The occurrence of tick-borne pathogens in dogs on communal land in Botswana was studied using Reverse Line Blot (RLB). Eighty blood samples were collected from dogs that underwent a spay and neuter program in Maun, Botswana. These were sent to the Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, and were stored at the Molecular Laboratory. DNA was extracted from the samples followed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and the RLB. Six samples were found to be positive for Ehrlichia canis. Two of the samples were positive for a concurrent infection of E. canis and Ehrlichia ruminantium. There was one sample that was positive for the non-pathogenic Ehrlichia sp. Omatjenne. Although six samples were positive for the Babesia/Theileria catch-all probe, none hybridised with any of the species-specific probes. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

Studies comparing canine distemper virus (CDV) strains from Africa with that of previously described lineages have been hampered due to a lack of field strains for in vitro experiments. There are no reports of CDV isolations in southern Africa, and although CDV is said to have geographically distinct lineages, molecular information of African strains has not yet been documented. Clinical specimens consisting of whole blood, spleen, lungs, brain and cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with clinical signs suggestive of distemper were obtained from private veterinary practices and diagnostic laboratories in Gauteng province, South Africa. One hundred and sixty two specimens from 124 dogs were inoculated into Vero cells expressing canine signalling lymphocyte activation molecule (Vero.DogSLAM). Cytopathic effects (CPE) in the form of syncytia formation and cell necrosis were observed in 33 (20.4%) specimens within 24 hours of inoculation and the presence of CDV was confirmed with the aid of the direct fluorescent antibody test and electronmicroscopy (EM). Viruses isolated in cell cultures were subjected to reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the complete H gene was sequenced and phylogenetically analysed with other strains from GenBank. The animals all displayed the catarrhal, systemic, or nervous signs of the disease. Four of the dogs positive for CDV by viral isolation had a history of prior vaccinations to canine distemper. Seventy three percent of all positive dogs were less than 12 months old. There was no breed or sex predisposition to CDV infection in domestic dogs. Phylogenetic comparisons of the complete H gene of CDV isolates from different parts of the world (available in GenBank) with wild-type South African isolates revealed nine clades. All South African isolates form a separate African clade of their own and thus are clearly separated from the American, European, Asian, Arctic and vaccine virus clades. It is likely that only the ‘African lineage’ of CDV may be circulating in South Africa currently, and the viruses isolated from dogs vaccinated against CDV are not the result of reversion to virulence of vaccine strains, but infection with wild-type strains. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

No description available.

The higher proximity among humans, domestic animals and wildlife favours disease spill-over both from wildlife to domestic animals and vice versa, which is a potential risk for the extinction of wildlife populations and could be influencing the emergence and/or re-emergence of zoonotic diseases. The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is the most abundant and widely distributed carnivore worldwide and is known to be carrying many infectious diseases. Among these diseases, domestic dogs are known to be source of canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and Echinococcus granulosus to wild carnivores and human being. Populations of domestic dogs inhabiting urban areas can be the source of infection of directly transmitted pathogens, since in these areas a high density of domestic dogs can facilitate the maintenance of these infections to both domestic and wild carnivore populations. In addition, the knowledge of the diseases present in the domestic dog populations in close proximity to wildlife is essential for conservation planning and for control of both zoonotic diseases and diseases of conservation concern. This thesis explores the effect of urbanization on the epidemiology of CDV, CPV, and E granulosus in domestic dogs and wild carnivores of the Coquimbo region of Chile as for example, chilla (L. griseus) and culpeo (L. culpaeus) foxes and assess the risk factors that could be facilitate disease transmission between canid inhabiting urban and rural areas. The first of the chapters containing original data, Chapter 3, describe the demography of dogs in the study area, indicating that urban sites have a greater population and a higher density of domestic dogs, a high growth rate and therefore a high turnover of susceptible than rural areas, which can be of relevance for the differences in diseases transmission patterns between these sites. Chapter 4 describe the degree of interaction between wild and domestic carnivores and its effect on interespecific disease transmission; indicating that in the study area there are many opportunities for domestic/wild carnivores interactions, as for example livestock predation by carnivores, by approaching to peridomestic environments, facilitating in this scenario the transmission of CDV, CPV and also E. granulosus by predating on livestock contaminated with cyst echinococcosis. Chapter 5 indicate that urban areas hold domestic dog populations with higher CDV seroprevalence than rural sites and probably these areas are the source of infection to rural sites. In contrast, a more stable CPV seroprevalence was found between urban and rural areas, indicating that possibly this pathogen follow an endemic state across the study area. Chapter 6 describe the factors for E. granulosus prevalence in domestic dogs, livestock and human being, suggesting that more cases of E. granulosus in livestock and in humans are found in provinces of the Coquimbo region with higher percentage of rural population; however, and unexpectedly, more cases of E. granulosus in domestic dogs were found in urban areas, although analysis of risk factors indicated that those domestic dogs inhabiting in the borders of urban areas, were at greater risk of being infected with E. granulosus than those in the centre of these areas. The results of this study exemplify how three pathogens are found in urban areas which can be source of infection to domestic and wild carnivores in the study area.

A conservação dos animais selvagens de vida livre é ameaçada pela fragmentação de habitat, caça, diminuição de presas e, em menor escala pela ocorrência de doenças infecciosas. Reconhecendo a importância das doenças para a conservação, e considerando que o crescimento da população humana no entorno de áreas protegidas propicia o aumento do contato de animais domésticos e selvagens, o presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar a exposição de carnívoros selvagens de vida livre e cães domésticos da região do Parque Nacional das Emas (PNE), Goiás à cinomose, parvovirose, brucelose e brucelose canina. Entre as espécies de carnívoros selvagens amostradas estão o lobo-guará, cachorro-do-mato, raposinha-do-campo, onça-parda, jaguatirica, gato-palheiro, gatomourisco, jaratataca e quati. Foram realizados os testes de soroneutralização, inibição de hemaglutinação, imunodifusão em gel ágar e PCR, para cinomose, parvovirose, brucelose canina e brucelose, respectivamente. Lobos-guará (12,7%, n=9), cachorros-do-mato (11,6%, n=7), jaguatiricas (18,2%, n=2) e cães domésticos (71,4%, n=25) foram expostos à cinomose. Todas as espécies de carnívoros selvagens amostradas, com exceção do quati, sendo 40,4% (n=65) dos indivíduos, e 37,1% (n=13) dos cães domésticos foram expostos à parvovirose. Apenas o lobo-guará (1,67%, n=2) foi exposto à brucelose canina e a raposinha-do-campo à Brucella spp. (1,47%, n=1). Este é o primeiro relato da exposição de gato-palheiro, gatomourisco e jaratataca ao parvovírus, e de lobo-guará à Brucella canis. A cinomose e a parvovirose merecem atenção no PNE pela possibilidade de envolvimento de cães domésticos na sua transmissão, embora não possa ser comprovada no presente estudo. A brucelose, no momento, parece não ser uma ameaça sanitária para as populações de carnívoros do PNE. / The conservation of free ranging wildlife is threatened by habitat fragmentation, hunting, decrease of prey and, to a lesser extent by the occurrence of infectious diseases. Recognizing the diseases importance for conservation, and considering that the increase of human population around protected areas provides increased contact with domestic and wild animals, the present study aimed to investigate the exposure of free ranging wild carnivores and domestic dogs in the region of Emas National Park (ENP), Goiás, Brazil for canine distemper virus (CDV), parvovirus, brucellosis and canine brucellosis. Among the species of wild carnivores sampled are the maned wolf, crab-eating fox, hoary fox, puma, ocelot, pampas cat, jaguarondi, skunk and coati. The tests performed for CDV, parvovirus, canine brucellosis and brucellosis tests were the serum neutralization test, hemagglutination inhibition, agar gel immunodiffusion and PCR, respectively. Maned wolves (12.7%, n = 9), crab-eating foxes (11.6%, n = 7), ocelots (18.2%, n = 2) and domestic dogs (71.4%, n = 25) were exposed to CDV. All species of wild carnivores sampled, except coatis, being 40.4% (n = 65) of individuals, and 37.1% (n = 13) of domestic dogs were exposed to parvovirus. Only maned wolves (1.67%, n = 2) were exposed to canine brucellosis and hoary fox to Brucella spp. (1.47%, n = 1). This is the first report of pampas cat, jaguarondi and skunk exposure to parvovirus, and of maned wolf to Brucella canis. CDV and parvovirus deserve attention in ENP by the possibility of involvement of domestic dogs in its transmission, although it can not be proven in this study. At the moment, brucellosis doesn\'t seem to be a sanitary threat for carnivores population at ENP.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-02-14T18:58:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Aline Tonussi da Silva.pdf: 2072458 bytes, checksum: 143dab8a0068b4bd1a643fe48f82873c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-14T18:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Aline Tonussi da Silva.pdf: 2072458 bytes, checksum: 143dab8a0068b4bd1a643fe48f82873c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / CAPES / The hemotropic hemoparasites mycoplasmas are gram-negative bacteria, which must attach to the wall of erythrocytes, causing deformation in the membrane of the infected erythrocytes. The goal of this study was to detect molecularly hemoplasmas infection in sheltered dogs in Metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, linking it to hematological, biochemical and clinical data changes. Of 222 dogs sampled, 20,27% (45/222) were positive by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Real Time (qPCR) for Mycoplasma spp.. The frequency of hemoplasma species infection by PCR using species-specific oligonucleotides, was 13,06% (29/222), 0% (0/222) and 2,25% (5/222) respectively for M. haemocanis (Mhc), ?Candidatus M. turicensis? (Cmt) and ?Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum / haemominutum? (Cmhp / m). There for e M. haemocanis presented the highest incidence in the dogs population studied. Coinfections were identified between Cmhp/m and Mhc 1,35% (3/222). Regarding hematological alterations associated with infection by Mycoplasma spp., hyperproteinemia on plasma was detected (p = 0,0010). It was not observed an association between hemoplasmas infection and the occurrence of anemia and leukocyte changes. Changes in serum biochemistry showed a significant difference in serum protein (p = 0,0291), globulin (p = 0,0253), creatinine (p = 0,0279) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0,0242). Additionally the azotemia was statistically (p = 0,0023) associated with the infection. The results obtained in the evaluation of Mhc positive dogs demonstrated no significant difference in plasma total protein (p = 0,0012) and hyperproteinaemia was associated with infection (p = 0,0238). There were significant differences in alkaline phosphatase parameter (p = 0,0173) and urea (p = 0,0401), with azotemia is associated shall infection (p = 0,0061). The results observed in the evaluation of positive dogs for (Cmhp / m) show that ALT (alanine aminotransferase) was associated with infection (p = 0,0301). As for factors associated with infection by Mycoplasma spp., only gender (p = 0,0062) and age (p = 0,0041) were associated with infec??o.N?o are statistically associated with the historical agent of fights, access to street, castration, history fleas, ticks history, presence of fleas and ticks. The frequency of the main findings of anamanse and clinical examination of the dogs positive for Mycoplasma spp . were lymphadenopathy (37,8% ) , skin lesions compatible with scabies ( 28,9%) , TPC > 2 ( 31,1% ) , oral affections ( 15,5%) of hist?rico ehrlichiosis ( 13,3%) . Consequently, knowledge of the disease and the factors related to their occurrence are necessary for the adoption of preventive measures aimed at animal health. / Os hemoparasitos micoplasmas hemotr?ficos s?o bact?rias gram-negativas, que se fixam obrigatoriamente na superf?cie dos eritr?citos, levando a deforma??o desta. O objetivo do presente estudo foi detectar molecularmente a infec??o por hemoplasmas em c?es de abrigos da Regi?o Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, associando-a aos dados hematol?gicos, bioqu?micos e altera??es cl?nicas. Dos 222 c?es amostrados, 20,27% (45/222) foram positivos pela Rea??o em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real (qPCR) para Mycoplasma spp.. A frequ?ncia de infec??o das esp?cies de hemoplasma pela PCR, utilizando oligonucleot?deos esp?cie-espec?ficos, foi 13,06% (29/222), 0% (0/222) e 2,25% (5/222), respectivamente para M. haemocanis (Mhc), ?Candidatus M. turicensis (CMt) e ?Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum/ haemominutum? (CMhp/m). M. haemocanis constitui, portanto, a esp?cie de maior ocorr?ncia na popula??o de c?es estudada. Foram identificadas coinfec??es entre CMhp/m e Mhc em 1,35% (3/222) dos c?es. No tocante ?s altera??es hematol?gicas associadas ? infec??o por Mycoplasma spp., constatou-se hiperproteinemia plasm?tica refratom?trica (p=0,0010). N?o foi observada associa??o entre a infec??o por hemoplasmas e a ocorr?ncia de anemia ou altera??es leucocit?rias. Nas altera??es da bioqu?mica sangu?nea, evidenciou-se diferen?a significativa na prote?na s?rica (p=0,0291), globulina (p=0,0253), creatinina (p=0,0279), fosfatase alcalina (p=0,0242). Adicionalmente, a azotemia foi estatisticamente (p=0,0023) associada ? infec??o. Os resultados observados na avalia??o de c?es positivos para Mhc demonstram haver diferen?a significativa na prote?na plasm?tica total (p=0,0012) e hiperproteinemia foi associada ? infec??o (p=0,0238). Houve diferen?a significativa no par?metro fosfatase alcalina (p=0,0173) e ur?ia (p=0,0401), com a azotemia sendo associada ? infec??o (p=0,0061). Os resultados observados na avalia??o de c?es positivos para CMhp/hm demonstram que a ALT (alanina aminotransferase) foi associada ? infec??o (p=0,0301). Quanto aos fatores associados ? infec??o por Mycoplasma spp., apenas g?nero (p=0,0062) e idade (p=0,0041) foram associadas ? infec??o. N?o apresentaram associa??o estat?stica com o agente hist?rico de brigas, acesso a rua, castra??o, hist?rico de pulgas, hist?rico de carrapatos, presen?a de pulgas e presen?a de carrapatos. A frequ?ncia dos principais achados de anamanse e exame cl?nico dos c?es positivos para Mycoplasma spp. foram a linfadenopatia (37,8%), les?es de pele compat?veis com sarna (28,9%), TPC >2 (31,1%), afec??es bucais (15,5%) e hist?rico de erlichiose (13,3%). Consequentemente, o conhecimento da doen?a bem como dos fatores relacionados ? sua ocorr?ncia s?o necess?rios para a ado??o de medidas preventivas visando ? sa?de animal.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-04T18:07:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Camila Fl?via Magalh?es Botelho.pdf: 1531668 bytes, checksum: b445ba2353dc7515e478a8e151b24d75 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T18:07:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Camila Fl?via Magalh?es Botelho.pdf: 1531668 bytes, checksum: b445ba2353dc7515e478a8e151b24d75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / CAPES / Hemotrophic mycoplasmas hemoparasites are pleomorphic, epicellular, gram negative organisms that are located on the surface of erythrocytes of several species. In dogs, hemoplasma infection can cause hemolytic anemia in the acute phase, while in the chronic phase the signs are generally inapparent, and immunosuppression can trigger the acute disease. The present study aimed to detect molecularly the presence of hemotrophic mycoplasma agents in domestic dogs from the urban and rural areas of Aragua?na, Tocantins and, in addition, to correlate hematological alterations and factors associated with natural infection. In the analysis of the results, 2.9% (3/105) of the dogs sampled from the urban area and 24.49% (24/99) from the rural area were positive for Mycoplasma spp. by the Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The frequency of hemoplasmas species infection by PCR using species-specific oligonucleotides was 1.9% (2/105) and 13.26% (13/99) for Mycoplasma haemocanis in the urban and rural areas, respectively. No positive dogs were observed for ?Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis? and ?Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum?/?Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum? in both areas studied. Regarding hematological alterations, there was no statistical association with the infection by Mycoplasma spp. Similarly, among the analyzed variables (age, gender, racial pattern, site cleanliness and housing), no statistical correlation was observed in either urban or rural areas. This is the first report of the molecular detection of Mycoplasma haemocanis in dogs from Tocantins and opens up prospects for future studies in this group of hemotrophic agents. / Os hemoparasitos micoplasmas hemotr?ficos s?o organismos pleom?rficos, epicelulares, Gram negativos, que se localizam na superf?cie dos eritr?citos de diversas esp?cies. Em c?es, a infec??o pelos hemoplasmas pode causar anemia hemol?tica na fase aguda, enquanto na doen?a cr?nica os sinais em geral s?o inaparentes, sendo que a imunossupress?o pode desencadear a doen?a aguda. O presente estudo objetivou detectar molecularmente a presen?a de infec??o pelos agentes micoplasmas hemotr?ficos em c?es dom?sticos procedentes de ?reas urbana e rural de Aragua?na, Tocantins e, adicionalmente correlacionar as altera??es hematol?gicas e fatores associados com a infec??o natural. Na an?lise dos resultados obtidos, 2,9% (3/105) dos c?es amostrados da ?rea urbana e 24,49% (24/99) da ?rea rural foram positivos pela Rea??o em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real (qPCR) para Mycoplasma spp. A frequ?ncia de infec??o das esp?cies de hemoplasmas pela PCR, utilizando oligonucleot?deos esp?cie-espec?ficos, foi de 1,9 % (2/105) e 13,26% (13/99) para Mycoplasma haemocanis na ?rea urbana e rural, respectivamente. N?o foram observados c?es positivos para ?Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis? e ?Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum?/?Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum? em ambas as ?reas estudadas. No tocante ?s altera??es hematol?gicas, n?o houve associa??o estat?stica com a infec??o por Mycoplasma spp. De modo semelhante, dentre as vari?veis analisadas (idade, sexo, padr?o racial, limpeza do local e moradia) n?o foi verificada qualquer correla??o estat?stica com a infec??o pelo agente Mycoplasma spp., seja na ?rea urbana ou na rural. Esta constitui a primeira detec??o molecular de Mycoplasma haemocanis em c?es do Tocantins e abre perspectivas para futuros estudos neste grupo de agentes hemotr?ficos.

A conservação dos animais selvagens de vida livre é ameaçada pela fragmentação de habitat, caça, diminuição de presas e, em menor escala pela ocorrência de doenças infecciosas. Reconhecendo a importância das doenças para a conservação, e considerando que o crescimento da população humana no entorno de áreas protegidas propicia o aumento do contato de animais domésticos e selvagens, o presente estudo teve como objetivo pesquisar a exposição de carnívoros selvagens de vida livre e cães domésticos da região do Parque Nacional das Emas (PNE), Goiás à cinomose, parvovirose, brucelose e brucelose canina. Entre as espécies de carnívoros selvagens amostradas estão o lobo-guará, cachorro-do-mato, raposinha-do-campo, onça-parda, jaguatirica, gato-palheiro, gatomourisco, jaratataca e quati. Foram realizados os testes de soroneutralização, inibição de hemaglutinação, imunodifusão em gel ágar e PCR, para cinomose, parvovirose, brucelose canina e brucelose, respectivamente. Lobos-guará (12,7%, n=9), cachorros-do-mato (11,6%, n=7), jaguatiricas (18,2%, n=2) e cães domésticos (71,4%, n=25) foram expostos à cinomose. Todas as espécies de carnívoros selvagens amostradas, com exceção do quati, sendo 40,4% (n=65) dos indivíduos, e 37,1% (n=13) dos cães domésticos foram expostos à parvovirose. Apenas o lobo-guará (1,67%, n=2) foi exposto à brucelose canina e a raposinha-do-campo à Brucella spp. (1,47%, n=1). Este é o primeiro relato da exposição de gato-palheiro, gatomourisco e jaratataca ao parvovírus, e de lobo-guará à Brucella canis. A cinomose e a parvovirose merecem atenção no PNE pela possibilidade de envolvimento de cães domésticos na sua transmissão, embora não possa ser comprovada no presente estudo. A brucelose, no momento, parece não ser uma ameaça sanitária para as populações de carnívoros do PNE. / The conservation of free ranging wildlife is threatened by habitat fragmentation, hunting, decrease of prey and, to a lesser extent by the occurrence of infectious diseases. Recognizing the diseases importance for conservation, and considering that the increase of human population around protected areas provides increased contact with domestic and wild animals, the present study aimed to investigate the exposure of free ranging wild carnivores and domestic dogs in the region of Emas National Park (ENP), Goiás, Brazil for canine distemper virus (CDV), parvovirus, brucellosis and canine brucellosis. Among the species of wild carnivores sampled are the maned wolf, crab-eating fox, hoary fox, puma, ocelot, pampas cat, jaguarondi, skunk and coati. The tests performed for CDV, parvovirus, canine brucellosis and brucellosis tests were the serum neutralization test, hemagglutination inhibition, agar gel immunodiffusion and PCR, respectively. Maned wolves (12.7%, n = 9), crab-eating foxes (11.6%, n = 7), ocelots (18.2%, n = 2) and domestic dogs (71.4%, n = 25) were exposed to CDV. All species of wild carnivores sampled, except coatis, being 40.4% (n = 65) of individuals, and 37.1% (n = 13) of domestic dogs were exposed to parvovirus. Only maned wolves (1.67%, n = 2) were exposed to canine brucellosis and hoary fox to Brucella spp. (1.47%, n = 1). This is the first report of pampas cat, jaguarondi and skunk exposure to parvovirus, and of maned wolf to Brucella canis. CDV and parvovirus deserve attention in ENP by the possibility of involvement of domestic dogs in its transmission, although it can not be proven in this study. At the moment, brucellosis doesn\'t seem to be a sanitary threat for carnivores population at ENP.

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), the aetiological agent of haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs emerged in 1978 worldwide. In the mid 1980’s, the original CPV-2 had evolved and was completely replaced by 2 variants, CPV 2a and 2b. In 2000, a new variant of CPV (CPV-2c) was detected in Italy and now circulates in other countries. Haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs is a major disease in South Africa and Nigeria. Both infection rates with CPV-2 and case fatality rates in young dogs are high. CPV-2 is a small, negative-sense, single-stranded DNA virus of 5.2kb long and a member of the Parvoviridae family, which also includes feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and mink enteritis virus (MEV). The CPV-2 genome is prone to mutations at the VP2-encoding region. As a result we investigated the genetic composition of the VP2 region in the CPV-2 genome using molecular methods (qPCR) to provide information for comparison of field and vaccine strains of the virus. The conventional PCR detection results yielded 137 (97.85%) of the total of 140 feacal samples screened with diarrhoea positive. One hundred-and-six of 108 samples from South Africa (98.15%) tested positive and two (1.85%) were negative, while 30 (96.77%) from 31 faecal samples from Nigeria were positive and 1 (2.23%) was negative. Results obtained from the genotyping of the CPV- 2 strains using CPV-2a/b and CPV-2b/c TaqMan assays employing minor groove binder (MGB) probes, revealed that out of a total of 106 South African samples, 100 (94.34%) were infected with CPV-2b and 6 (5.66%) with CPV-2a, while all the Nigerian samples [n=30 (100%)] contained only CPV2a. There was no reported case of CPV-2c. The VP2 gene of selected DNA samples (n=27), from South Africa (n=19), Nigeria (n=6) and multivalent vaccines (n=2) were amplified and sequenced. These sequences were originally aligned and edited to a total length of 1,750 bp of the CPV-2 VP2 encoding gene. These selected sequences showed 99% maximum identity to the GenBank sequences from the blast results (NCBI BLASThttp:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/) and alignment of all the sequences was performed using ClustalX. Two phylogenetic analyses showed most South African field isolates distant from viruses from other parts of the world. A few clustered with Asian and European strains, while Nigerian CPV-2 strains clustered with USA and some European isolates. The results of the protein analysis showed seven changes of amino acids at positions 265, 297, 324, 424, 426, 440 and 475 for most of the South Africans strains while the Nigerian CPV-2 had only one field isolate with an amino acid change. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Patricia Giupponi Cardoso.pdf: 1457957 bytes, checksum: 77491851c890766bcc83bde133994ac6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is a no contagious infectious illness caused by Leishmania protozoa genera affecting skin and mucous membranes basically being a zoonotic infection. The aim of this study was to cany out phlebotominic fauna survey in ACL human cases occurrence areas. For sandfly collection monthly systematic captures by Castro trap from 6 o clock p.m. to 10 o clock p.m. for 12 months were performed. The diptera were placed on 70% alcohol bottles and carried to Sergio Arouca Public Health National School Biological Sciences Department Vectors Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, where they have been clarified and identified, as well. For dogs serology, blood samples from invaded residences animals as well as from a neighbour one, by venous puncture were taken. After serum centrifugation and separation, samples were stored at 20?C till serological assays performance at FIOCRUZ Public Health Nation School Immunodiagnosis Laboratory. The following methods: Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFIR) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used. From October, 2004 to September, 2005, 2390 units from four species were captured. The predominant species was the Lutzomyia intermedia with 97.1% from total collected, followed by L. whitmani 1.6%, L.migonei 1.21% and L.oswaldoi 0.09 %. From 35 dogs serology: 60% (21) no reagent animals were reported, 22.9% just for ELISA, 2.9% for IFIR, and 14.2% (5) reagent animals for both techniques, definitely positive. No correlated evidences between serologies (IFIR+/ELISA+ and other results) in regard to animals residence (ill or neighbour) by Fisher statistical test were reported. It might be suggested that ACL transmission in Serop?dica County has basically been spread by Lutzomyia intermedia specie. The presence of reagent dogs unless suggestive injury may contribute for new ACL reports. / A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) ? uma doen?a infecciosa n?o contagiosa causada por protozo?rios do g?nero Leishmania que acomete a pele e mucosa, sendo primariamente uma infec??o zoon?tica. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar o levantamento da fauna flebotom?nica em ?reas com ocorr?ncia de casos humanos de LTA. Para coleta dos fleb?tomos foram realizadas capturas mensais sistem?ticas utilizando o capturador de Castro, no hor?rio das 18 ?s 22h, durante 12 meses. Os d?pteros foram colocados em frascos contendo ?lcool 70% e transportados para o laborat?rio de Vetores do Departamento de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas da Escola Nacional de Sa?de P?blica S?rgio Arouca, Funda??o Oswaldo Cruz, RJ, onde foram clarificados e identificados. Para sorologia dos c?es, amostras de sangue foram coletadas por venopun??o em animais residentes nos domic?lios acometidos e de c?es vizinhos. Ap?s centrifuga??o e separa??o do soro, as amostras foram conservadas a -20?C, at? o momento da realiza??o dos ensaios sorol?gicos no laborat?rio de Imudiagn?stico da ENSP, da FIOCRUZ. Empregaram-se os seguintes m?todos: Rea??o de Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta (RIFI) e o enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Foram capturados 2390 exemplares de flebotom?neos entre os meses de outubro de 2004 a setembro de 2005, pertencentes a quatro esp?cies. A esp?cie predominante foi a Lutzomyia intermedia com 97,1% do total coletado, seguida pela L. whitmani 1,6% , L.migonei 1,21% e L.oswaldoi 0,09 %. Da sorologia de 35 c?es: 60% (21) animais foram considerados n?o reativos; 22,9% reativos somente para ELISA; 2,9% somente RIFI e 14,2% (5) dos c?es reativos para as duas t?cnicas, conclusivamente positivos. N?o houve evid?ncias de associa??o entre sorologia (RIFI+/ELISA+ e outros resultados) com a propriedade do animal (paciente ou vizinho), segundo o teste exato de Fisher. Aparentemente a transmiss?o da LTA no munic?pio de Serop?dica esteja sendo veiculada pela L. intermedia. A presen?a de c?es reativos sem a exist?ncia de les?o sugestiva pode contribir para novos focos da LTA, funcionando como um animal em potencial para manuten??o da protozoose.