Dokumentationsformen åtgärdsprogram får utstå en hel del kritik både från tidigare forskning och från media vad gäller innehåll och utformning. Åtgärdsprogram ska skrivas när det misstänks att en elev inte når aktuella kunskapskrav. Då blir det därför viktigt i ett ämne som matematik som har en relativt hög andel underkända elever att åtgärdsprogramsprocessen fungerar väl. Denna systematiska litteraturstudies syfte är att kartlägga/identifiera eventuella faktorer som kan öka måluppfyllelsen i åtgärdsprogramprocessen i ämnet matematik. Det resultat och slutsatser denna studie kommer fram till är att det är ett antal olika faktorer som måste samspela för att åtgärdsprogramsprocessen i matematik skall falla väl ut. Faktorer som denna studie kommer fram till som kan påverka är exempelvis elevers och föräldrars delaktighet samt rektors engagemang och vilja att delta i arbetet. / Both from previous research and from the media the documentation form of education plan receives a lot of criticism in terms of both content and design. An education plan must be written if a student is suspected not to achieve current knowledge requirements. It will therefore be important in a subject like mathematics which has a relatively high percentage of students who fails to achieve the knowledge requirements. Therefore it is important that the process with the education plan fulfils its purpose. This systematic literature study aims to identify factors that may increase the effectiveness of education plan process in mathematics. The results and conclusions of this study put forward several different factors that must interact in order to make the educational plan process in mathematics successful. Factors that this study concludes that might have an affect are for example, pupils' and parents' participation and the headmasters’ commitment and volition to participate.

Viele Notarztzentren in Deutschland dokumentieren ihre Einsätze heutzutage mit digitaler Technik. Dadurch wird eine hohe Dokumentationsqualität erzielt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die handschriftliche Dokumentation des Notarztstützpunktes der Universitätsklinik Leipzig vor der Umstellung auf die digitale Technik zu untersuchen, um in einer folgenden Arbeit einen Vergleich zwischen den zwei Dokumentationsarten herstellen zu können. 1353 Protokolle wurden per Hand in eine eigens erstellte Eingabemaske übertragen und anschließend über die Fehlquoten die Dokumentationsqualität ermittelt. Daraufhin wurde untersucht, ob verschiedene Faktoren Einfluss auf die Dokumentationsqualität nehmen. Mit 44 von 48 möglichen ausgefüllten Feldern war das am besten ausgefüllte Protokoll zu 91% vollständig. Bei dem am schlechtesten ausgefüllten Protokoll waren neun Felder dokumentiert, das entspricht 20%. Die durchschnittliche Dokumentationsqualität lag somit bei 60%. In der weiteren Auswertung zeigte sich, dass der Weiterbildungsstand des Notarztes in dieser Untersuchung Einfluss auf die Dokumentationsqualität nimmt. Ebenso zeigten die verschiedenen Diagnosen der Patienten, der NACA-Score, der Zustand bei Übergabe und die Einsatzbeschreibung einen Einfluss auf die Dokumentationsqualität. Die handschriftliche Dokumentation auf vorgedruckten Notfallprotokollen aus Papier entspricht auf Grund der Nachteile in der Lesbarkeit und Handhabung sowie der fehlenden anschließenden Auswertbarkeit nicht dem heutigen Stand. Eine digitale Dokumentation, wie sie 2011 an der Uniklinik Leipzig eingeführt wurde, ist die Grundlage für ein modernes Qualitätsmanagement.

Software testing is crucial for uncovering software defects and ensuring software reliability. Symbolic execution has been utilized for automatic test generation to improve testing effectiveness. However, existing test generation techniques based on symbolic execution fail to take full advantage of programs’ rich amount of documentation specifying their input constraints, which can further enhance the effectiveness of test generation. In this paper we present a general approach, Document-Assisted Symbolic Execution (DASE), to improve automated test generation and bug detection. DASE leverages natural language processing techniques and heuristics to analyze programs’ readily available documentation and extract input constraints. The input constraints are then used as pruning criteria; inputs far from being valid are trimmed off. In this way, DASE guides symbolic execution to focus on those inputs that are semantically more important. We evaluated DASE on 88 programs from 5 mature real-world software suites: GNU Coreutils, GNU findutils, GNU grep, GNU Binutils, and elftoolchain. Compared to symbolic execution without input constraints, DASE increases line coverage, branch coverage, and call coverage by 5.27–22.10%, 5.83–21.25% and 2.81–21.43% respectively. In addition, DASE detected 13 previously unknown bugs, 6 of which have already been confirmed by the developers.

In this dissertation two art works of two female artists, Cindy Sherman and Berni Searle, are analysed comparatively using a method developed in semiotics. The artworks of Sherman that are used in this dissertation forms part of her Untitled Film Stills series and the artworks of Searle that are discussed forms part of her Looking Back series. The artworks and artists are contextualised within the postmodernism and within the realm of performance art. The study focuses on and discusses the way in which these two artists depict identity in their artworks. In Sherman's artworks this identity is linked to a Western, white identity. In contrast with this, the identity that Searle depicts is linked to an African, coloured identity. The study is concluded by a comparative summary of the different identities Sherman and Searle represent in their artworks as well as the way in which they represent these identities. / Thesis (M.A. (History of Arts))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Archival records are essential for understanding changes in the environment. However, these records are largely ignored by archivists, who overwhelmingly focus on records of human history. Algonquin Provincial Park in east-central Ontario was established in 1893 and is the oldest park in the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Provincial Parks system. In addition to the many official functions and activities that occur in Algonquin Provincial Park, it is host to extensive environmental monitoring, assessment and research. However, no adequate system is in place to ensure that the records of archival value are identified, appraised, and preserved. An appraisal methodology is required to assist archivists to identify environmental records of long-term value. Using Algonquin Provincial Park as a case study, through primary source analysis of its structures and functions and comparisons with other park systems, various archival appraisal theories and methodologies are tested in order to determine the best method for appraising environmental records in general and the records of parks. It is determined that macroappraisal is the best method for appraising only the records created by the official functions and activities of Algonquin Provincial Park. However, the park depends on and interacts with many external affiliated organizations, including the Algonquin Forestry Authority, The Friends of Algonquin Park, Algonquins of Golden Lake First Nation, leaseholders, researchers, protest groups, anglers, businesses and contractors. The creation of environmental monitoring, assessment and research records is increasingly accomplished external to official government functions and activities. Many of these external groups create environmental records of archival value, yet, no formal strategy to preserve irreplaceable records is implemented in Algonquin Park. Elements from archival appraisal methodologies such as macroappraisal, the documentation strategy and the Minnesota Method are helpful for determining the relative archival value, and therefore level of documentation, of these external individuals, groups and organizations. This combination of methodologies is the most effective for ensuring the preservation of important environmental information and subsequently the environment. Various preservation partnership strategies are also suggested for these records identified as having archival value.

In this dissertation two art works of two female artists, Cindy Sherman and Berni Searle, are analysed comparatively using a method developed in semiotics. The artworks of Sherman that are used in this dissertation forms part of her Untitled Film Stills series and the artworks of Searle that are discussed forms part of her Looking Back series. The artworks and artists are contextualised within the postmodernism and within the realm of performance art. The study focuses on and discusses the way in which these two artists depict identity in their artworks. In Sherman's artworks this identity is linked to a Western, white identity. In contrast with this, the identity that Searle depicts is linked to an African, coloured identity. The study is concluded by a comparative summary of the different identities Sherman and Searle represent in their artworks as well as the way in which they represent these identities. / Thesis (M.A. (History of Arts))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the position of the preschool teacher could come across in interviews with six teachers about their assignment to document and evaluate the preschool activity. The research done so far in this area shows that it can be a complex and difficult part of the preschool teachers work. A dilemma often described is how the teachers can be able to analyze and document the children´s learning with the aim to evaluate and develop the preschool activity without judging and mapping the children. A special focus of the study was to see how the methods and dsicourses described by the teachers possibly could affect the teachers´s position in the area of documentation and evaluation. To analyze the empirical data Ernesto Laclau (1935-2014) &amp; Chantal Mouffe´s discourse theory was used, a prespective witch also figured to be the theoretical foundation of the master thesis. The result of the study showed that the teachers often described themselves in a position between conflicting discourses. This was most apparent in relation to what seems to be a rather new material, focusing on mapping the individual children´s abilities. It could be interpreted that this material and the positioning of the preschool teacher in relation to it, is a part of a trend<img src="https://cdncache-a.akamaihd.net/items/it/img/arrow-10x10.png" /><img src="https://cdncache-a.akamaihd.net/items/it/img/arrow-10x10.png" /> that has been described by other researchers, where an Anglo-Saxon evaluation tradition with focus on the individual rather than the preschool as a whole is spreading.

The overall purpose of this study is to examine how preschool teachers make use of digital tools in correlation with pedagogical documentation. More specifically, the purpose is to interview preschool teachers about their ideas and their use of the digital tool Förskoleappen to record and document childrens learningprocesses. The purpose will be answered with help from the following questions: In what way do preschool teachers use Förskoleappen in pedagogical documentation? What ideas and views do preschool teachers have about digital technology in general and Förskoleappen in particular? In order to find the answers to our questions we carried out a qualitative study in the form of interviews with six preschool teachers from two different preschools. We have used the designtheoretical perspective as our theoretical frame. The designtheoretical perspective describes how teachers design their classrooms and how the choice of tools affects that design. The result of the study show that there are both pros and cons working with pedagogical documentation with the use of the digital tool Förskoleappen, though the preschool teachers express that they are mostly in favor of using it.

Evidenced based nursing seeks to integrate new knowledge from current research into practice. The use of clinical practice guidelines is one method of accomplishing this. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of differing clinical practice guideline representation formats on the quality of nursing care plans and on the experiences of nurses. To accomplish this, an experimental study taking place in a laboratory setting was executed. BC Cancer Agency nurses volunteered as the participants. The nurses were given case scenarios and asked to generate nursing care plans with the assistance of clinical practice guidelines. The clinical practice guidelines were presented in two formats: Portable Document Format (PDF) and Web Based Interactive (WBI). The quality of the care plans was rated using a validated evaluation tool. Participants were asked to ‘think-aloud’ during the care planning process and their experiences were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through a cognitive task analysis. This study revealed advantages and disadvantages to both formats and provided insight into nurses' experiences. This study also showed no statistically significant difference in the quality of care plan documentation, regardless of clinical practice guideline format. This study highlights the importance of evaluating health informatics projects in healthcare settings to ensure positive outcomes in measures of user experience and measures of documentation quality. / Graduate / 0569 / 0758 / 0984 / csimad@gmail.com

Archival records are essential for understanding changes in the environment. However, these records are largely ignored by archivists, who overwhelmingly focus on records of human history. Algonquin Provincial Park in east-central Ontario was established in 1893 and is the oldest park in the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Provincial Parks system. In addition to the many official functions and activities that occur in Algonquin Provincial Park, it is host to extensive environmental monitoring, assessment and research. However, no adequate system is in place to ensure that the records of archival value are identified, appraised, and preserved. An appraisal methodology is required to assist archivists to identify environmental records of long-term value. Using Algonquin Provincial Park as a case study, through primary source analysis of its structures and functions and comparisons with other park systems, various archival appraisal theories and methodologies are tested in order to determine the best method for appraising environmental records in general and the records of parks. It is determined that macroappraisal is the best method for appraising only the records created by the official functions and activities of Algonquin Provincial Park. However, the park depends on and interacts with many external affiliated organizations, including the Algonquin Forestry Authority, The Friends of Algonquin Park, Algonquins of Golden Lake First Nation, leaseholders, researchers, protest groups, anglers, businesses and contractors. The creation of environmental monitoring, assessment and research records is increasingly accomplished external to official government functions and activities. Many of these external groups create environmental records of archival value, yet, no formal strategy to preserve irreplaceable records is implemented in Algonquin Park. Elements from archival appraisal methodologies such as macroappraisal, the documentation strategy and the Minnesota Method are helpful for determining the relative archival value, and therefore level of documentation, of these external individuals, groups and organizations. This combination of methodologies is the most effective for ensuring the preservation of important environmental information and subsequently the environment. Various preservation partnership strategies are also suggested for these records identified as having archival value.