Acid treatments have predominantly been conducted using HCl for its availability, high rock dissolving power and soluble reaction products. At high temperatures, rapid spending of the acid with carbonates prevents deeper penetration distance into the formations. Alternative fluids such as acetic and formic acid have lent themselves to retarded reaction rates, low corrosivity and reduced tendency to form acid/oil sludge in asphaltene-rich crudes but for high reaction rate problems. Chelating agents, with the added advantage of complexing with alkali-earth metals in carbonates to form water-soluble products that are thermally stable at high temperature, have been introduced as stimulation fluids. Glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) are aminopolycarboxylic acids that were studied. To predict the spending of chelating agents relative to simple organic acids at temperatures between 150 and 250˚F, the chemical kinetics of dolomite dissolution in these acid solutions were investigated over different reaction conditions in a rotating disk apparatus. Samples of the reacted acids from the reactor were collected and then analyzed with inductively coupled plasma (ICP). Analyses of the experimental data were carried out to determine kinetic parameters of the heterogeneous reactions needed for matrix stimulation of dolomitic reservoirs. Experimental results indicated that dolomite dissolution rates increased in all the acid solutions as the disk rotational speeds increased at 150, 200, and 250˚F. The dissolution of dolomite in 0.886 M GLDA was found to be surface-reaction limited at lower temperatures and mass-transfer limited at highest temperature. GLDA with the lowest reaction rates and relative diffusion coefficient demonstrated retardation before spending with deeper penetration capability for productivity and injectivity improvement.

The Oligocene Brac Formation is the oldest part of the Bluff Group that is exposed on Cayman Brac. Sediments of the Brac Formation were deposited on a small, open bank in shallow marine waters. Today, the formation is composed of limestone, finely crystalline dolostone, and coarsely crystalline sucrosic dolostone. The Pollard Bay member, defined herein, comprises the sucrosic dolomite that is exposed only on the south coast of Cayman Brac. Changes in sea level and subsequent groundwater chemistry mediated a complex diagenetic evolution that is responsible for the lithological heterogeneity that now characterizes the formation. Field, petrographic, and geochemical analyses indicate that dolomitization was probably mediated by normal to slightly modified seawater. Multiphase dolomite crystals represent different stages of textural and geochemical maturity, and attest to time-transgressive dolomitization processes that evolved in various hydrologic regimes through time.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosaneMPBO.pdf: 98647 bytes, checksum: ef6407a549134b95288d059aac5174a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The natural gas is an alternative source of energy which is found underground in porous and permeable rocks and being associated or not to the oil. Its basic composition includes methane, other hydrocarbon and compounds such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, sulphidric gas, mercaptans, water and solid particles. In this work, the dolomite mineral, a double carbonate of calcium and magnesium whose the chemical formula is CaMg(CO3)2, was evaluated as adsorbent material. The material was characterized by granulometric analysis, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, specific surface area, porosity, scanning electronic microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Then the material was functionalized with diethanolamine (dolomite+diethanolamine) and diisopropylamine (dolomite+diisopropylamine). The results indicated that the adsorbents presented appropriate physiochemical characteristics for H2S adsorption. The adsorption tests were accomplished in a system coupled to a gas chromatograph and the H2S monitoring in the output of the system was accomplished by a pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD). The adsorbents presented a significant adsorption capacity. Among the analyzed adsorbents, the dolomite+diethanolamine presented the best capacity of adsorption. The breakthrough curves obtained proved the efficiency of this process / O g?s natural ? uma fonte de energia alternativa encontrada no subsolo em rochas porosas e perme?veis, podendo estar associado ou n?o ao petr?leo. Sua composi??o b?sica inclui metano, outros hidrocarbonetos e compostos tais como o di?xido de carbono, nitrog?nio, g?s sulf?drico, mercaptanas, ?gua e part?culas s?lidas. Neste trabalho, o mineral dolomita, um carbonato duplo de c?lcio e magn?sio de f?rmula qu?mica CaMg(CO3)2, foi avaliado como material adsorvente. O material foi caracterizado atrav?s de an?lise granulom?trica, fluoresc?ncia de raios X, difra??o de raios X, an?lise termogravim?trica, an?lise t?rmica diferencial, ?rea de superf?cie espec?fica, porosidade, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, espectroscopia de absor??o na regi?o do infravermelho e, posteriormente, foi funcionalizado com dietanolamina (dolomita+dietanolamina) e diisopropilamina (dolomita+diisopropilamina). Os resultados indicaram que os adsorventes apresentavam caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas adequadas para adsor??o de H2S. Os ensaios de adsor??o foram realizados em um sistema acoplado a um cromat?grafo a g?s e o monitoramento do H2S na sa?da do sistema foi realizado por um detector fotom?trico de chama pulsante (PFPD). Os adsorventes apresentaram uma capacidade de adsor??o significativa. Dentre os adsorventes analisados, a dolomita+dietanolamina apresentou melhor capacidade de adsor??o, as curvas de ruptura obtidas comprovaram a efici?ncia deste processo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobertoALS_TESE1.pdf: 2084680 bytes, checksum: 363c20f74fc941226fbec8734689dfb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Piau? state is a major producer of traditional red ceramic burning as bricks, tiles and ceramic tiles, with its main production center located in the city of Teresina. The state has large reserves of raw materials that can be used in the ceramic coating as clays, quartz, talc and carbonates. However, in the preparation of ceramic bodies using only a mixture of clays with different characteristics. The study aims to evaluate the effect of adding two types of carbonates in the ceramic semiporous mass coating produced in Piau? and then to verify the potential use of these carbonates as supplementary raw material product manufactured or the feasibility of obtaining a ceramic plate that meets the specifications for the porous coating. For this, were characterized the ceramic Piau? coating mass, a calcitic carbonate and a dolomitic, were made in the levels of 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32%. The masses were formed by pressing and burneds in two environments: a laboratory furnace (1080?C, 1120?C, 1140?C, and 1160?C) and an industrial furnace (1140?C). Then, following tests of linear shrinkage water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density and flexural strength. Furthermore, the fired specimens were tested for their macrostructure and microstructure. The results showed the possibility of using the carbonate in ceramic mass flooring produced in Piau?, as added in small proportions improved dimensional stability and increased mechanical strength of ceramics pieces. It also proved itself possible to produce porous coating when added in higher levels / O Estado do Piau? ? um grande produtor de cer?micas tradicionais de queima vermelha como tijolos, telhas e revestimentos cer?micos, com seu principal p?lo produtivo localizado no munic?pio de Teresina. O Estado possui grandes reservas de mat?rias-primas que podem ser utilizadas no setor cer?mico de revestimento como argilas, quartzo, talco e carbonatos. Por?m, na elabora??o das massas cer?micas se utiliza uma mistura de argilas com caracter?sticas diferentes. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adi??o de dois tipos de carbonatos em uma massa cer?mica de revestimento semiporoso produzido no Piau?, e assim verificar a potencialidade da utiliza??o destes carbonatos como mat?ria-prima complementar do produto fabricado ou a viabilidade de se obter uma placa cer?mica que atenda as especifica??es para o revestimento poroso. Para isso, foram caracterizadas a massa cer?mica de revestimento piauiense, um carbonato calc?tico e outro dolom?tico, ambos oriundos de jazidas localizadas pr?ximas a Teresina - PI. As adi??es na massa cer?mica de cada carbonato foram feitas nos teores de 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32%. As massas foram conformadas por prensagem e queimadas em dois ambientes: forno de laborat?rio (1080?C, 1120?C, 1140?C e 1160?C) e forno industrial (1140?C). Em seguida, realizados ensaios tecnol?gicos de perda ao fogo, retra??o linear, absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, massa espec?fica aparente e resist?ncia mec?nica ? flex?o. Al?m disso, as amostras queimadas foram avaliadas em sua macroestrutura e microestrutura. Os resultados mostraram a possibilidade de se utilizar os carbonatos na massa cer?mica do revestimento produzido no Piau?, pois adicionado em pequenas propor??es melhorou a estabilidade dimensional e aumentou a resist?ncia mec?nica das pe?as cer?micas. Tamb?m se mostrou vi?vel para produ??o de revestimento poroso quando adicionado em teores mais elevados

Invasive species are cited as a major threat to native community composition and biodiversity throughout the world. Some recent studies have focused on whether invasive species are the drivers or passengers of change in degraded systems. A strongly-interactive community is supposed to resist invasion by all but the most strong invasive competitors (`drivers') which can establish there without the aid of disturbance and actively reduce the abundance of natives. A weakly-interactive community, impaired by some anthropogenic disruption, is invasible by weaker exotics which are merely `passengers' of the habitat degradation that is more constraining to natives. Though competitive and disturbance-adapted species fit into this model, there is no correlate for species with superior toleration of stress. Systems with high degrees of natural abiotic stress are weakly-interactive and as a result may be invasible by an exotic `tolerator' in the same way that anthropogenically-weak systems are invasible by passengers. Dolomite prairie, differentiated from typic tallgrass prairie by its shallow soils, represents a relatively stressful system. A study of its plant community composition and relationships to environmental variables was done to get a better understanding of the natural abiotic drivers of composition. Compositional patterns were most closely associated with the soil depth gradient. Exotic Poa species were by far the most frequent invaders, a finding more typical of Great Lakes alvars than of typic tallgrass prairie of which the dolomite prairie is a subset. I hypothesized that Poa species dominated dolomite prairie via the tolerator model. In a series of removal treatments, I determined that Poa is neither a driver nor a tolerator, but a passenger of environmental degradation. My results suggest that historic anthropogenic degradation rather than specific competitive ability is a common explanation for exotic dominance on the landscape today. More empirical work needs to be conducted in other stressful (particularly relatively undisturbed) systems to further investigate the tolerator model.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Glycerol is a by-product of the biodiesel obtaining process and is highlighted due to its availability in the market and its high chemical functionality, presenting itself as a possible forerunner of a number of value-added compounds, e.g., their oligomers (di- and triglycerol). The characteristics of heterogeneous catalysts favor the transformation of glycerol valorization processes in even more sustainable routes. In this context, this paper proposes to evaluate the use of dolomite and eggshell as heterogeneous catalysts in the solventless oligomerization of glycerol. The materials were tested as catalysts in natural and calcined forms. The thermal process has modified the structure and morphology of the materials and their textural properties. Calcination was effective in increasing their catalytic activity. The calcined dolomite showed better catalytic performance, being capable of producing glycerol conversion around 97% with selectivity to diglycerol about 6,7% by reactions with a catalyst/glycerol mass ratio of 0,02; at 220  C, nitrogen flow and 24 hours. Using eggshells the best conditions were catalyst/glycerol mass ratio of 0,01 at 220  C and 24 hours, obtaining a conversion of approximately 75% and selectivity of 10,9 %. In both cases, there was formation of a high molecular weight product with non-newtonian and pseudoplastic fluid rheological behavior. Dolomite reusing tests pointed to its dissolution in the reaction product with consequent appearance of Ca and Mg in the samples, detected by ICP. There was a significant change in conversion and selectivity to diglycerol with two reuse cycles. The reaction conditions found are less severe than those reported in the literature with the use of synthetic catalysts, which added to the low cost of the material make its utilization promising in the glycerol oligomerization process. / O glicerol, subproduto do processo de obtenÃÃo do biodiesel, encontra-se em evidÃncia dada sua alta disponibilidade no mercado e por possuir alta funcionalidade quÃmica, apresentando-se como possÃvel precursor de uma sÃrie de compostos de valor agregado, por exemplo, seus oligÃmeros (di e triglicerol). As caracterÃsticas dos catalisadores heterogÃneos favorecem a transformaÃÃo dos processos de valorizaÃÃo do glicerol em rotas ainda mais sustentÃveis. Neste contexto, este trabalho propÃe-se a avaliar o uso da dolomita e da casca de ovo como catalisadores bÃsicos heterogÃneos na oligomerizaÃÃo do glicerol na ausÃncia de solvente. Os materiais foram testados como catalisadores nas formas natural e calcinada. O processo tÃrmico modificou a estrutura e a morfologia dos materiais bem como suas propriedades texturais. A calcinaÃÃo foi efetiva no aumento da atividade catalÃtica dos mesmos. A dolomita calcinada mostrou melhor desempenho catalÃtico permitindo a obtenÃÃo de conversÃo do glicerol em torno de 97 % com seletividade ao diglicerol de cerca de 6,7 %, em reaÃÃes com 2 % de catalisador, 220 ÂC, fluxo de nitrogÃnio e 24 horas de duraÃÃo. Quanto à casca de ovo as melhores condiÃÃes foram: carga de catalisador de 1 %, 220 ÂC e 24 horas, obtendo-se uma conversÃo de aproximadamente 75 % e seletividade de 10,9 %. Em ambos casos, houve a formaÃÃo de um produto de elevada massa molecular e comportamento reolÃgico nÃo-newtoniano e pseudoplÃstico. Os testes de reuso da dolomita apontaram para a dissoluÃÃo da mesma no produto reacional, com consequente aparecimento de teores de Ca e Mg nas amostras, detectados por ICP. Houve significativa alteraÃÃo da conversÃo e da seletividade ao diglicerol com 2 ciclos de reuso. As condiÃÃes reacionais encontradas sÃo menos severas que as reportadas na literatura com o uso de catalisadores sintÃticos, o que somado ao baixo custo do material tornam promissora sua aplicaÃÃo no processo de oligomerizaÃÃo do glicerol.

M.Sc. / Certain carbonate bearing formations in the Paleoproterozoic Pretoria Group and its Griqualand West equivalent exhibit remarkable geochemical and stable isotopic signatures. The 8'3Ccarb isotopic signatures from the Duitschland and Silverton Formations exhibit large positive excursions, which seemingly coincide with a significant increase in atmospheric oxygen between 2.4 and 2.0 Ga. The Duitschland Formation with its distinctive basal unconformity is composed primarily of limestone and dolomite units, interbedded with two compositionally different shale units and quartzite. Toward the base of the formation there is a distinct conglomeratic quartzite which forms a sequence boundary above which isotopic and geochemical signatures change dramatically. Normal marine isotopic signatures characterize the lower portion of the succession while above the sequence boundari, the carbonates are enriched in "C. This enrichment, however, appears to be the result of local processes occurring within a closed basin. Furthermore it is apparent that the Duitschland Formation (with its three distinct marker beds) is the equivalent of the Rooihoogte Formation and therefore constitutes the base of the Pretoria Group. The Mooidraai Dolomite Formation which outcrops only locally in the Northern Cape Province, is characterized by fenestral and microbially laminated dolomite. The geochemical properties are relatively homogeneous with increases in the FeO and MnO concentrations, resulting from post depositional diagenesis. The stable isotope signatures of these dolomites represent normal marine signatures. There is, however, a depletion in the 813C and 8180 signatures in the ankeritic and sideritic lithofacies, which suggests that this succession was deposited from a stratified water column with respect to the total dissolved CO2. The positive 6 13C excursion present in the carbonates of the Lucknow Formation in Griqualand West, traditionally grouped with the Olifantshoek Group can be correlated with carbonates near the top of the Silverton Formation in the Transvaal area. The latter also displays distinctly positive 6 43C values. One possibility is that if these successions were deposited in closed anoxic basins and that the isotopic anomalies are the result of local processes such as fermentive diagenesis and methanogenesis. However, the close association of the carbonates with shallow marine orthoquartzites suggests that these were deposited in an open marine system and that the positive 8 !3C values reflect a shift in the composition of the ocean water at the time of deposition of the carbonates at 2.2 Ga. Other carbonates present in the Pretoria Group, namely from the Vermont and Houtenbek Formations, display normal open marine 8' 3C values of close to zero. A systematic stratigraphic compilation of all 6 43C values available from the Transvaal Supergroup indicates that two clear-cut positive 5' 3C excursions are present. These excursions were apparently short-lived and well defined and did not occur over an extended period of time as suggested by earlier studies based on global compilations with large uncertainties in radiometric ages of deposits.

The Uitkomst Complex is located within the Great Escarpment area close to the town of Badplaas, approximately 300 km due east of Pretoria, in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. This complex is believed to represent a layered conduit system related to the 2.06 Ga Bushveld Complex. The succession from the bottom up comprises the Basal Gabbro- (BGAB), Lower Harzburgite- (LHZBG) and Chromitiferous Harzburgite (PCR) Units, collectively referred to as the Basal Units, followed by the Main Harzburgite- (MHZBG), Upper Pyroxenite-(PXT) and Gabbronorite (GN) Units, collectively referred to as the Main Units. The Basal Unit is largely hosted by the Malmani Dolomite Formation, in the Pretoria Group of the Transvaal Supergroup sediments. The Lower Harzburgite Unit contains numerous calc-silicate xenoliths derived from the Malmani Dolomite. The Basal Units host the economically important nickel-bearing sulphide and chromite deposits exploited by the Nkomati Mine. An area of extensive localized talc-chlorite alteration is found in the area delineated for large scale open cast mining. This phenomenon has bearing on the nature and distribution of the sulphide minerals in the Chromitiferous Harzburgite and to a lesser extent the Lower Harzburgite Units. The Basal Unit is comprised of both near pristine areas of mafic minerals and areas of extensive secondary replacement minerals. Of the olivine minerals, only fosterite of magmatic origin is found, the fosterite suffered hydrothermal alteration resulting in replacement of it by serpentine and secondary magnetite. Three different types of diopside are found, the first is a primary magamatic phase, the second is a hybrid “transitional” phase and the third, a skarn phase. Hydrothermal alteration of the matrix diopside led to the formation of actinolite-tremolite pseudomorphs. This secondary tremolite is intergrown with the nickeliferous sulphide grains. Chromite grains are rimmed or replaced by secondary magnetite. Pyrrhotite grains is also rimmed or replaced by secondary magnetite. Talc and chlorite is concentrated in the highly altered rocks, dominating the PCR unit. Primary plagioclase and calcite do not appear to have suffered alteration to the same extent as the other precursor mafic magmatic and hydrothermal minerals. It is suggested that the PCR was the first unit to be emplaced near the contact of the dolomite and shale host rock. The more primitive mafic mineral composition and presence of chromitite attest to this interpretation. The LHZBG and MHZBG units may have been emplaced simultaneously, the LHZBG below and the MHZBG above. Interaction and partial assimilation of the dolomitic country rock led to a disruption of the primary mafic mineralogy, resulting in the preferential formation of diopside at the expense of orthopyroxene and plagioclase. Addition of country rock sulphur resulted in sulphur saturation of the magma and resulted in the observed mineralization. The downward stoping of the LHZBG magma, in a more “passive” pulse-like manner led to the formation of the calc-silicate xenolith lower third of this unit. It is proposed that the interaction with, and assimilation of the dolomitic host rock by the intruding ultramafic magmas of the Basal Units are responsible, firstly, for the segregation of the nickeliferous sulphides from the magma, and secondly for the formation of a carbonate-rich deuteric fluid that affected the primary magmatic mineralogy of the Basal Unit rocks. The fluids released during the assimilation and recrystallization of the dolomites also led to the serpentinization of the xenoliths themselves and probably the surrounding hybrid and mafic- ultramafic host rocks. The CO2-rich fluids migrated up and outward, while the H2O-rich fluids remained confined to the area around the xenoliths and LHZBG unit. The H2O-rich fluid is thought to be responsible for the retrograde metamorphism of the precursor magmatic and metamorphic minerals in the Lower Harzburgite Unit. The formation of an exoscarn within the dolomitic country rocks and a selvage of endoskarn on the contact form an effective solidification front that prevented further contamination of the magma. It is also suggested that these solidification fronts constrained the lateral extent of the conduit. The CO2-enriched deutric fluid was able to migrate up to the PCR unit. Here the fluid was not removed as effectively as in the underlying parts of the developing conduit. This resulted in higher CO2-partial pressures in the PCR unit, and the stabilization of talccarbonate assemblages that extensively replaced the precursor magmatic mineralogy. Intrusion of the magma into the shales, which may have been more susceptible to assimilation and greater stoping, led to a broadening in the lateral extent of the Complex, in the Main units above the trough-like feature occupied by the Basal Units. Late-stage, hydrous dominated fluid migration is inferred to have been constrained to the central part of the conduit. This is demonstrated by the dominance of chlorite in the central part of the Uitkomst Complex in the study area. The Uitkomst Complex was further deformed by later intrusions of dolerite dykes. Weathering of the escarpment led to exposure of the conduit as a valley and oxidation of the surficial exposed rocks. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Geology / unrestricted

The close association of lead-zinc deposits with dolomite and dolomitic limestone and the common occurrence of these deposits within dolomitic envelopes in limestone present an interesting and challenging problem to economic geologists. A review has been made of the manners in which dolomite and lead-zinc ore are found to be associated. Possible reasons for the association of dolomite and ore and processes by which lime stones in the vicinity of lead-zinc deposits may be altered to dolomite have been considered. Dolomites in general are believed to be very favorable host rocks for lead-zinc ore but whereas this favorability may facilitate the localization of ore in primary dolomites, it can hardly be regarded as the primary localizing factor in those deposits which occur within dolomitized zones in limestone. The alteration of limestone in the vicinity of lead-zinc deposits may be best attributed to magnesium-rich hydrothermal solutions, the magnesium of which is not genetically related to the parent magma. The mechanism proposed by Faust, whereby magnisium-rich solutions are derived from dolomites which have been thermally dissociated in the vicinity of an intruding magma, adequately fulfils the requirements of a dolomitizing agent. If we can assume that ore-bearing solutions have arisen from the same magma that brought about the dissociation of a pre-existing dolomite, then dolomite and ore may necessarily be closely associated by reason of dolomitizing and ore-bearing solutions having been localized by the same structural controls. A study of specimens from the Jackpot property, Ymir, B.C., a deposit occurring in dolomitized limestone, has revealed little information with respect to the process of dolomitization other than indicating that dolomitization preceded sulphide mineralization. Most of the sulphide mineralization at the Jackpot property occurs within calcitic zones in dolomite. It is believed that dolomite has been replaced by the sulphide minerals and has been later partially replaced by calcite in the zones of sulphide mineralization. If Faust’s proposal that magnesium-rich solutions may be derived from a thermally dissociated dolomite in the vicinity of an intruding magma is valid, one may conclude that at a late stage in the hydrothermal activity, when magnesium has been largely removed from the thermally dissociated dolomite, the solutions may become relatively rich in the less soluble calcium carbonate. These later calcium carbonate-rich solutions may be responsible for the replacement of dolomite by calcite in the mineralized zones. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Osvair Vidal Trevisan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T00:01:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RuidiazMunoz_Eddy_D.pdf: 4515503 bytes, checksum: 70497e20d04fea10c0814c3960b218d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Em caracterização de reservatórios, é importante estudar e entender propriedades chaves na produção de petróleo. Em reservatórios carbonáticos, uma destas propriedades é a molhabilidade. Diretamente relacionada à interação rocha/fluido no reservatório, pode variar entre molhabilidade intermediária e a preferencial ao óleo. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o de estudar o mecanismo de alteração da molhabilidade em rochas de coquinas e dolomita de afloramentos. Foram realizados experimentos usando água com concentração de 35kppm e 200kppm de cloreto de sódio, água do mar modificada na composição iônica e água enriquecida com CO2. Inicialmente foram caracterizadas as rochas na sua estrutura e composição mineral seguido de um teste de forças capilares e molhabilidade inicial. Em seguida, foi investigada a adsorção/dissolução de ións de sulfato. Com o propósito de obter rochas com molhabilidade ao óleo, foi realizado um estudo de envelhecimento baseado no tempo de contato utilizando óleo morto e uma mistura constituída por óleo mineral e ácido naftênico (2%) sobre uma condição de saturação de 100%. A partir destes resultados foram preparadas rochas com saturação de água irredutível para medir a molhabilidade através de embebição espontânea e do índice de Amott_Harvey. As águas utilizadas foram salmouras em diferentes concentrações salinas, salmoura carbonatadas e água do mar modificada. Para encerrar o estudo, foram realizadas trocas de concentração salina e iônica, para observar os efeitos na recuperação e associá-los com a alteração da molhabilidade. Os resultados obtidos no estudo do envelhecimento, as coquinas não apresentaram variações na recuperação durante os tempos utilizados. Já para as rochas de dolomita, conforme se aumentou o tempo de envelhecimento, a recuperação diminuiu consideravelmente, fenômeno diretamente associado à adsorção de componentes polares durante o envelhecimento. Além disso, as rochas de dolomita responderam positivamente às trocas de concentração salina. No caso do uso de água do mar modificada, os resultados mostram que para as rochas de dolomita apresentaram-se dois cenários no fenômeno de alteração da molhabilidade; o primeiro relacionado com a presença de sulfato na água do mar e/ou a remoção do cloreto de sódio, e o segundo com a injeção de água de baixa salinidade. Para as rochas de coquina o fator relevante para obter volumes adicionais por efeitos da alteração da molhabilidade foi o acréscimo de concentração de sulfato, com a remoção do cloreto de sódio da água utilizada ou o uso de água do mar com altas concentrações de sulfato. Finalmente o estudo do efeito do CO2 na alteração da molhabilidade mostrou que, tanto pela embebição espontânea quanto pelo índice Amott_Harvey, a molhabilidade não é alterada significativamente com o uso de água carbonatada / Abstract: In reservoir characterization, it is important to study and understand properties that are key in oil production. One of these properties in carbonate reservoirs is rock wettability. Directly related to the reservoir rock/fluid interaction, rock wettability can vary from intermediate to preferably oil-wetting. The main objective of this work was to study the mechanism of wettability alteration in limestone and dolomite outcrop rocks. Experiments were carried out using sodium chloride brines at 35kppm and 200kppm, seawater brines modified in its ionic composition and sodium chloride brines at 35kppm and 200kppm enriched with CO2. Initially, the rocks samples were characterized in their mineralogy and structure and initial wetting and capillary forces. In the sequence tests were performed with the samples to investigate adsorption/dissolution of sulfate ions. In order to attain oil-wetting conditions, an aging study using dead oil or a mixture composed by synthetic mineral oil and naphthenic acid (2%) was undertaken, focusing contact time. After these results, rocks were prepared at irreducible water saturation for measuring the wettability by spontaneous imbibition and Amott_Harvey wettability index. Injection water was: brines of different salinities, modified seawater and brines enriched with CO2. To close the study, salinity and ionic concentration were switched, in order to check for additional recoveries and associate them with wettability alteration. The results obtained from the aging, study show that limestone had no variations in oil recovery for the aging time evaluated. In the case of dolomites, there was increase on oil recovery as the aging time increased. The occurrence is attributed to the adsorption of polar components during the aging. In addition, additional recoveries were obtained for dolomites with the switch of brine concentration. For the modified seawater, the results showed that wettability alteration in dolomite presented two scenarios; the first is related to the presence of sulphate ions in seawater or with the removal of sodium chloride, and the second one, the injection of low salinity water. For the limestone, the relevant factor for wettability alteration was the increase of sulfate ions associated with removal of sodium chloride from seawater or the use of seawater spiked with high concentrations of sulfate. Finally, there was no significant change on rock wettability when carbonated water was used. Both spontaneous imbibition and Amott_Harvey indices show no relevant effect of CO2 regarding wettability alteration / Doutorado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Doutor em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo