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Despite efforts to mitigate texting and driving in the United States, accidents as a result of distracted driving continue to increase, especially within the 16-24 age group. Considering the traits of the members of this age group, as well as the attributes of the various means that are utilized to mitigate such behavior, I hypothesize that the employment of filmed narratives in public service announcements is more effective than any other established approach. Testing the validity of this hypothesis, contributing to a lack of research, three methods of analysis were employed in this project: a textual analysis of a filmed narrative; an audience analysis of the comments accompanying the filmed narrative; and a video session followed by a self-administered questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that while the filmed narrative is more effective than the spoken narrative, more intensive analyses are necessary for further speculation. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Estudos mostram a importância de se avaliar o tempo de adaptação dos indivíduos em um ambiente virtual de direção veicular, para que a resposta seja a mais próxima daquela obtida na direção real de um veículo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar a adaptação ao simulador de direção, pelas repetições do tempo de frenagem, de idosos e adultos com e sem distrator e secundariamente identificar preditores do desempenho seguro dos condutores idosos. Foram avaliados 164 indivíduos de ambos os sexos divididos em dois grupos: 102 idosos acima de 65 anos e 62 adultos de 30 a 40 anos. O tempo de frenagem foi avaliado em um simulador de direção veicular, a cognição pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental, a força muscular do flexor plantar de tornozelo pelo dinamômetro isocinético, a força de preensão palmar pelo dinamômetro manual e o equilíbrio postural pelo \"Time-Up and Go Test\" com e sem tarefa cognitiva. Idosos (homens e mulheres) e mulheres adultas demandam maior número de repetições do tempo de frenagem para se adaptar ao simulador de direção. O distrator aumenta o número de repetições de frenagem para que ocorra adaptação em todos os grupos. Os principais preditores do tempo de frenagem para as idosas são idade, força muscular e equilíbrio postural associados com dupla tarefa e para os idosos a força muscular. Desta forma, idade, sexo e presença de distrator interferem na adaptação à tarefa virtual de dirigir. O modelo de avaliação desenvolvido com multidomínios demonstrou ser capaz de predizer quais habilidades estão relacionadas com o tempo de frenagem com e sem a presença do distrator / Studies show the importance of evaluating the adaptation time of individuals in a virtual environment of vehicular direction, so that the response is the one closest to that obtained in the real direction of a vehicle. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and analyze the adaptation to the steering simulator, by repetitions of braking time, of elderly and adults with and without distractor, and secondarily to identify predictors of the safe performance of elderly drivers. One hundred sixty-four individuals of both sexes were divided into two groups: 102 elderly over 65 years and 62 adults aged 30 to 40 years. The braking time was evaluated in a vehicle direction simulator, the cognition by Mini Mental State Examination, the ankle flexor muscle strength by isokinetic dynamometer, the palmar grip strength by manual dynamometer and the postural balance by \"Time-Up and Go Test\" with and without cognitive task. Elderly (men and women) and adult women require a greater number of repetitions of the braking time to adapt themselves to the steering simulator. The distractor increases the number of braking repetitions for adaptation in all groups. The main predictors of braking time for the elderly women are age, muscle strength and postural balance associated with dual task, and for the elderly men is the muscular strength. So age, gender and distractor presence interfere in the adaptation to the virtual task of driving. The evaluation model developed with multi-domains demonstrated to be able to predict which abilities are related to braking time with and without the presence of distractor

Decades of research suggest that talking on a cell phone interferes with driving performance, but the underlying mechanisms of this interference remain poorly understood. Driving and cell phone research often generalizes easy, novice laboratory tasks to the well practiced task of driving, and it frequently ignores important factors like emotion in tasks used to represent cell phone conversation. This experiment sought to address these issues. Participants performed a tracking task and two verbal tasks over 7 one-hour sessions. At some times the tasks were performed individually, and at others the tracking task was performed concurrently with one of the verbal tasks. Participants watched an anger-inducing film clip at the beginning of the 7th session and were instructed to either down-regulate or maintain that anger. Results challenged the validity of generalizing easy novice task performance to driving performance.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-251). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR46015

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Psychology. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Estudos mostram a importância de se avaliar o tempo de adaptação dos indivíduos em um ambiente virtual de direção veicular, para que a resposta seja a mais próxima daquela obtida na direção real de um veículo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar a adaptação ao simulador de direção, pelas repetições do tempo de frenagem, de idosos e adultos com e sem distrator e secundariamente identificar preditores do desempenho seguro dos condutores idosos. Foram avaliados 164 indivíduos de ambos os sexos divididos em dois grupos: 102 idosos acima de 65 anos e 62 adultos de 30 a 40 anos. O tempo de frenagem foi avaliado em um simulador de direção veicular, a cognição pelo Mini Exame do Estado Mental, a força muscular do flexor plantar de tornozelo pelo dinamômetro isocinético, a força de preensão palmar pelo dinamômetro manual e o equilíbrio postural pelo \"Time-Up and Go Test\" com e sem tarefa cognitiva. Idosos (homens e mulheres) e mulheres adultas demandam maior número de repetições do tempo de frenagem para se adaptar ao simulador de direção. O distrator aumenta o número de repetições de frenagem para que ocorra adaptação em todos os grupos. Os principais preditores do tempo de frenagem para as idosas são idade, força muscular e equilíbrio postural associados com dupla tarefa e para os idosos a força muscular. Desta forma, idade, sexo e presença de distrator interferem na adaptação à tarefa virtual de dirigir. O modelo de avaliação desenvolvido com multidomínios demonstrou ser capaz de predizer quais habilidades estão relacionadas com o tempo de frenagem com e sem a presença do distrator / Studies show the importance of evaluating the adaptation time of individuals in a virtual environment of vehicular direction, so that the response is the one closest to that obtained in the real direction of a vehicle. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and analyze the adaptation to the steering simulator, by repetitions of braking time, of elderly and adults with and without distractor, and secondarily to identify predictors of the safe performance of elderly drivers. One hundred sixty-four individuals of both sexes were divided into two groups: 102 elderly over 65 years and 62 adults aged 30 to 40 years. The braking time was evaluated in a vehicle direction simulator, the cognition by Mini Mental State Examination, the ankle flexor muscle strength by isokinetic dynamometer, the palmar grip strength by manual dynamometer and the postural balance by \"Time-Up and Go Test\" with and without cognitive task. Elderly (men and women) and adult women require a greater number of repetitions of the braking time to adapt themselves to the steering simulator. The distractor increases the number of braking repetitions for adaptation in all groups. The main predictors of braking time for the elderly women are age, muscle strength and postural balance associated with dual task, and for the elderly men is the muscular strength. So age, gender and distractor presence interfere in the adaptation to the virtual task of driving. The evaluation model developed with multi-domains demonstrated to be able to predict which abilities are related to braking time with and without the presence of distractor

This study sought to investigate the relationship between cell phone conversation type and dangerous driving behaviors. It was hypothesized that more emotional phone conversations engaged in while driving would produce greater frequencies of dangerous driving behaviors in a simulated environment than more mundane conversation or no phone conversation at all. Participants were semi-randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) no call, (2) mundane call, and, (3) emotional call. While driving in a simulated environment, participants in the experimental groups received a phone call from a research confederate who either engaged them in innocuous conversation (mundane call) or arguing the opposite position of a deeply held belief of the participant (emotional call). Participants in the no call and mundane call groups differed significantly only on percent time spent speeding and center line crossings, though the mundane call group consistently engaged in more of all dangerous driving behaviors than did the no call participants. Participants in the emotional call group engaged in significantly more dangerous driving behaviors than participants in both the no call and mundane call groups, with the exception of traffic light infractions, where there were no significant group differences. Though there is need for replication, the authors concluded that whereas talking on a cell phone while driving is risky to begin with, having emotionally intense conversations is considerably more dangerous.

Out-of-vehicle distractions were identified as contributing factors to about 29.4 % of all crashes that were reported between the years 1995 to 1999 (Stutts J. K., 2005; Stutts J. R., 2001).These crash statistics are from a decade ago. With the increase of cars, pedestrians, shops,vendors, billboards and signs over the last decade it can be safely assumed that the driving environment is more complex now and has greater potential for external driver distraction. Given this, it is important to know the effects of out-of-vehicle distraction on drivers’ ability to drive safely in their presence. With this in mind, a driving simulator study was conducted that compared younger novice and older experienced drivers on their ability to maintain their attention on the forward roadway, anticipate potential hazards and maintain vehicle control while performing an out-of-vehicle tasks. The results of the experiment indicate that both age groups took equally long glances away from the forward roadway at the out-of-vehicle task and that these long glances away from the forward roadway had a negative effects on the hazard anticipation performance of both age groups. In addition, these long glances away from the forward roadway did have a significantly negative impact on the lane maintainence ability of younger drivers as compared to their experienced counterparts but these long glances away from the forward roadway did not seem to affect the speed maintainence abilities of either group. No matter what the vehicle measures indicate, it is clear that both age groups are at elevated risk of crashing when they are attending to tasks that are outside the vehicle.

No description available.