Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate which product attributes lead consumers to prefer startups’ products over established companies’ products in the specialty product category. The research object is the electric vehicle market in Germany and the product attributes that are researched are alignable attributes, non-alignable attributes and the price. Design/Methodology/Approach – Quantitative data was collected via an internet questionnaire by means of the non-probability sampling techniques convenience and snowball sampling. The data of 408 members of the German Generation Y (age 17 – 38) was used to test six hypotheses by applying ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings – It was found that established companies possess a pioneer advantage in comparison to startups for the specialty product ‘electric vehicle’. This advantage can be overcome when startups differentiate their electric vehicles by implementing superior alignable attributes, a valuable non-alignable attribute or a lower price. Superior alignable attributes had the strongest positive influence on consumers’ preferences towards the startup’s electric vehicle, followed by the lower price and a valuable non-alignable attribute. Limitations/Implications – This study is limited to investigating consumers’ preferences without focusing on the reasons behind the preferences. Further, the category of specialty products is represented by only one example, namely the electric vehicle industry. Practical Implications – Startups can benefit from the results by adopting differentiation strategies that were found to be successful in overcoming pioneer advantage. Originality/Value – This study contributes to pioneer advantage literature by researching how startups can successfully overcome pioneer advantage in the specialty product category.

Objective: Public projects are used to deliver policy objectives. From a financial perspective, the Major Projects Authority (MPA) estimated a whole life investment of £488 billion for 199 major projects in 2014, only a small subset of the total number of public projects. Given the financial exposure, the impact of endemic public project failures could put the economic health of the nation at risk. This thesis studies the challenges facing public projects. It applies an organisational capabilities lens to investigate projectification, when organisations shift away from functional-based organising (FBO) toward project-based organising (PBO). Research Design: This study adopts an interpretivist research paradigm, with a constructionist epistemology and an idealist ontology, and employs an abductive research strategy. Structurally, it follows the Cranfield Executive Doctorate in Business Administration (DBA) methodology, with a linking document that summarises three complementary research projects: a systematic literature review (SLR) followed by two empirical studies that investigate the Department of Health (DoH) during the early phases of the Next Stage Review Implementation Programme (NSRIP). The findings are derived from over 250 academic literature sources, 100 government publications and 41 semi-structured interviews.

[pt] O trabalho visa o estudo das marcas de posição sob a perspectiva da distintividade adquirida pelo uso do conjunto marcário, composto por elemento não distintivo em local singular e específico. Para tanto, serão reunidos fundamentos na doutrina e na jurisprudência pátria que conduzam à admissão desta forma de apresentação para fins de reconhecimento e registro das marcas de posição sob o argumento do secondary meaning. / [en] The work aims at the study of position marks from the perspective of the distinctiveness acquired by the use of the trademark set, composed of a non-distinctive element in a singular and specific location. Therefore, fundamentals will be gathered in the doctrine and in the national jurisprudence that lead to the admission of this form of presentation for the purposes of recognition and registration of position marks under the argument of secondary meaning.

A wide variety of aspects of Machaka's poetry was treated. His poetry which is meaningful when viewed against his traditional culture brings inspiration and a formal mode of literary expression. Death was never accepted by the Tlokwa as an end to life. Machaka has succeeded in blending the ancestral worship with Christian faith. He has used euphemism to modify pain. He makes use of imagery to execute cruelty and bluntness of death. Machaka's protest poetry echoes the same protest of those of other protesters. These refer to the injustice the Blacks experienced from the white regime prior to independence. From his love poems, it is noticed that Machaka is a great lover. When he is in love, he becomes a slave. Machaka uses traditional and modem praise poetry techniques. This made him manage to produce poetry which made a definite impact on Northern Sotho literature and contributed to its depth / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

Disertacijoje nagrinėjamos aktualios problemos, kylančios komercinių žymenų (prekių ženklų, firmų vardų ir kitų komercinėje veikloje naudojamų žymenų, turinčių skiriamąjį požymį) teisinės apsaugos srityje. Disertacijos turinį sudaro keturi skyriai, iš kurių pirmasis nagrinėja komercinių žymenų teisinės apsaugos tikslus ir formas, o kiti – tam tikrą probleminę komercinių žymenų teisinės apsaugos sritį: firmų vardų sampratą ir teisinės apsaugos ribas; komercinių žymenų apsaugą pagal nesąžiningos konkurencijos teisę; reputaciją turinčių žymenų papildomą apsaugą; nagrinėjamų institutų tarpusavio kolizijas. Disertacijoje pateikiami argumentuoti autorės siūlymai dėl darbe nagrinėjamų komercinių žymenų teisinės apsaugos problemų sprendimo būdų. / This work examines the problems arising in the field of legal protection of trade marks, trade names and other distinctive signs under Lithuanian law. The work is comprised of four separate chapters. The first chapter analysis the purpose and forms of protection of distinctive signs; the each of the remaining chapters examines the particular problems relating to different aspects of legal regulation of distinctive signs: the concept and the scope of protection of trade names; protection of distinctive signs according to unfair competition law; additional protection of distinctive signs having a reputation and conflicts between the different legal institutes in the area of protection of distinctive signs. The author of the work presents motivated suggestions regarding possible solutions to the legal problems identified in the rea of protection of distinctive signs.

A wide variety of aspects of Machaka's poetry was treated. His poetry which is meaningful when viewed against his traditional culture brings inspiration and a formal mode of literary expression. Death was never accepted by the Tlokwa as an end to life. Machaka has succeeded in blending the ancestral worship with Christian faith. He has used euphemism to modify pain. He makes use of imagery to execute cruelty and bluntness of death. Machaka's protest poetry echoes the same protest of those of other protesters. These refer to the injustice the Blacks experienced from the white regime prior to independence. From his love poems, it is noticed that Machaka is a great lover. When he is in love, he becomes a slave. Machaka uses traditional and modem praise poetry techniques. This made him manage to produce poetry which made a definite impact on Northern Sotho literature and contributed to its depth / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

The extended protection offered to reputed trademarks in article 8(5) EUTMR and in particular the illusive concept of detriment to distinctive character has been causing difficulties for both legislators and courts throughout Europe since the concept was introduced by Frank Schechter in 1927. Detriment to distinctive character, or blurring as it also called, has undergone several changes since its implementation in the first trademark regulation due to case law from the CJEU and no case has had a bigger impact in this area than the Intel judgement. In Intel the court sought to resolve any uncertainties about detriment to distinctive character once and for all by developing the global appreciation test which was to consider all factors relevant to the case at hand. This test was however rather undermined by the introduction of the unsupported requirement that the proprietor had to prove a change in the economic behavior of the consumer. Since Intel, the number of claims regarding detriment to distinctive character has decreased due to the strictness of the requirement and the unwillingness of the court to sufficiently explain what sort of evidence that would effectively prove such change. As it stands, the concept of detriment to distinctive character is in serious risk of becoming redundant due to the current test for blurring not being fit for purpose.

The paper deals with organizational identity in relation to organizational strategy. Based on the reserch questionnaire, the values inventory and the interview it was found that the strategy of the organization Lesostavby Třeboň, a. s. is in accordance with organizational identity further external identity orientation is coincident with internal identity orientation and this orientation is perceived by managers and technical-economic workers in the same way. The information obtained was summarized in tables and bar graphs, including the resulting recommendations for the company Lesostavby Třeboň, a. s.

Esta investigación, tiene la finalidad de analizar en qué medida los nombres poco frecuentes de los CEO se relacionan con la implementación de estrategias distintivas, para entender cómo influye el nombre del hombre más poderoso de una compañía Un CEO de nombre poco común es un ejecutivo que toda su vida ha sabido que es diferente del resto, tiene mucha confianza en sí mismo, eso le ayuda a tomar estrategias más acertadas que le permiten llevar a su empresa en buena dirección. Se analizaron cuatro subtemas relacionados con el CEO de nombre poco frecuente: a) Psicología de nombres poco frecuentes. Establecer por qué las personas con nombres poco frecuentes tienden a desarrollar mayor auto concepción. b) Características del CEO. Distinguir qué características específicas se presentan en los CEO. c) Gestión empresarial. Distinguir cuál es el patrón existente entre el nombre poco frecuente de los CEO y la toma de decisiones distintivas. y d) Confianza del CEO. Analizar la relación entre la confianza del CEO y su nombre poco común. Estos subtemas permiten conocer con mayor amplitud la relevancia del nombre poco común del CEO y también mostrar que las estrategias distintivas tomadas están directamente relacionadas con su nombre. Por otro lado, existen controversias que señalan que llevar un nombre inusual podría generar una percepción negativa en otras personas y reducir la autoestima del portador. Tener un nombre poco frecuente podría llegar a ser una carga eterna para unos y para otros una oportunidad de marcar la diferenciación de ser únicos. / This research aims to analyze to what extent the rare names of CEOs are related to the implementation of distinctive strategies, to understand how the name of the most powerful man in a company influences. A CEO with an unusual name is an executive who has known during all his life that he is different from the others, he has a lot of confidence on himself, that helps him to employ more successful strategies that allow him to conduct his company in the right direction. Four subtopics related to the CEO with a rare name were analyzed: a) Psychology of rare names. To establish why people with infrequent names tend to develop greater self-conception. b) Characteristics of the CEO. To distinguish what specific characteristics are presented in CEOs. c) Business management. To distinguish the pattern between the rare name of CEOs and distinctive decision-making. and d) Confidence of the CEO. To analyze the relationship between the CEO's trust and his unusual name. These subtopics allow a greater understanding of the relevance of the CEO's rare name and also show that the distinctive strategies taken are directly related to his name.   On the other hand, there are controversies that indicate that carrying an unusual name could generate a negative perception in other people and reduce the self-esteem of the bearer. Having a rare name could become an eternal burden for some and for others an opportunity to differentiate themselves from being unique. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

This work deals with the phenomenon of tattoo in hardcore subculture. In the theoretical part it reflects the transformation of the concept of subcultures in his historical progress, with an emphasis on the concept of style in the connection of the Center of contemporary culture Studies and post subcultural theory, especially the writing of David Muggleton. The diachronic perspective, this work also deals with the phenomenon of tattoo and its functions and meanings to it in today's society ascribed. An integral part of the theoretical part is to describe hardcore only in terms of its progress in the USA and in Czechoslovakia or Czech Republic, but also in terms of the side of music and shared ideology, which is the main key featuring to this subculture. Concepts described in the theoretical part are then used in actual research, which is conducted by using qualitative methodology. Exploration aims to describe the meanings and functions of the hardcore subculture and determine whether they are content and motivation ascribed to tattoo influenced subcultural ideologies, or whether it is primarily an expression of the contemporary individualistic discourse. In this work tattooing is examined in terms of its individual nature with regard to the subcultural, or wider, societal context, which together...