The aim of this study is to analyse conditions that either promote or hamper the implementation of methods for systematic documentation, follow-up and evaluation in social-work services with individuals and families. The theoretical framework consists of organization theories. Human Service Organizations (HSO) theory is complemented with concepts from the new institutionalism, domain theory, implementation theory, and theory about interventions. A concrete case, a project has been studied. The purpose of project was to implement methods for systematic documentation in public social services. With the notation “integrated” is meant that the methods should be built in and adjusted to the social-work practice. The methods were ASI (Addiction Severity Index) and IUS (a locally based model for integrated evaluation by inspiration from Göran Sandell). Data has been captured in a pretest/ posttest design (Marlow 2000). This means that “state of things” has been described before the intervention and after. The methods used were surveys and interviews (individual and group). The process has been documented through research notes proceeding records, protocols and some diaries written by social workers. Four municipalities from the middle of Sweden took part with five working groups. Two groups contained social workers acting with children and families and three groups were working with drug abusers. The population consisted of the social workers, the managers responsible for the individual and family entities, the politicians and the clients who were affected during the time of the project. The implementation of ASI and IUS has not occurred in the extent that was stated in the intervention theory. This means that ASI and IUS were not used in all new cases that occurred during the time of the project. The interviews supposed to be done in the beginning of the clients contact with the agency tended to be done more often than the follow-up interviews. After the project ended, three of five working groups decided to continue to use ASI (one group) and IUS (two groups). The overall impression is that the respondents comprehend, they have the willingness but they do not have the capability of using ASI and IUS. The organization does not seem to have the capacity of imposing requirements and giving resources. The outcomes do not seem to be the most important issue for the social services. These conditions are discussed in the study by means of the theoretical concepts. In the end, there is an effort to adjust the implementation theory to human service organizations.

SAMMANFATTNING Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka sjuksköterskors uppfattning om omvårdnadsdokumentation och dess påverkan på omvårdnadsarbetet. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med innehållsanalys enligt Lundman och Hällgren Graneheim (2008). Bekvämlighetsurval med fem sjuksköterskor från olika avdelningar på ett Universitetssjukhus i Mellansverige. Resultat: Sjuksköterskor i denna studie uppfattade att dokumentationen tar tid, det är mycket som ska dokumenteras och att kvalitén varierade. De uppfattade också att information kunde gå förlorad på grund av att många skrev på flera olika ställen. Dokumentationen upplevdes ibland som inkonsekvent eftersom sjuksköterskorna inte dokumenterade exakt lika. De belyste också att systemet var rörigt och ologiskt. Dokumentationen upplevdes ge vägledning. Det är viktigt att samarbeta mellan olika professioner samt att dokumentationen följs upp av den som tar efter. Sjuksköterskorna prioriterade det medicinska framför omvårdnaden och arbetsbördan gjorde det svårt att hinna dokumentera. Dokumentationen synliggjorde omvårdnaden samt att den kunde användas för att utvärdera vården. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor uppfattade dokumentation som problematisk och tidsödande. Samtidigt tyckte de att det fanns vinster med dokumentation då det gav patientsäkerhet och kunde användas för att utvärdera vården. Mer arbete behövs för att nå konsensus i hur dokumentation på avdelning skall se ut. Det behövs mer forskning kring hur dokumentation påverkar omvårdnadsarbetet. / ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate nurses’ perception of nursing documentation and its impact on nursing. Method: Qualitative interview study with content analysis according to Lundman and Hällgren Graneheim (2008). Convenience sample of five nurses from different wards of a University hospital in central Sweden. Result: Nurses in this study perceived the documentation as time consuming, there is a lot to be documented and that the quality varied. They also observed that the information could be lost due to many writing in several different places. The documentation is sometimes perceived as inconsistent because nurses did not document exactly alike. They also highlighted that the system was messy and illogical. Documentation was perceived as giving guidance. It is important to cooperate between different professions and that the documentation is followed up by the next person. The nurses prioritized the medical instead of nursing care and workload made ​​it difficult to find time to document. Documentation made​​ nursing care visible and it could be used to evaluate healthcare. Conclusion: Nurses perceived documentation as problematic and time consuming. They also thought there were gains of documentation when it gave patient safety and could be used to evaluate care. More work is needed to reach consensus in the documentation should be carried out. More research is required on how documentation affects nursing.

In current practice, design documentation often fails to support the activities of design understanding, communication, and redesign. A Design History Tool has been developed to improve current design documentation. This tool is a computerized design history that represents and plays back important information generated during the process of designing a mechanical system. This tool not only documents the final design results, but also documents the constraints developed and decisions made in the evolution of a product from initial specifications to final detailed design. This tool supports design understanding, communication, and redesign. It allows designers, manufacturing engineers, and management personnel to review and examine an existing design. For playback, the Design History Tool provides four major browsing capabilities: a} browsing design artifacts from isometric drawing, design hierarchy, to details of a product; b) browsing design evolution from the initial specifications to the final detailed design; c) browsing design rationales and alternatives behind each design decision; and d) browsing constraint dependencies. To enhance the browsing capabilities, different interfaces have been developed to allow the users to efficiently retrieve and easily understand the design information. / Graduation date: 1992

Diss. Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Texas at El Paso, 2008. / Title from title screen. Vita. CD-ROM. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Walden University (Minneapolis, Minn.), 1994. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [97]-102).

Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Computer Science and Engineering. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Walden University (Minneapolis, Minn.), 1994. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [97]-102).

Arbetets syfte är att söka av marknaden efter befintliga nätinformationssystem för elnät, för att avgöra vilken funktioner Vimmerby Energi & Miljö AB anses behöva. Och vilket be-fintligt nätinformationssystem som bäst uppfyller de behoven.Efter en urvalsprocess, som baserades på vilken information som fanns att tillgå på respektive nätinformationssystems hemsidor. Samlades sedan data in med hjälp av demonstrationer.Utifrån demonstrationerna kunde det fastställas att alla nätinformationssystemen uppfyllde alla de grundläggande kraven på avbrottsrapportering och förhandsregleringsrapporter till EI. Samt att de alla hade väl utvecklade beräkningssystem, där de viktigaste ansågs vara kortslutningsströmmar och jordslutningsimpedanser.Tre av de redovisade systemen var helt grafiska, medan det fjärde som också är det befintliga systemet är tabellbaserat. Det visade sig dock att kunna utökas med en modul för grafisk visning av ledningarnas läge.Efter att ha undersökt de olika nätinformationssystemens arbetsmetoder, funktionalitet, styrkor och svagheter så kunde slutligen DigPros dpPower, ur en ren teknisk synvinkel, rekommenderas som det nätinformationssystem som bäst passar Vimmerby Energi & Miljö AB. Däremot visade sig Powel OpenNIS också vara ett mycket bra alternativ.Men då rapporten inte tar upp några kostnader i bedömningen så kan rekommendationen komma att förbises, då målet med rapporten främst är att identifieras Vimmerby Energi & Miljös behov, och att bedöma hur väl varje system uppfyller dessa. / This thesis investigates the market for current grid information system for electric grids, to determine which functions that are needed by Vimmerby Energi & Miljö AB. And also which grid information system that is best suited.The selection was based on information found on each grid information system's home-page. By means of demonstration data was collected from the selected grid information system, for comparison.From the comparison one could determine that all of the grid information systems did sat-isfy all the demands from Energimarknadsinspektionen concerning power outages and prior regulation of electrical grid tariffs. All of the grid information systems also satisfied the demands for grid calculations, primarily short circuit currents and earth fault imped-ances.Three of the presented grid information systems were purely graphical, whilst the fourth, which is the present grid information system, were table based. This could be supple-mented with a module for graphically displaying the positions of the lines on a map.By investigating the grid information systems work methods, functionality, strengths and weaknesses it was found that, from a purely technical perspective, the best choice would be DigPro's dpPower. Although Powel's OpenNIS proved to be a good alternative.Since the report only investigates the grid information systems from a technical perspec-tive, and therefore don't report on any of the cost of implementing or sustaining the grid information system, the recommended system might end up not being the best choice. This is mostly due to the purpose of the report, which is to investigate and find which type of functions that suite Vimmerby Energi & Miljö's need. And the recommended grid in-formation system is the one which is considered to satisfy most of these needs.