É urgente a necessidade da maior inclusão social dos estudantes que articulam a rotina de trabalho diurno e a educação formal noturna, objetivando melhorar as condições de vida através de aumentar oportunidades no mercado de trabalho. Por ser tema de extrema relevância social, a presente pesquisa busca compreender os desafios de alunos matriculados em cursos de Ensino Superior noturno no Instituto Multidisciplinar da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, destacando o processo de democratização do acesso e a permanência de jovens de camadas populares em quatro cursos de graduação. Descrevemos políticas públicas de acesso e de permanência dos estudantes nos cursos superiores noturnos de Pedagogia, História, Matemática e Administração, tendo em vista contribuir com a discussão da real efetividade destes cursos para a democratização da educação superior. O procedimento metodológico é a investigação qualitativa em estudo de caso. Nesta pesquisa, foram contatadas pessoas chave da universidade, aplicados 361 questionários e entrevistados 39 alunos de quatro cursos escolhidos. Os resultados relacionados aos fatores sociais que impõem o caráter compulsório do trabalho ao estudante universitário confirmaram que o jovem, dos cursos noturnos estudados deste Instituto Multidisciplinar, em geral, tem dificuldades de gerenciar sua vida para contemplar as diversas demandas, isto é, as sociais, familiares, educacionais e laborais. O jovem estudado costuma ter um perfil de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Os resultados também mostram em alguns discursos dos entrevistados alguns desafios de conciliar o curso noturno com a vida de trabalho. Assim, os resultados também revelam a necessidade de que mais recursos sejam destinados a programas com alunos com o perfil de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Apesar do perfil heterogêneo dos alunos desta pesquisa, os resultados apontam também que muitos aproveitam a oportunidade de continuidade de escolarização conciliando o trabalho diurno com a educação noturna. A opção destes por cursos de licenciaturas, como os de Matemática, História e Pedagogia, é atrativa pela maior facilidade de acesso devido a serem carreiras menos disputadas no ingresso à universidade pública. Embora a profissão docente em nossa sociedade não ofereça elevado prestígio social, ter a formação e o diploma de Ensino Superior ainda é para muitos jovens, uma possível trajetória que pode levar a mobilidade social. Assim, as políticas públicas precisam melhor atender os jovens deste segmento populacional que deseja estudar e trabalhar com educação. / It is pressing the need for greater social inclusion of students who articulate the working day routine and formal education at night time, aiming to have better opportunities living conditions with improved labor market opportunities. Due to the extreme social relevance of this issue, this research seeks to understand the challenges of students enrolled in Higher Education courses in the evening at the Instituto Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, highlighting the process of democratization of access and permanence of youth from the lower social classes pursing four undergraduate programs. We describe policies for access and retention of students in nighttime undergraduate programs of Pedagogy, History, Mathematics and Administration, in order to contribute to the discussion of the actual effectiveness of these courses to the democratization of Higher Education. The methodological approach chosen was the qualitative research focus on case study. In this research, key persons of the staff of the university were contacted, and 361 questionnaires were applied and 39 students were interviews alone or in group in all four undergraduate programs. The results related to social factors that impose the obligatory character of work confirmed that the young taking evening programs at the Institute of Multidisciplinary generally have difficulties to manage his/her life in order to fulfill the social, family, education and work requirements. The young studied usually has a profile of socioeconomic vulnerability. The results also show in a few speeches some challenges of reconciling night programs with daily work activities. Therefore, the results also reveal the need for more resources to be allocated to students with the profile of socioeconomic vulnerability. Despite the heterogeneous profile of students in this research, the results also indicate that many students take advantage of night educational programs, considering them an opportunity to continue their formal education by conciliating it with their work daily activities. Their option for taking these undergraduate programs can lead to the teaching profession in fields like Mathematics, History and Pedagogy. This option is attractive to these students due to the easier access to the public university entrance in these fields which are less competitive. Although the teaching profession in our society does not bring high social prestige, have an undergraduate diploma is for many young people, a possible trajectory of social mobility. Thus public policies need to better serve the youth of this population segment who wish to study and work in education.

É urgente a necessidade da maior inclusão social dos estudantes que articulam a rotina de trabalho diurno e a educação formal noturna, objetivando melhorar as condições de vida através de aumentar oportunidades no mercado de trabalho. Por ser tema de extrema relevância social, a presente pesquisa busca compreender os desafios de alunos matriculados em cursos de Ensino Superior noturno no Instituto Multidisciplinar da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, destacando o processo de democratização do acesso e a permanência de jovens de camadas populares em quatro cursos de graduação. Descrevemos políticas públicas de acesso e de permanência dos estudantes nos cursos superiores noturnos de Pedagogia, História, Matemática e Administração, tendo em vista contribuir com a discussão da real efetividade destes cursos para a democratização da educação superior. O procedimento metodológico é a investigação qualitativa em estudo de caso. Nesta pesquisa, foram contatadas pessoas chave da universidade, aplicados 361 questionários e entrevistados 39 alunos de quatro cursos escolhidos. Os resultados relacionados aos fatores sociais que impõem o caráter compulsório do trabalho ao estudante universitário confirmaram que o jovem, dos cursos noturnos estudados deste Instituto Multidisciplinar, em geral, tem dificuldades de gerenciar sua vida para contemplar as diversas demandas, isto é, as sociais, familiares, educacionais e laborais. O jovem estudado costuma ter um perfil de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Os resultados também mostram em alguns discursos dos entrevistados alguns desafios de conciliar o curso noturno com a vida de trabalho. Assim, os resultados também revelam a necessidade de que mais recursos sejam destinados a programas com alunos com o perfil de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Apesar do perfil heterogêneo dos alunos desta pesquisa, os resultados apontam também que muitos aproveitam a oportunidade de continuidade de escolarização conciliando o trabalho diurno com a educação noturna. A opção destes por cursos de licenciaturas, como os de Matemática, História e Pedagogia, é atrativa pela maior facilidade de acesso devido a serem carreiras menos disputadas no ingresso à universidade pública. Embora a profissão docente em nossa sociedade não ofereça elevado prestígio social, ter a formação e o diploma de Ensino Superior ainda é para muitos jovens, uma possível trajetória que pode levar a mobilidade social. Assim, as políticas públicas precisam melhor atender os jovens deste segmento populacional que deseja estudar e trabalhar com educação. / It is pressing the need for greater social inclusion of students who articulate the working day routine and formal education at night time, aiming to have better opportunities living conditions with improved labor market opportunities. Due to the extreme social relevance of this issue, this research seeks to understand the challenges of students enrolled in Higher Education courses in the evening at the Instituto Multidisciplinar, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, highlighting the process of democratization of access and permanence of youth from the lower social classes pursing four undergraduate programs. We describe policies for access and retention of students in nighttime undergraduate programs of Pedagogy, History, Mathematics and Administration, in order to contribute to the discussion of the actual effectiveness of these courses to the democratization of Higher Education. The methodological approach chosen was the qualitative research focus on case study. In this research, key persons of the staff of the university were contacted, and 361 questionnaires were applied and 39 students were interviews alone or in group in all four undergraduate programs. The results related to social factors that impose the obligatory character of work confirmed that the young taking evening programs at the Institute of Multidisciplinary generally have difficulties to manage his/her life in order to fulfill the social, family, education and work requirements. The young studied usually has a profile of socioeconomic vulnerability. The results also show in a few speeches some challenges of reconciling night programs with daily work activities. Therefore, the results also reveal the need for more resources to be allocated to students with the profile of socioeconomic vulnerability. Despite the heterogeneous profile of students in this research, the results also indicate that many students take advantage of night educational programs, considering them an opportunity to continue their formal education by conciliating it with their work daily activities. Their option for taking these undergraduate programs can lead to the teaching profession in fields like Mathematics, History and Pedagogy. This option is attractive to these students due to the easier access to the public university entrance in these fields which are less competitive. Although the teaching profession in our society does not bring high social prestige, have an undergraduate diploma is for many young people, a possible trajectory of social mobility. Thus public policies need to better serve the youth of this population segment who wish to study and work in education.

The purpose of this comparative study is to analyse La Quintrala’s myth as a symbolic discourse, thereby filling a gap in the previous studies about La Quintrala. The theoretical and methodological framework of this analysis consists of a hermeneutical approach based on the method of figurative structuralism: mythocriticism. This is a dual classification method of symbols: Diurnal and Nocturnal Orders that expose the symbolic structures formed by symbols and archetypes found in mythemes in a compilation of corpora. The first one is Gustavo Frías’ novels Tres Nombres para Catalina: Catrala (2008) and Tres nombres para Catalina: la doña de Campofrío (2008); the second is a historic essay (hypotext), Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna’s Los Lisperguer y la Quintrala (1944), and four novels: Magdalena Petit’s (2009) La Quintrala, Mercedes Valdivieso’s (1991) Maldita yo entre las Mujeres, Virginia Vidal’s (2002) Oro, veneno y puñal, and Gustavo Frías’ El Inquisidor (2008). Mythocriticism is employed in the analysis to show what the mythical structure of the hero’s journey (Separation, Initiation, Return) reveal. Such journey is combined structurally with the Mother archetype (White, Red and Black Goddess), the intrinsic archetype of La Quintrala’s myth. The heroic structure unveils its own mythemes, La Quintrala’s and the first corpus’s mytheme through the diachronic and synchronic flow of the hero’s journey. This method permits to identify and compare the progression of the symbolic structures. The analysis demonstrates a transformation of the symbolic structures between both corpora. This survey reveals that Vicuña Mackenna and Petit, and partially Vidal and El Inquisidor, exhibit an inclination to the diurnal symbols that strengthen, through a heterodiegetic narrator, the representations of the witch-femme fatale, counteractive attributes of the Red and Black Goddesses in the myth. Valdivieso, on the other hand, shows a propensity to the nocturnal symbols of inversion and intimacy that emphasize the Red Goddess’ features, though the novel also exposes La Quintrala as a witch-femme fatale. This exposure occurs through the use of both an autodiegetic narrator –La Quintrala– and a heterodiegetic one –the hypotext embodied in the popular voice– that appear to contrast each other. Finally, in Tres Nombres para Catalina, La Quintrala as the autodiegetic narrator dominates the whole story. She personifies the Great Goddess archetype who bestows her new positive attributes during the adventure. This novel assumes primordially the nocturnal symbolism incarnated by both the mystical and the synthetical structures and relegates the diurnal discourse of the hypotext to a secondary position in the narrative. Nonetheless, Tres Nombres para Catalina’s narrative still relies on the hypotext to reproduce and reconstruct all the mythemes in the myth of La Quintrala. Conclusively, the results of this analysis indicate that the identification of all the mythemes supports the hypothesis of a transformation in the symbolic structures which characterize La Quintrala in both corpora. This reveals the embodiment of Tres Nombres para Catalina’s own mytheme, consisting of a vindication and a recognition to her indigenous heritage, and the acceptance of her mestizaje. As a consequence, Tres nombres para Catalina, in comparison to the second corpus, diverges and expands the symbolic structures, but still shows a continuity of the myth.