The purpose of this study was to examine whether cut-points developed for the general population provide different estimates of physical activity (PA) levels in adults with Down syndrome (DS) compared to cut-points developed specifically in adults with DS. This study also attempted to objectively measure the PA levels of adults with DS and to determine if they meet the recommended amount of PA to obtain health benefits. Thirteen adults with DS wore an accelerometer to determine time spent in moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous PA. Results indicated that different sets of cut-points responded differently in classifying moderate and vigorous PA levels, as well as in classifying whether participants met the recommended amount of PA for health benefits, as evidenced by the different estimates of moderate-to-vigorous PA in 10 minute bouts. Results also indicated that population specific cut-points should be used for assessment of PA levels in persons with DS.

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Previous research has indicated found that individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have difficulties in processing auditory information for the planning of movements relative to their peers with undifferentiated developmental handicaps. This modality-specific information-processing difficulty has been found for the preprogramming of goal-directed aiming movements (Le Clair & Elliott, 1995) and in simple reaction times (Davis, Sparrow, & Ward, 1991; Hermelin, 1964). The purpose of the present study was to assess whether or not a model of atypical cerebral specialization for the perception of speech sounds, proposed by Elliott and colleagues, could explain these findings. Thus, participants performed a choice reaction aiming task under three conditions. Colour-coded targets were cued by a visual cue at the target location, a visual cue remote from the target location, or a verbal cue identifying the target. Results revealed that while the reaction times did nCit differ between the two groups with handicaps, the participants with DS, unlike the two control groups, had significantly longer movement times in the verbal than in two visual conditions. These results support the model of biological dissociation. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2999-01-01

Neste trabalho foi estudado o crescimento de fibras monocristalinas de LiYF4 (YLF) dopadas com Er3+ ou Nd3+ pelo método de micro-pulling-down (-PD) no modo resistivo. Para otimização do processo de crescimento foi, desenvolvida nova metodologia de confecção de cadinhos, de forma a torná-los mais rígidos permitindo sua utilização em mais de uma experiência, aumentando a reprodutibilidade do processo. A câmara de crescimento também foi modificada para obtenção de vácuo da ordem de 10-7 torr. Devido ao tratamento térmico do sistema sob alto vácuo, antes da fusão do material, não foram observados transientes iniciais no processo de puxamento das fibras de YLF dopadas. Foram crescidas fibras de YLF:Nd com concentrações de 0,5, 1 e 1,5 mol% e fibras de YLF:Er com 1, 10, 20 mol %, com diâmetros da ordem de 0,7 mm e comprimentos de até 120mm. Devido a problemas mecânicos do sistema, o ancoramento das fibras, ou seja, o equilíbrio na interface sólidoliquido, mostrou-se muito difícil, sendo necessárias várias correções nos parâmetros de crescimento para estabilização da interface sólido-líquido resultando na formação de defeitos, principalmente na superfície, em regiões ao longo das fibras. Nas condições do presente estudo, o uso de uma atmosfera estática mostrou-se desfavorável. Testes de ganho efetuados com a fibra de YLF:Nd dopada com 1,5mol%, mostraram um ganho superior às perdas comprovando seu potencial para ação laser. / In the present work, we studied the growth of single crystal fibers of LiYF4 (YLF) doped with Er3+ or Nd3+ by the resistive micro-pulling-down (-PD) tecnhique. A new method for crucible preparation was developed to improve the growth process. The use of better-built crucibles allows their use in more than one experiment, increasing the process reproducibility. The growth chamber was also modified to achieve vacuum of approximately 10-7 torr. The previous thermal treatment under high vacuum before charge melting eliminate the initial transient reported in previous works of YLF doped fibers growth. Single crystal fibers of YLF:Nd (0.5, 1 e 1.5 mol%) and YLF:Er (1, 10 and 20 mol %), with 0.7 mm diameters and up to 120mm of length were grown. Mechanical problems in the micro-PD system equipment made difficult the control of the solid-liquid interface, and several corrections on the experimental parameters were necessary during the growth process, resulting in defects formation, mainly on the fibers surface. In the experimental conditions of this work, the use of a static atmosphere showed not appropriate for elimination of spurious contamination from ambient atmosphere. The Nd:YLF (1.5mol%) fiber demonstrated a gain higher that the losses, demonstrating the viability for laser action.