilian patients, both Caucasoid and of Afri-can descent, being 6 males and 13 females, with mean age 9 years 5 months 13 days. The methodology initially comprised division of periods, namely initial (T1) and after distalization of the permanent maxillary first molar (T2) in a mean period of 10 months and 23 days. The space and angulation of existing crowns was analyzed with the aid of an intracranial reference line (line M), which was delineated from two points, the point SE located on the sphenoethmoidal suture, and the point Pt located at the anterior region of the pterygopalatine suture. This reference line was trans-ferred to the point F (line M ), located at the most posterior and inferior region of the maxillary tuberosity. The evaluated space was located from the line M to the distal aspect of the permanent maxillary first molar. Statistical analysis was performed by the Student s t test; correlation between the space and angulation was calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. It was concluded that the corresponding space between the distal aspect of permanent maxillary first molars and the end of the max-illary tuberosity, at the initial stage and after distalization, is not enough for the erup-tion of permanent maxillary second and third molars. The angulation of crowns in the initial period and after distalization revealed distal angulation of the crowns. With re-gard to the correlation of angulations of crowns of the permanent maxillary second and third molars and the space for eruption, it was observed that the greater the dis-tal angulation of crowns, the smaller will be the space available for eruption.(AU) / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar cefalometricamente, o espaço e po-sicionamento das coroas dos segundos e terceiros molares superiores permanentes não erupcionados na região da tuberosidade maxilar durante a distalização dos pri-meiros molares superiores, além de verificar a correlação entre estas duas variáveis. A amostra foi constituída de 38 telerradiografias em norma lateral direita, obtidas de 19 pacientes, jovens brasileiros, leucodermas e melanodermas, sendo 6 do sexo masculino e 13 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 9 anos 5 meses 13 dias. A metodologia constou inicialmente da divisão dos tempos (T1) inicial, e após a distali-zação do primeiro molar superior permanente em (T2) por um período médio de 10 meses e 23 dias. Para avaliação do espaço e angulação das coroas existente utili-zou-se uma Linha referencial intracraniana (Linha M) sendo esta demarcada, a partir de dois pontos, o ponto SE localizado na sutura esfenoetmoidal, e o ponto Pt locali-zado na parte anterior da fossa pterigopalatina. Esta linha referencial foi transferida até o ponto F, (Linha M ) ponto este localizado na região mais posterio-inferior da tuberosidade maxilar. O espaço avaliado compreendeu entre a Linha M , até a face distal do primeiro molar superior permanente. Na análise estatística usou-se o teste t (Teste t Student) , e na correlação entre espaço e angulação foi utilizado o coefi-ciente de correlação de Pearson. Concluímos que o espaço correspondente entre a distal dos primeiros molares superiores permanentes e extremidade da tuberosidade maxilar, na fase inicial e após a movimentação distal, não é suficiente para a erup-ção dos segundos e terceiros molares superiores permanentes. A angulação das coroas na fase inicial e após a movimentação distal posicionam-se com angulações mais para distal. Quanto à correlação das angulações das coroas dos segundos e terceiros molares superiores permanentes e o espaço para erupção verificamos que quanto maior a angulação das coroas para distal, menor os espaços oferecidos para a erupção.(AU)