Pøedlo¾ená práce se zabývá dvìma pøístupy øe¹ení problému volby portfolia. Prvním jsou čmean-riskÿ modely, které minimalizují riziko pro pøedem zvolený výnos nebo maximalizují výnos pro pevnì stanovené riziko. Druhým je princip stochastické dominance, úzce související s teorií u¾itku. Cílem této diplomové práce je zkoumat vztah mezi mno¾inami e cientních portfolií, které jsou øe¹e- ním v obou pøístupech. Pro kvanti kaci rizika se kromì základních mìr jako jsou rozptyl, V aR nebo CV aR v práci uva¾ují i spektrální míry, zohledòující sub- jektivní postoj investora k riziku. Uká¾eme, za platnosti jakých podmínek jsou modely minimalizující spektrální míry konzistentní se stochastickou dominancí druhého øádu (SSD). Aplikujeme Kopa-Postùv test, který je jedním z více testù na SSD e cienci portfolia, na reálná data z americké burzy cenných papírù a SSD e cientní portfolia porovnáme s e cientními portfoliami získanými minimalizací CV aR-u uva¾ovaného na rùznych hladinách spolehlivosti. 1

Depuis le début des années 2000, le secteur social et médico-social connait des évolutions et des mutations importantes. D’un côté, le nombre de personnes prises en charge est en perpétuelle augmentation. D’un autre côté, les finances et les budgets mis à disposition des établissements ne cessent de se réduire, ce qui oblige les décideurs à s’adapter et à trouver de nouvelles solutions pour faire plus avec moins de moyens. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions un problème pratique auquel sont souvent confrontés les directeurs des établissements qui est l’élaboration de plans d’actions optimaux. Un plan d’actions est un ensemble d’actions qui sont mises en place afin d’améliorer à la fois les performances de l’établissement et la qualité de prise en charge de ses résidents.Élaborer un plan d’actions optimal consiste à identifier et choisir les meilleures actions qui améliorent tous les objectifs du plan tout en respectant quelques contraintes. Après la présentation du contexte pratique et théorique, nous fournissons une modélisation formelle du problème sous forme d’un problème de sac-à-dos multi-objectif.Puis nous présentons quelques méthodes de résolution à base d’indicateurs de qualité et de la dominance de Lorenz. Nous montrons que la méthode IBMOLS combinée avec l’indicateur de qualité R2 permet d’obtenir des solutions efficaces et d’intégrer facilement les préférences du décideur. Nous montrons également que dans un contexte où les préférences du décideur sont inconnues ou les objectifs ont tous la même importance, la dominance de Lorenz est un outil très efficace qui permet, d’un côté, d’intégrer l’équité dans le processus de recherche et, d’un autre côté, de réduire le nombre de solutions non dominées ainsi que le temps d’exécution. / Since the early 2000s, the social and medico-social sector is experiencing significant evolutions and mutations. On the one hand, the number of persons taken over is constantly increasing. On the other hand, the finances and budgets available to the structures are constantly decreasing. This forces decision-makers to adapt and find new solutions to do more with fewer resources. In this thesis, we study a practical problem that is often faced by the decision-makers, which is the elaboration of optimal action plans. An action plan is a set of actions that are realized to improve both the performance of the structure and the quality of service offred to its residents. Elaborating an optimal action plan consists of identifying and selecting the best actions that improve all the objectives of the plan while respecting some constraints. After presenting the practical and theoretical context, we provide a formal modeling of the problem as a multi-objective knapsack problem. Then, we present a number of solution methods based on quality indicators and Lorenz dominance. We show that combining IBMOLS method with R2 indicator allows obtaining efficient solutions and easily integrating the decision-maker preferences. We also show that in a context where decision-maker preferences are not known or all the objectives are considered equals, Lorenz dominance is a very efficient tool to incorporate equity into the search process and reduce the number of non-dominated solutions as well as the algorithm runtime.

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

La vie en groupe fascine les scientifiques depuis longtemps et la question des mécanismes en jeu permettant à un groupe social de rester cohésif est largement étudiée. Dans ce travail, je me suis intéressée à l’implication des relations sociales dans le maintien de la cohésion chez trois espèces de Cercopithecinae. Pourquoi certains individus occupent une place particulière au sein du réseau de relations sociales d’un groupe ? Ces individus ayant un statut social particulier ont-ils un rôle de ciment social ? D’après les résultats de ce travail, les relations de parenté, en relation avec le style social de l’espèce, semblent être le facteur prédominant sous-tendant l’accession des individus à un statut social élevé. De plus, les individus occupant une position sociale élevée jouent un rôle primordial dans la stabilité du groupe, et ont également une influence importante sur les décisions prises quotidiennement, leur conférant in fine un avantage en termes de survie et de reproduction. / The comprehension of the mechanisms allowing a social group to stay cohesive throughout their environment and across seasons is a fascinating question. In this work, I studied the implication of social relationships in maintaining group cohesion in three Cercopithecinae species. Why some individuals occupy specific positions within the social relationships network? Have these individuals a particular role in the stability of social groups? According to our results, kinship seems to be an important variable underlying the access to a high social status for group members, in respect with the social style displayed by the considered species. Moreover, Individuals occupying such high social positions play a crucial role for the group stability. They also have a great influence on decisions took on a daily basis by the group. This high social status is therefore advantageous for individuals in terms of survival and reproduction.

Les informations visuelles sont prépondérantes pour guider le comportement. Malgré une bonne connaissance du système visuel, un phénomène représentant une latéralisation de celui-ci, le phénomène de dominance oculaire (DO), reste mal compris et finalement peu étudié. Nos travaux de thèse ont permis de démontrer que cette DO exerce une large influence sur différentes étapes de la transformation des informations visuelles en mouvements manuels ou oculaires et que celle-ci s’exprime en interaction avec d’autres latéralisations du système nerveux telles que les latéralisations manuelle et des réseaux attentionnels. Nous montrons également son influence sur les processus de transfert d'information entre les deux hémisphères du cerveau. Enfin, nos travaux comportent des retombées cliniques directes : ils introduisent une méthode de quantification plus précise de la DO utilisable par les cliniciens pour une meilleure réussite de certaines techniques chirurgicales. En conclusion, nous montrons que la DO constitue un aspect important de la latéralisation du cerveau humain, relativement négligé jusqu’à présent. / Processing of visual information from the environment is preponderant for the successful performance of many motor behaviors. Despite a good knowledge of the visual system, a phenomenon corresponding to a lateralization of this system, called eye dominance (ED), remains not well understood and poorly studied. Our thesis demonstrated that ED has a widespread influence on different levels of the transformation of visual information into manual or ocular movements and interacts with other lateralizations of the central nervous system such as the manual and attentional networks. We also show the influence of ED on the process of information transfer between the two hemispheres of the brain. Finally, our work has direct clinical implications: it introduces a more accurate method of quantifying ED which is usable by clinicians for better success of some surgical techniques. In sum, we show that ED is an important aspect of the human brain lateralization which has been overlooked until now.

This study assessed how Constructivist theory accounts for verbal dominance. Conversations of rotating dyads were tape recorded, then coded for measures of dominance. Subjects completed a trait dominance scale and a constructivist personality test. Interpersonal rankings of dominance were found to be more consistent with observed behavior than trait dominance scores. Extreme trait dominance scores were associated with a constructivist measure indicating maladjustment. Dyads identified as more resistant to change were found to use fewer verbal control strategies; male/male dyads were characterized by direct, functional interactions. Dyads that were highly comfortable with one another utilized fewer verbal control methods. Lastly, interactions in which participants reported unfamiliar self-experiencing utilized higher levels of verbal control. Implications for group processing, assessment of dominance and sex differences are discussed.

Abstract Purpose: It is not clear as to whether sensory dominance is affected by test distance. Jiang et al previously reported that that the sensory dominant eyes may be affected by refractive error; however this study was done at a near distance only (60 cm). In this study, we investigated the effect of two different test distances (near, 60 cm vs distance, 6 meters) on the laterality of ocular dominance. Methods: Ocular sensory dominance was quantified in 60 subjects with a technique that involves the dichoptic presentation of a Mondrian noise and a Gabor patch. The threshold to detect the Gabor patch was measured in the presence of decreasing contrast in the Mondrian stimulus. Each eye was tested 50 times and thresholds from two eyes were compared with t-test. If the difference between the two eyes was significant, a subject was classified as having clear ocular sensory dominance and the eye that had lower thresholds was defined as the dominant one. If difference between the two eyes was not significant, a subject was classified as having unclear ocular sensory dominance. Ocular sensory dominance was measured at two different viewing distances, one for near at 60cm away and the other one for far at 6m away. Results: In 31 subjects (51.7 %), dominant eyes remained the same for near and distance viewing. In 15 (25.0 %) subjects, who showed clear ocular sensory dominance at distance, ocular sensory dominance became unclear at near. In 11 (18.3 %) subjects, that had unclear ocular sensory dominance at distance, showed clear ocular sensory dominance at near. In 3 (5.0 %) subjects, the laterality of the dominant eye switched between far and near distance. Conclusions: The effect of viewing distance on ocular sensory dominance is a continuous spectrum. In majority of the population, ocular sensory dominance is not affected. In 43.3 % of the population, ocular sensory dominance varies between unclear and clear status. Only in very rare cases, laterality of dominant eyes switches between near and distance.

This doctoral thesis combines three major topics of how Romantic Couples verbally and nonverbally Communicate Dominance. We research their behavioral dynamics from Evolutionary and Communication perspectives. Against current psycho-social scientific theories, we do suggest that people that are stereotypically seen as submissive, those using other than direct, active, and aggressive strategies, can achieve their will as well. They simply use behaviors that researchers do not consider as dominant (powerful) behaviors and look for them. We explore the whole spectrum of dominance strategies and their context of where, when, and how they are used. We chose a highly qualitative approach during the data collection and analysis part. We adapted a psychotherapy method for research purposes, our Relationship Drama, to overcome significant limitations that nonverbal and communication research struggles with. Therefore, we could see and further qualitatively analyze real couple's behavior in their real typically appearing conflict interaction. Those are described in the theoretical part of this thesis, in chapter 1. Findings from yet unpublished studies that were presented at conferences and are relevant to specific topics are included as well as one case study illustrating dominance ascription complexity. The...

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The purposes of this study are as follows: 1. To measure, compare, and evaluate the level of self-esteem of college women in two colleges. 2. To show the relationship of certain background factors to dominance-feeling in college women.