Submitted by Daniella Santos (daniella.santos@ufma.br) on 2017-11-23T13:50:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HedvanPinto.pdf: 2328772 bytes, checksum: d8b425eaee2ff4849509ead942f907ee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-23T13:50:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HedvanPinto.pdf: 2328772 bytes, checksum: d8b425eaee2ff4849509ead942f907ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-24 / Nowadays, tablet and smartphones are commonly used by children for both entertainment and education. Interactive e-book for mobile devices offer a enhanced experience when compared to traditional books, being potentially more engaging and fun for readers. However, to explore the most interesting features in these environments, authors have scarce support. In the sense that there are not many high level support tools and that these features are usually only accessible programmatically. In this work, we intend to extract as main characteristics of interactive e-books and propose a model called Fábulas that allow authors to create declarative interactive e-books. The model was designed based on a systematic analysis of interactive e-books, authoring tools and authoring languages for multimedia applications. In addition, this dissertation presents a case study for an implementation of Fábulas for web browsers with Javascript and HTML and for a SceneSync language. / Hoje em dia, os tablets e smartphones são comumente usados por crianças tanto para entretenimento quanto para educação. E-books interativos em dispositivos móveis permitem uma experiência mais rica quando comparada com livros tradicionais, sendo potencialmente mais envolvente e divertido para os leitores. Contudo, para explorar os recursos mais interessantes nesses ambientes, os autores têm pouco suporte. No sentido de que não existem muitas ferramentas de apoio de nível elevado e que estas funcionalidades são normalmente acessíveis apenas através de programação. Neste trabalho, retendemos extrair as principais características de e-books interativos e propor um modelo chamadoFábulas que permite aos autores criarem e-books interativos declarativamente. O modelo foi concebido tomando como ponto de partida uma análise sistemática de e-books interativos, ferramentas de autoria e linguagens de autoria para aplicações multimídia. Além disso, esta dissertação apresenta um estudo de caso para a implementação de Fábulas para navegadores web com Javascript e HTML e para a linguagem SceneSync.

La conception d’un langage de modélisation pour domaine spécifique (DSML) implique la conception d’un outillage dédié qui met en oeuvre des fonctionnalités de traitement et d’analyse pour ce langage. Dans bien des cas, les fonctionnalités à mettre en oeuvre existent déjà , mais elles s’appliquent à des portions ou à des variantes du DSML que le concepteur manipule. Réutiliser ces fonctionnalités existantes est un moyen de simplifier la production de l’outillage d’un nouveau DSML. La réutilisation implique que les données du DSML soient adaptées afin de les rendre valides du point de vue de la fonctionnalité à réutiliser. Si l’adaptation est faite et les données sont placées dans le contexte de la fonctionnalité, elle peut être réutilisée. Le résultat produit par l’outil reste dans le contexte de l’outil et il doit être adapté afin de le placer dans le contexte du DSML (migration inverse). Dans ce cadre, la réutilisation n’a de sens que si les deux adaptations de données sont peu coûteuses. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un mécanisme qui intègre la migration, la réutilisation et la migration inverse. La principale contribution est une approche qui facilite la réutilisation de fonctionnalités existantes via des migrations de modèles. Cette approche facilite la production de l’outillage d’un DSML. Elle permet de faire des migrations réversibles entre deux DSMLs sémantiquement proches. L’utilisateur est guidé lors du processus de réutilisation pour fournir rapidement l’outillage complet et efficace d’un DSML. L’approche a été formalisée et appliquée à un DSML (Orcc) dans le contexte des MPSoC. / Designers of domain specific modeling languages (DSMLs) must provide all the tooling of these languages. In many cases, the features to be developped already exist, but it applies to portions or variants of the DSML.One way to simplify the implementation of these features is by reusing the existing functionalities. Reuse means that DSML data must be adapted to be valid according to the functionality to be reused. If the adaptation is done and the data are placed in the context of the functionality, it can be reused. The result produced by the tool remains in the context of the tool and it must be adapted to be placed in the context of the DSML (reverse migration).In this context, reuse makes sense only if the migration and the reverse migration are not very expensive. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a mechanism to integrate the migration, the reuse and the reversemigration and apply them efficiently. The main contribution is an approach that facilitates the reuse of existing functionalities by means of model migrations. This approach facilitates the production of the tooling for a DSML. It allows reversible migration between two DSMLs semantically close. The user is guided during the ruse process to quickly provide the tooling of his DSML.The approach has been formalised et applied to a DSML (Orcc) in the context of the MPSoC.

Modeliais grįstas programų kūrimas yra vienas naujausių abstrakcijos pakėlimo būdų programų kūrimo procese. Jis kai kuriais atvejais leidžia pagreitinti programų kūrimo procesą net iki 10 kartų. Šiame darbe analizuojamas dviejų modeliais grįstų metodų taikymas dokumentų valdymo sistemų kūrime – tai apibendrinta modeliais grįsta architektūra (MDA) ir dalykinei sričiai specifinis modeliavimas (DSM). Darbe rasite tiek teorinius šios temos aspektus, tiek ir praktinius bandymus. Teorinėje dalyje apibrėžta dokumentų valdymo sistema – jos pagrindinės funkcijos bei savybės. Taip pat išskirti pagrindiniai modeliais grįstų metodų privalumai ir trūkumai. Praktinių bandymų metu atsiskleidžia tikroji metodams skirtų palaikyti įrankių vertė. MDA įrankių atveju realiai pamatysite, kokios pagalbos galima laukti iš jų spartinant programų kūrimą. Tuo tarpu analizuojant DSM galimybes buvo sukurtas pilnai funkcionuojantis įrankis skirtas dokumentų valdymo sistemoms kurti, kuris leidžia sumodeliuoti dokumentų valdymo sistemų duomenų sluoksnį, sugeneruoti jo kodą bei duomenų bazių schemą. DSL kalbos kūrimo žingsnių aprašymas gali būti naudojamas kaip pagrindas kitų dalykinių sričių kalbų kūrimui, o sukurta kalba gali būti praplėsta iki tokio lygio, kokio reikia, ir naudojama dokumentų valdymo sistemų kūrime. / Model Driven Development is one of the newest ways to increase level of abstraction in software development process. In some cases it allows to increase productivity up to 10 times. This work analyzes usage of two model driven methods in the creation of document management systems. They are, unified Model Driven Architecture (MDA) and Domain Specific Modeling (DSM). You will find both, theoretical and practical aspects of this topic. Theoretical part consists of a definition of document management system, its functions and characteristics. It also contains main advantages and drawbacks of model driven methods. During practical experiments the real value of method supporting tools is revealed. In case of MDA tools, you will see what help can you expect while increasing productivity. Whereas while analyzing DSM possibilities the fully functional tool for modeling document systems was created. It allows creating a model of a data layer, generating its source code and database scheme. The description of DSL creation steps can be used as a base for other domains, and created language can be extended as much as needed and used to create document management systems.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-03-22T17:53:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Cipriano Mota Sousa - 2012.pdf: 2362932 bytes, checksum: 554bee516fc979b416ec8ff1b253e521 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-23T14:15:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Cipriano Mota Sousa - 2012.pdf: 2362932 bytes, checksum: 554bee516fc979b416ec8ff1b253e521 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-23T14:15:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Gustavo Cipriano Mota Sousa - 2012.pdf: 2362932 bytes, checksum: 554bee516fc979b416ec8ff1b253e521 (MD5) license_rdf: 19874 bytes, checksum: 38cb62ef53e6f513db2fb7e337df6485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The combination of domain-specific modeling languages and model-driven engineering techniques hold the promise of a breakthrough in the way applications are developed. By raising the level of abstraction and specializing in building blocks that are familiar in a particular domain, it has the potential to turn domain experts into application developers. Applications are developed as models, which in turn are interpreted at runtime by a specialized execution engine in order to produce the intended behavior. In this approach models are processed by domain-specific execution engines that embed knowledge about how to execute the models. This approach has been successfully applied in different domains, such as communication and smart grid management to execute applications described by models that can be created and changed at runtime. However, each time the approach has to be realized in a different domain, substantial re-implementation has to take place in order to put together an execution engine for the respective DSML. In this work, we present a generalization of the approach in the form of a metamodel that captures the domain-independent aspects of runtime model interpretation and allow the definition of a particular class of domain-specific execution engines which provide a highlevel service upon an underlying set of heterogenous set of resources. / Abordagens de engenharia de software dirigida por modelos propõem o uso de modelos como uma forma de lidar com a crescente complexidade das aplicações atuais. Por meio de linguagens de modelagem específicas de domínio, essas abordagens visam elevar o nível de abstração utilizado na engenharia de software, possibilitando que usuários que conheçam o domínio de negócio sejam capazes de construir aplicações. As aplicações são definidas como modelos que são então processados de forma automatizada por mecanismos capazes de executá-los. Essa abordagem tem sido aplicada em domínios como comunicação e redes elétricas inteligentes para possibilitar a construção de aplicações por meio de modelos que podem ser criados e modificados em tempo de execução. Nessa abordagem, modelos são processados por máquinas de execução específicas de domínio, que encapsulam o conhecimento necessário para executá-los. No entanto, a aplicação dessa mesma abordagem em outros domínios exige que novas máquinas de execução sejam implementadas por completo, o que exige um grande esforço de implementação. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma abordagem dirigida por modelos para a construção dessas máquinas de execução de modelos. Essa abordagem propõe um metamodelo que captura os aspectos independentes de domínio de uma classe particular de máquinas de execução de modelos, os quais descrevem aplicações baseadas no provimento de serviços a partir de um conjunto heterogêneo de recursos. A partir do metamodelo proposto, podem ser construídos modelos que definem máquinas de execução para domínios específicos, as quais são capazes de executar modelos descritos na linguagem de modelagem específica do domínio em questão.

Les techniques dynamiques de vérification et validation (V&V) de modèles sont nécessaires pour assurer la qualité des modèles exécutables. La plupart de ces techniques reposent sur la concept de trace d'exécution, une séquence contenant un ensemble d'informations sur une exécution. Par conséquent, pour permettre la V&V dynamique de modèles exécutables conformes à n'importe quel langage de modélisation dédié exécutable (LMDx), il est crucial de fournir des outils pour construire et manipuler toutes sortes de traces d'exécution. À cet effet, nous proposons d'abord une approche de clonage efficace de modèles afin de pouvoir construire des traces d'exécution génériques à base de clones. À l'aide d'un générateur aléatoire de métamodèles, nous montrons que cette approche passe à l'échelle avec seulement un léger surcoût lors de la manipulation de clones. Nous présentons ensuite une approche générative pour définir des métamodèles dédiés et multidimensionnels pour représenter des traces d'exécution, qui consiste à créer la structure de données spécifique aux traces d'exécution d'un LMDx donné. Ainsi, les traces d'exécution de modèles conformes à ce LMDx peuvent être capturées et manipulées efficacement de manière dédiée et à l'aide de différentes dimensions. Nous appliquons cette approche à deux techniques de V&V dynamiques existantes, à savoir la différentiation sémantique et le débogage omniscient. Nous montrons qu'un tel métamodèle de traces d'exécution généré fournit une bonne facilité d'usage et un bon passage à l'échelle pour la V&V dynamique au plus tôt pour n'importe quel LMDx. Nous avons intégré notre travail au sein du GEMOC Studio, un environnement de définition de langages et de modélisation issu de l'initiative internationale du même nom. / Dynamic verification and validation (V&V) techniques are required to ensure the correctness of executable models. Most of these techniques rely on the concept of execution trace, which is a sequence containing information about an execution. Therefore, to enable dynamic V&V of executable models conforming to any executable domain-specific modeling language (xDSML), it is crucial to provide efficient facilities to construct and manipulate all kinds of execution traces. To that effect, we first propose a scalable model cloning approach to conveniently construct generic execution traces using model clones. Using a random metamodel generator, we show that this approach is scalable in memory with little manipulation overhead. We then present a generative approach to define multidimensional and domain-specific execution trace metamodels, which consists in creating the execution trace data structure specific to an xDSML. Thereby, execution traces of models conforming to this xDSML can be efficiently captured and manipulated in a domain-specific way. We apply this approach to two existing dynamic V&V techniques, namely semantic differencing and omniscient debugging. We show that such a generated execution trace metamodel provides good usability and scalability for dynamic early V&V support for any xDSML. Our work have been implemented and integrated within the GEMOC Studio, which is a language and modeling workbench resulting from the eponym international initiative.

Le génie logiciel a pour but de créer des outils logiciels qui permettent de résoudre des problèmes particuliers d’une façon facile et efficace. À cet égard, l’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles (IDM), facilite la création d’outils logiciels, en modélisant et transformant systématiquement des modèles. À cette fin, l’IDM s’appuie sur des workbenches de langage : des environnements de développement intégré (IDE) pour modéliser des langages, concevoir des modèles, les exécuter et les vérifier. Mais l’utilisation des outils est loin d’être efficace. Les activités de l’IDM typiques, telles que la création d’un langage de domaine dédié ou créer une transformation de modèles, sont des activités complexes qui exigent des opérations souvent répétitives. Par conséquent, le temps de développement augmentate inutilement. Le but de ce mémoire est de proposer une approche qui augmente la productivité des modélisateurs dans leurs activités quotidiennes en automatisant le plus possible les tâches à faire dans les outils IDM. Je propose une solution utilisant l’IDM où l’utilisateur définit un flux de travail qui peut être paramétré lors de l’exécution. Cette solution est implémentée dans un IDE pour la modélisation graphique. À l’aide de deux évaluations empiriques, je montre que la productivité des utilisateurs est augmentée et amééliorée. / Software engineering aims to create software tools that allow people to solve particular problems in an easy and efficient way. In this regard, Model-driven engineering (MDE) enables to generate software tools, by systematically modeling and transforming models. In order to do this, MDE relies on language workbenches: Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for engineering modeling languages, designing models executing them and verifying them. However, the usability of these tools is far from efficient. Common MDE activities, such as creating a domain-specific language or developing a model transformation, are nontrivial and often require repetitive tasks. This results in unnecessary risings of development time. The goal of this thesis is to increase the productivity of modelers in their daily activities by automating the tasks performed in current MDE tools. I propose an MDE-based solution where the user defines a reusable workflow that can be parameterized at run-time and executed. This solution is implemented in an IDE for graphical modeling. I also performed two empirical evaluations in which the users’ productivity is improved.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Domain-specific models powered using domain-specific modeling languages are traditionally created manually by modelers. There exist model intelligence techniques, such as constraint solvers and model guidance, which alleviate challenges associated with manually creating models, however parts of the modeling process are still manual. Moreover, state-of-the-art model intelligence techniques are---in essence---reactive (i.e., invoked by the modeler). This thesis therefore provides two contributions to model-driven engineering research using domain-specific modeling language (DSML). First, it discusses how DSML semantic and constraint can enable proactive modeling, which is a form of model intelligence that foresees model transformations, automatically executes these model transformations, and prompts the modeler for assistance when necessary. Secondly, this thesis shows how we integrated proactive modeling into the Generic Modeling environment (GME). Our experience using proactive modeling shows that it can reduce modeling effort by both automatically generating required model elements, and by guiding modelers to select what actions should be executed on the model.

One important phase in software development process is to create a design model of the system which follows all the architectural rules. Often the architectural rules are defined by the system architect and the system model is designed by the system designer. The architect defines the rules in a text file where no standard or pattern is followed. Therefore, there is always the risk of violating the architectural rules by the designer. So manual reviews on the system model should be done by the architect to ensure the system model is valid.In order to remove this manual checking which can be erroneous and time consuming ArCon (Architecture Conformance Checker) was developed by Combitech AB. ArCon is a tool which lets the architect define the architectural rules in the format of UML (Unified Modeling Language) models where the elements of the model have different meaning than the standard UML. ArCon can read this model and extract architectural rules from it and check the system model against those rules and then print all the rule violations.ArCon is an open source tool i.e. free for everyone to download and use. Currently, it supports Papyrus as the UML modeling tool. Papyrus is integrated to Eclipse platform and is a general purpose modeling tool. It supports users with all types of UML diagrams and elements.The idea for this thesis work was to implement a new feature for ArCon in order to facilitate the design process for system designers. The feature should provide the system designers only those types of elements which they are permitted to add to a specific fraction of the system model. The list of permitted element types should be extracted from the architecture model where all the architectural rules are defined in advance. This new support in ArCon was named Domain Specific Modeling (DSM) support.To evaluate the effect of DSM support on the system designers performance a few test sessions, called usability tests, were performed. The participants in the test sessions were a representative sample of software designers. After analyzing the data collected from the test sessions, the pros and cons of the new support were discovered. Furthermore, a few new ideas for enhancing DSM support were generated.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’ouverture des EIAH (EnvironnementsInformatiques pour l'Apprentissage Humain), pour répondre à leur faible déploiement dansles établissements de formation, en facilitant leur appropriation par des usagers. Notre travailde recherche s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet REDiM (Réingénierie des EIAH Dirigée par lesModèles) mené au LIUM (Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'Université du Maine), dont un desobjectifs est d’intégrer les enseignants dans le processus de conception des scénariospédagogiques d’un EIAH.Nous proposons une approche d’ingénierie et de réingénierie pour rendre un EIAH ouvertà la conception et à l’adaptation de ses scénarios pédagogiques par les enseignantsutilisateurs. Nous avons défini un processus de conception basé sur la modélisationde scénarios pédagogiques ouverts (SPO), qui permet l’instrumentation des enseignantspour les aider dans la conception continue (i.e. qui se poursuit dans l’usage) d’une activitéd’apprentissage. Nous faisons trois propositions scientifiques :- Un modèle de représentation des SPO, qui permet de les structurer en variantes enfonction des contextes d’exécution. Nous qualifions ce modèle de rationnel puisqu’il s’appuieprincipalement sur l’approche du Design Rationale que nous avons adaptée à notreproblématique.- Un processus itératif et incrémental d’ingénierie et de réingénierie qui guide lesenseignants pour concevoir et adapter des SPO conformes au modèle que nous avonsdéfini.- Une méthode dirigée par les modèles et spécifique au domaine métier pour instrumenterle processus d’ouverture des scénarios pédagogiques d’un EIAH existant. Cette méthoded’instrumentation, reposant sur l’IDM (Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles) et le DSM(Domain-Specific Modeling), implique les enseignants utilisateurs de l’EIAH, considérés icicomme des experts du domaine. Elle est structurée en plusieurs phases qui amènentprogressivement à définir, de façon spécifique à l’EIAH considéré, un langage d’expressiondes SPO (ADSGEML - Adaptive Domain-Specific Graphical Educational ModelingLanguage) et un éditeur associé permettant la conception et l’adaptation des SPO dansl’univers métier de l’EIAH.Afin d’évaluer et de raffiner nos propositions, nous les avons appliquées sur l’EIAH«Hop3x», préalablement conçu au LIUM dans le cadre d’un autre projet pour pratiquer laprogrammation orientée objet. Nous avons donc élaboré un ADSGEML et un environnementd’édition graphique pour permettre aux enseignants de concevoir et d’adapterdynamiquement des sessions ouvertes de Hop3x, à un niveau élevé d’abstraction. / In this thesis, we are interested in opening TEL systems (Technology EnhancedLearning) up in order to respond to the problem of their low deployment in teachinginstitutions, we need to facilitate their adoption by users. Our research work is part ofthe REDiM (French abbreviation which means “Model-Driven Re-engineering of TELsystems”) project led by the LIUM Computer Science Laboratory of Le MansUniversity in France. One of the main objectives of this project is to involve teachersin the design process of learning scenarios of a TEL system.We propose an engineering and re-engineering approach for opening TEL systemsin order to facilitate for teachers the design and adaptation of pedagogical scenarios.We defined a design process based on the modeling of Open Pedagogical Scenarios(OPS), which allows the building of supports helping teachers in the continuousdesign of a learning activity (i.e. design which continues in the use process). Wemake three scientific proposals:- A model of OPS representation which defines a structure based on variantsaccording to execution contexts. We consider this model to be “rational” because it isbased mainly on the Design Rationale approach that we have adapted for ourresearch problem.- An iterative and incremental engineering and re-engineering process that guidesteachers to design and adapt OPS according to the rational model that we define inthis work.- A model-driven and domain-specific method for supporting the process of openingpedagogical scenarios of a legacy TEL system. This method, based on the MDE(Model-Driven Engineering) and DSM (Domain-Specific Modelling), involves teachersusing the TEL system, as they are considered to be domain experts. Our method isdivided into several phases that lead progressively to define the TEL system’sADSGEML (Adaptive Educational Graphical Domain-Specific Modelling Language)and an associate editor allowing the design and adaptation of OPS in the businessfield of the TEL system to open for teachers.To evaluate and refine our proposals, we have applied them on the TEL system"Hop3x" which was designed at LIUM under another project for practicing objectorientedprogramming. We therefore developed an ADSGEML and a graphicalediting environment to enable teachers to design and adapt dynamically the openHop3x’s learning sessions at a high level of abstraction.

Esta tese apresenta um processo para a criação de um catálogo de modelos de computação para apoiar o design de DSMLs, e a primeira versão do catálogo, com atributos que ajudam a selecionar os modelos de computação mais adequados para cada desenvolvimento de DSML, e as características dos sistemas de software para os quais esses modelos de computação são mais adequados. O contexto de aplicação desse catálogo é o Model-Driven Development (MDD desenvolvimento dirigido por modelos) a abordagem em que o desenvolvimento de software é baseado em modelos gráficos que são posteriormente traduzidos (transformados) em modelos de nível mais baixo e, no final, em código de linguagens de programação, tais como Java ou C#. A aplicação do processo gerou uma versão inicial do catálogo com os seguintes modelos de computação: diagramas BPMN, diagramas de classe da UML e regras de negócio. Visa-se contribuir para popularizar a abordagem de MDD com base em DSMLs e, em particular, a elaboração do design das DSMLs a partir de modelos de domínio, para o que o uso do catálogo efetivamente contribui. / This thesis presents a process for the creation of a catalog of models of computation to support the design of Domain-Specific Modeling Languages (DSMLs), and the first version of the catalog, which comprises attributes that aim to help the selection of the most suitable models of computation for each DSML development, and characteristics of software systems for which these models of computation are more appropriate. The context for the use of the catalog is the Model-Driven Development (MDD) - the approach where software development is based on graphical models that are subsequently translated (transformed) into lower-level models and, in the end, in source code in programming languages, such as Java or C #. The process was applied to generate an initial version of the catalog with the following models of computation: BPMN diagrams, UML class diagrams and business rules. It aims to contribute to popularize the MDD approach based in DSMLs, and in particular, the development of the DSMLs design from domain models, for which the use of the catalog effectively contributes.