The thesis compares national legal regulations in area of E-Commerce in Austria, Germany and the Czech Republic. The comparison has been made from several points of view. The first section of the thesis focuses on the area of incorporation of three European directives (93/13/ES on unfair terms in consumer contracts, 97/7/ES on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts and 2000/31/EU on electronic commerce), which frame consumer protection on the European level in respect of e commerce contracts. In the next section basic principles of contract law are compared in each of the surveyed legal systems. Each of the contract related conditions are compared step by step to their partner conditions in the other two countries (general terms and conditions, information duty of entrepreneur, consumer's right of withdrawal). The very last section covers an international civil law, and its effects on consumer protection as analyzed in compared nations. The comparison has proved my primary assumption that all three legal systems in the area of E Commerce almost identical, aside from the major difference in the definition of the term consumer itself.

Selected aspects of consumer contracts Abstract: This thesis occupies selected aspects of consumer's contracts. It focuses on the phenomenon of commercial terms and conditions, their unilateral changes, the adhesion method of negotiating contracts and related customer protection against the abuse of standardization and simplification of the process of negotiation and conclusion of contract amendments. The second part focuses on the process of concluding a distance contract with a consumer and it discusses the different phases of the process of concluding agreements and the practice of deviation from standard procedures foreseen by law on a practical example of an e-shop. The aim is to evaluate the current legal situation and its development regarding to the transposed European directives and adumbrate the interpretation of certain provisions.

The diploma thesis deals with the protection of a consumer in consumer contracts with the fact that it is based on Czech law as well as on European Union legislation, because there are directions, which had to be implemented into the legal order of the Czech Republic. First of all I deal with basic characteristic of the legal regulation of consumer protection and its sources. The issue of consumer contracts is divided into three parts. The first one is just about contracts and rules, which determine all consumer contracts. The second part describes specific types of consumer contracts and finally I outlined perspective of a next development of this problem. I also try to focus on European aspect of regulation of consumer contracts and I found out, that Czech lawmaker has got a massive lack of knowledge in the implementation.

Consumer protection is one of the major areas that The European Union focused on in recent years. With regard to the developement in technical communication the distance contracts became more important. This diploma thesis is focused on the distance contracts and the aim is to introduce and compare the legislation of the distance contratcts according to the previous directive 97/7/EC on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts and the new directive 2011/83/EU on consumer rights. The diploma thesis introduce shortages of the previous directive, reasons for creation the new directive and changes setting up by the new one. The diploma thesis also analyses chosen judgements of The Court of Justice of the European Union relating to the directive 97/7/ES.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio de Barros Bruno.pdf: 890911 bytes, checksum: 9346b4a64a52cf5d8b7c4defa69ea1b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-21 / Article #49 of the Brazilian Consumer Bill of Rights (CDC Law 8.078/1990) establishes consumers right to return unwanted merchandise to suppliers within a period of 7 days for a full refund in the case of distance contracts. This law is intended to ensure consumers convenience and opportunity at the moment of purchase, compensate for consumers lack of familiarity with the product or service purchased, and protect consumers against particularly aggressive marketing practices. However, although the literal interpretation of this law specifies a 7-day refund period and contracts celebrated at distance for the exercise of this right, jurisprudence and judicial doctrine have not yet determined the exact boundaries under which consumers may return unwanted products. In other words, any product or service purchased from a supplier at distance may be returned within a 7-day period no-questions-asked. In any case, in e-commerce dealings the unrestricted exercise of this right can lead to significant losses on part of the suppliers. But, far from ignoring consumers rights suppliers often underscore them, though the actual scope and applicability of these rights remain to be clearly established. If consumers rights to return unwanted merchandise are exercised within the principles informing the legal system, they will eventually become a means of harmonizing e-commerce relations and, consequently, of encouraging participation in worldwide computer networks. / O direito de arrependimento é a prerrogativa instituída pelo art. 49 do Código de Defesa do Consumidor mediante a qual é facultado ao consumidor desistir, no prazo de sete dias e sem qualquer ônus, do contrato que tenha efetuado fora do estabelecimento comercial do fornecedor. Esta prerrogativa do consumidor tem por objetivo básico garantir a conveniência e oportunidade no ato de consumo, tanto suprindo a falta de contato prévio do consumidor com o produto ou serviço que adquire fora do estabelecimento do fornecedor, como coibindo as práticas comerciais eivadas de marketing agressivo. De acordo com uma interpretação gramatical desse artigo, em um primeiro momento, salvo o lugar onde se firmou o contrato e o prazo de reflexão, aparentemente pouco tem sido dito pela doutrina em relação a qualquer outro limite para que o consumidor exerça o direito em foco. Em suma, basta que o produto ou serviço tenha sido contratado fora do estabelecimento comercial e que a manifestação da desistência ocorra dentro no prazo de reflexão, para que ele seja exercido. Tal fato leva alguns doutrinadores a buscar interpretações que negam quase que totalmente a aplicação do direito de arrependimento ao comércio eletrônico, uma vez que sua aplicação irrestrita pode ser bastante prejudicial, sobretudo, ao empresário. O caminho no comércio eletrônico, no entanto, não é negar esse direito ao consumidor, mas sim, despertá-lo para a sua existência. Os limites de sua aplicabilidade, todavia, devem ser traçados a fim de se estabelecerem regras claras para os participantes da relação de consumo. Logo, uma interpretação mais adequada desse instituto se faz necessária à luz do comércio eletrônico; interpretação que possibilite não só um ponto de equilíbrio na aplicabilidade do direito de arrependimento fundamentado no próprio sistema jurídico, mas que também desperte a atenção dos consumidores para o seu exercício. É necessário o equilíbrio. Isto é, não negá-lo, mas acordar a sociedade para o seu uso; não para seu emprego desregrado e ilimitado, mas para o seu uso dentro dos princípios que regem o sistema, como meio de harmonização das relações de consumo no comércio eletrônico e, por conseqüência, como instrumento para a ampliação do número de pessoas incluídas na rede mundial de computadores.