International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1988 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / The evolution of telemetry ground station systems over the past twenty years has tracked the evolution of the mini-computer industry during that same time period. As the various mini-computer vendors introduced systems offering ever increasing compute power, and ever increasing capabilities to support multiple simultaneous users, the high end of the telemetry ground station systems offered by the industry evolved from single stream, single user, raw data systems to multi-user, multiple stream systems supporting real-time data processing and display functions from a single CPU or, in some cases, a closely coupled set of CPUs. In more recent years we have seen the maturation of networking and clustering concepts within the digital computer industry to a point where such systems coupled with current workstation technology, now permit the development of large telemetry ground station systems which accommodate large numbers of simultaneous users, each with his or her own dedicated computing resources. This paper discusses, at a hardware block diagram and software functional level, the architecture of such a distributed system.

Uno de los compromisos que tiene el Estado Peruano es dotar a la población de los medios necesarios para preservar su salud; uno de estos medios es proporcionar la medicina necesaria a través de sus instituciones y organizaciones públicas de salud. Sin embargo, en el Perú, el 60% de los medicamentos que requiere la población, la cual se atienden en las instituciones de salud pública, son adquiridos en las farmacias privadas, esta situación es debido a una falencia en los procesos de adquisición de medicamentos, pues estos principalmente se focalizan en el movimiento de stock de las farmacias públicas y no en la necesidad real de medicamentos, en adición, estos procesos son inadecuados y no cuentas con soporte tecnológico. El presente trabajo, tiene como objetivos el desarrollar una propuesta de salud que proponga un proceso y herramientas tecnológicas que promueva la colaboración entre toda la red de salud dedicada a la adquisición de medicamentos, así como dotar de una herramienta tecnológica que no solo se centre en el stock de las farmacias, sino también, en la prescripción de la medicina y la morbilidad de cada rincón del país. Así mismo, la solución contempla una arquitectura tecnológica al alcance del Estado Peruano, con redundancia, alta disponibilidad y escalabilidad. Es importante destacar que la solución propuesta, se ha elaborado siguiendo enfoques de arquitectura empresarial, donde se prima los objetivos organizacionales, así como técnicas y métodos vigentes de arquitectura empresarial que permiten un fácil entendimiento y su posterior implementación. / One of the commitments that the Peruvian State has is to provide the population with the necessary means to preserve their health. One of these means is to provide the necessary medicines through its institutions and public health organizations. However, in Peru, 60% of the medicines required by the population are purchased in private pharmacies, despite the fact that these medicines are prescribed by public physicians. This situation is due to a failure in the medicines procurement processes, since these are mainly focused on the movement of stock in public pharmacies and not on the real medicines demands; in addition, these processes are not proper defined and do not have specific technological tools. The objective of this work is develop a proposal for improving the procurement process and provide the architecture design of a technological tool; this proposal wants to promote the collaboration between the entire health networks dedicated to the acquisition of medicines. This solution will be focusing not only in the stock from pharmacies, but also in the prescription of medicine and the morbidity of each corner of the country. Likewise, the solution contemplates a technological architecture within the reach of the Peruvian State, with redundancy, high availability and scalability. It is important to highlight that the proposed solution has been elaborated following business architecture approaches, where organization objectives prevail, and current techniques and methods of business architecture that allow easy understanding and subsequent implementation. / Tesis

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Space vehicle telemetry requirements have evolved considerably over the past decade. More and more onboard data need to be acquired, not only for purposes of launch vehicle qualification in flight, but also for calibrating simulations. The flexibility required of the architecture has also changed the hardware considerably in order to fit into many different configurations without redoing the whole equipment development. EADS-LV accommodates these evolving needs and costs with a modular, distributed Telemetry channel architecture. This uses a single product line to meet the various needs ranging from the small launch vehicle to the heavy Ariane 5 vehicles.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Rapid technology growth in the aerospace industry continues to manifest in increasingly complex weapons systems and system driven weapons systems platforms which must be supported in the flight test environment. This growth in complexity often surpasses the capabilities of many ground based real-time and post-flight processing and display systems, leaving these systems perpetually behind the power curve when compared to data/information processing, presentation and distribution requirements set forth by today’s flight test engineering community. Many flight test programs are accepting less than optimal results from these systems, therefore, the amount of information presently obtained (per flight hour) limits the results acquired during a test program, creating a more costly test and evaluation budget. As an integral participant in the development and testing of high technology aircraft and weapons systems, the U.S. Air Force Flight Test Center’s (AFFTC) Advanced Data Acquisition and Processing Systems (ADAPS) development is bridging the gap between requirements and capability by distributing current system architectures to provide incremental performance upgrades in specific areas of need in lieu of entire system replacements. This paper will discuss the current real-time processing, distribution and display capability that exists at the AFFTC and the planned phased upgrade of this tightly coupled system to a more flexible and extensible distributed architecture that will be increasingly responsive to the dynamic nature of test and evaluation of modern weapons systems and weapons systems platforms.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 23-26, 2000 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / There are two basic approaches to developing data acquisition systems. The first is to buy or develop acquisition hardware and to then write software to input, identify, and distribute the data for processing, display, storage, and output to a network. The second is to design a system that handles some or all of these tasks in hardware instead of software. This paper describes the differences between software-driven and hardware-driven system architectures as applied to real-time data acquisition systems. In explaining the characteristics of a hardware-driven system, a high-performance real-time bus system architecture developed by L-3 will be used as an example. This architecture removes the bottlenecks and unpredictability that can plague software-driven systems when applied to complex real-time data acquisition applications. It does this by handling the input, identification, routing, and distribution of acquired data without software intervention.

Serviços Ambientais - purificação do ar, estabilização do clima, polinização de culturas, etc. - são funções fundamentais na sustentação da vida humana e têm sua importância econômica cada vez mais evidenciada. Para melhor estudar estes Serviços e saber como eles se comportam, são necessárias novas abordagens para disponibilizar, integrar e compartilhar os dados existentes sobre eles. O projeto ViNCES (Virtual Network Center of Ecosystem Services) propõe a utilização de laboratórios acessíveis via internet - weblabs - com foco em Serviços Ambientais a fim de promover uma melhor compreensão destes serviços. Assim, com o objetivo de viabilizar esta proposta, desenvolveu-se uma arquitetura que permite o acesso aos diversos weblabs do projeto de maneira integrada, disponibilizando os dados de experimentos realizados a um maior número de pesquisadores. A arquitetura proposta fundamenta-se no paradigma de Arquitetura Orientada a Serviços e atende a requisitos de acesso centralizado aos weblabs para a realização e recuperação de experimentos de maneira remota. Esta arquitetura aproveita outras pesquisas na área de Ecoinformática, considerando soluções já existentes no projeto SEEK (Science Environment for Ecological Knowledge). Desta maneira, adota o padrão de metadados EML (Ecological Metadata Language) para a transferência e armazenamento de dados dos experimentos, permitindo que os experimentos fiquem disponíveis a outros pesquisadores que utilizem a infra-estrutura do projeto SEEK. / Ecosystem Services - air purification, climate estabilization, crop pollination, etc. - are essential to sustain human life.Their economic importance is becoming more and more recognized. In order to better study these Services and learn about their behaviour, new approaches are needed for making available, integrating and sharing existing data about them. The ViNCES (Virtual Network Center of Ecosystem Services) project proposes the use of remotely accessible laboratories - weblabs - focused on Ecosystem Services to better understanding these services. In this way, an architecture was developed that allows access to project´s weblabs in an integrated way, giving access to collected data for more researchers. The proposed architecture is based on the SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) paradigm and considers requirements of centralized access to laboratories to, in a remote way, make experiments and retrieve gathered data. This architecture considers other related initiatives in the ecoinformatics field, and uses solutions present in the SEEK (Science Environment for Ecological Knowledge) project. In this way, the EML (Ecological Metadata Language) standard was adopted for transporting and storaging experiments data, and allows that these data are available for other researchers that use the SEEK infra-structure.

Serviços Ambientais - purificação do ar, estabilização do clima, polinização de culturas, etc. - são funções fundamentais na sustentação da vida humana e têm sua importância econômica cada vez mais evidenciada. Para melhor estudar estes Serviços e saber como eles se comportam, são necessárias novas abordagens para disponibilizar, integrar e compartilhar os dados existentes sobre eles. O projeto ViNCES (Virtual Network Center of Ecosystem Services) propõe a utilização de laboratórios acessíveis via internet - weblabs - com foco em Serviços Ambientais a fim de promover uma melhor compreensão destes serviços. Assim, com o objetivo de viabilizar esta proposta, desenvolveu-se uma arquitetura que permite o acesso aos diversos weblabs do projeto de maneira integrada, disponibilizando os dados de experimentos realizados a um maior número de pesquisadores. A arquitetura proposta fundamenta-se no paradigma de Arquitetura Orientada a Serviços e atende a requisitos de acesso centralizado aos weblabs para a realização e recuperação de experimentos de maneira remota. Esta arquitetura aproveita outras pesquisas na área de Ecoinformática, considerando soluções já existentes no projeto SEEK (Science Environment for Ecological Knowledge). Desta maneira, adota o padrão de metadados EML (Ecological Metadata Language) para a transferência e armazenamento de dados dos experimentos, permitindo que os experimentos fiquem disponíveis a outros pesquisadores que utilizem a infra-estrutura do projeto SEEK. / Ecosystem Services - air purification, climate estabilization, crop pollination, etc. - are essential to sustain human life.Their economic importance is becoming more and more recognized. In order to better study these Services and learn about their behaviour, new approaches are needed for making available, integrating and sharing existing data about them. The ViNCES (Virtual Network Center of Ecosystem Services) project proposes the use of remotely accessible laboratories - weblabs - focused on Ecosystem Services to better understanding these services. In this way, an architecture was developed that allows access to project´s weblabs in an integrated way, giving access to collected data for more researchers. The proposed architecture is based on the SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) paradigm and considers requirements of centralized access to laboratories to, in a remote way, make experiments and retrieve gathered data. This architecture considers other related initiatives in the ecoinformatics field, and uses solutions present in the SEEK (Science Environment for Ecological Knowledge) project. In this way, the EML (Ecological Metadata Language) standard was adopted for transporting and storaging experiments data, and allows that these data are available for other researchers that use the SEEK infra-structure.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 17-20, 1994 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / Use of top-down design principles and standard interface techniques provides the basis for a global telemetry data collection, analysis, and satellite control network with a high degree of survivability via use of distributed architecture. Use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware and software minimizes costs and provides for easy expansion and adaption to new satellite constellations. Adaptive techniques and low cost multiplexers provide for graceful system wide degradation and flexible data distribution.

In the past two decades, there has been huge amount of interest in Multiresolution Analysis Algorithms (MAAs) and their applications. Processing some of their applications such as medical imaging are computationally intensive, power hungry and requires large amount of memory which cause a high demand for efficient algorithm implementation, low power architecture and acceleration. Recently, some MAAs such as Finite Ridgelet Transform (FRIT) Haar Wavelet Transform (HWT) are became very popular and they are suitable for a number of image processing applications such as detection of line singularities and contiguous edges, edge detection (useful for compression and feature detection), medical image denoising and segmentation. Efficient hardware implementation and acceleration of these algorithms particularly when addressing large problems are becoming very chal-lenging and consume lot of power which leads to a number of issues including mobility, reliability concerns. To overcome the computation problems, Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are the technology of choice for accelerating computationally intensive applications due to their high performance. Addressing the power issue requires optimi- sation and awareness at all level of abstractions in the design flow. The most important achievements of the work presented in this thesis are summarised here. Two factorisation methodologies for HWT which are called HWT Factorisation Method1 and (HWTFM1) and HWT Factorasation Method2 (HWTFM2) have been explored to increase number of zeros and reduce hardware resources. In addition, two novel efficient and optimised architectures for proposed methodologies based on Distributed Arithmetic (DA) principles have been proposed. The evaluation of the architectural results have shown that the proposed architectures results have reduced the arithmetics calculation (additions/subtractions) by 33% and 25% respectively compared to direct implementa-tion of HWT and outperformed existing results in place. The proposed HWTFM2 is implemented on advanced and low power FPGA devices using Handel-C language. The FPGAs implementation results have outperformed other existing results in terms of area and maximum frequency. In addition, a novel efficient architecture for Finite Radon Trans-form (FRAT) has also been proposed. The proposed architecture is integrated with the developed HWT architecture to build an optimised architecture for FRIT. Strategies such as parallelism and pipelining have been deployed at the architectural level for efficient im-plementation on different FPGA devices. The proposed FRIT architecture performance has been evaluated and the results outperformed some other existing architecture in place. Both FRAT and FRIT architectures have been implemented on FPGAs using Handel-C language. The evaluation of both architectures have shown that the obtained results out-performed existing results in place by almost 10% in terms of frequency and area. The proposed architectures are also applied on image data (256 £ 256) and their Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is evaluated for quality purposes. Two architectures for cyclic convolution based on systolic array using parallelism and pipelining which can be used as the main building block for the proposed FRIT architec-ture have been proposed. The first proposed architecture is a linear systolic array with pipelining process and the second architecture is a systolic array with parallel process. The second architecture reduces the number of registers by 42% compare to first architec-ture and both architectures outperformed other existing results in place. The proposed pipelined architecture has been implemented on different FPGA devices with vector size (N) 4,8,16,32 and word-length (W=8). The implementation results have shown a signifi-cant improvement and outperformed other existing results in place. Ultimately, an in-depth evaluation of a high level power macromodelling technique for design space exploration and characterisation of custom IP cores for FPGAs, called func-tional level power modelling approach have been presented. The mathematical techniques that form the basis of the proposed power modeling has been validated by a range of custom IP cores. The proposed power modelling is scalable, platform independent and compares favorably with existing approaches. A hybrid, top-down design flow paradigm integrating functional level power modelling with commercially available design tools for systematic optimisation of IP cores has also been developed. The in-depth evaluation of this tool enables us to observe the behavior of different custom IP cores in terms of power consumption and accuracy using different design methodologies and arithmetic techniques on virous FPGA platforms. Based on the results achieved, the proposed model accuracy is almost 99% true for all IP core's Dynamic Power (DP) components.

Les travaux exposés dans cette thèse sont de natures multiples mais visent tous à une meilleure compréhension du geste de saisie chez l'homme, que ce soit d'un point de vue comportemental, cinématique ou de contrôle. Lorsqu'il doit saisir un objet, l'homme s'appuie sur une structure de contrôle multi-niveaux ainsi que son expérience, ce qui lui permet d'estimer les mouvements à effectuer de manière très efficace avant même d'avoir commencé à bouger. Nous pensons que ce mode de commande peut apporter une solution innovante au double problème de l'atteinte et de la saisie par une main artificielle. Nous avons donc développé une architecture de commande distribuée reproduisant en partie ces mécanismes et capable de contrôler ce genre d'artefacts de manière efficace, déclinée en plusieurs versions en fonction du niveau de contrôle souhaité. Elle est constituée d'un ensemble d'unités d'appariement s'inspirant des structures présentes dans le Système Nerveux Central : chacune a en charge une partie du problème global à résoudre, elles intègrent des informations en provenance de la consigne et/ou d'autres unités à travers des échanges parfois redondants, et elles s'appuient sur un algorithme d'apprentissage supervisé. Afin de mieux comprendre les principes qui sous-tendent le mouvement humain nous nous sommes aussi intéressés à la modélisation de la main et du geste de saisie, que ce soit à travers un protocole d'expérimentation chez l'homme ou l'analyse de données médicales et vidéos chez le singe / Works presented in this thesis are of multiple kinds but all aim at a better understanding of the human grasping movements, may it be from a behavioural, kinematics or control point of view. When one wants to grasp an object he relies on a multilayer control structure and its personal experience, the two of which allow him to estimate the appropriate move in a very efficient way, even before he actually started to move. We think that this type of command can bring forth an innovative solution to the double reach and grasp problem that face an artificial hand. We developed a distributed command architecture that reproduce in part these mechanisms and is able to control this type of artefacts in an efficient way, several versions of which were implemented regarding the desired control level. It consists of a group of matching units that takes inspiration in the Central Nervous System: each of them is in charge of a part of the global problem to be solved; they integrate data from the system inputs and/or from other units in partly redundant ways; and they rely on a supervised learning algorithm. In order to better understand the underlying principles of human movement we also took interest in hand and grasping movement models, may it be through an experimental protocol on human or monkey medical and video data analysis