Nedläggningar är en återkommande företeelse på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. I föreliggande avhandling av Alexis Rydell ligger fokus på relationerna mellan ledning och arbetstagarorganisationer under nedläggningsprocesser.   Ett nedläggningsbeslut skapar spänning mellan parterna, inte minst eftersom nedläggnings­beslutet ofta innebär negativa konsekvenser för de anställda. Avhandlingen visar hur olika förhållningssätt mellan parterna kan skapa olika förutsättningar för att reducera spänningen och mildra de negativa konsekvenserna. Utifrån fallstudier identifieras nyckelfaktorer för partssamverkan och hur konstruktiva lösningar kan möjliggöras under processen. Dessutom analyseras vilka kontextuella faktorer som påverkar processen och dess potentiella inverkan på utfallen. Avslutningsvis presenteras ett förslag till modell för partsrelationer i nedläggningar. / The main topic of this thesis is union-management relations during plant closures. The thesis includes five papers. The first paper is based on a case study that illustrates how management and unions can exchange numerical flexibility with social responsibility to create favorable solutions. This is called a “local flexicurity model in restructuring processes.” The second paper is based on multiple case studies and stresses the importance of longer transition periods that include active Human Resource Management (HRM) efforts toward the local community, which are labeled as “outreach HRM.” The benefit of a longer transition period is that it gives employees, unions and local communities time to plan activities that may mitigate the adverse effects of the closure. The third paper addresses the dynamics of the local labor market and jobseekers’ willingness to commute to work, showing how socio-economic factors affect an individual’s willingness to commute. This implies that socio-economic factors may affect the ability to reconnect to new employment. The fourth paper is based on two case studies. It develops a typology of patterns in union-management relations, which is described as coordination and separation, and it reveals five key factors that contribute to creating the different patterns. It also shows how tension between management and labor can be reduced. The fifth paper is an international comparative study of Sweden and Australia. The paper deals with institutional differences with regard to how mass redundancies and plant closures are handled. Regulations that facilitate the voice of the union and employees are critically examined and illustrated through cases from both countries. Partly based on the five papers, the thesis proposes a model that addresses union-management relations in plant closures. The model takes context, process and outcomes into account. Finally, it discusses recommendations for further research.

Restaurangbranschen i Sverige har blivit hårt drabbat av pandemin covid-19 vilket gjort att många restauranger varit tvungna att genomföra nedskärningar. Det har medfört att många individer blivit arbetslösa. Sensemaking uppstår när individer försöker förstå meningen bakom en upplevelse som har inträffat. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur medarbetare inom restaurangbranschen skapar mening i samband med nedskärningar för att ta reda på vilka faktorer som har en påverkan på individens sensemaking. Studien har primärt använt sig av Karl Weicks (1995) teori gällande de sju principerna av sensemaking som teoretiskt ramverk men även relevanta forskningsstudier om nedskärningar i restaurangbranschen och sensegiving. Det empiriska underlaget utgår från åtta genomförda semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda inom restaurangbranschen som har blivit uppsagda under pandemin. Genom att använda sig av en tematisk analys på det empiriska materialet har det hittats samband och olikheter mellan respondenterna svar som utformat teman som exempelvis kommunikation, tidigare erfarenheter, ryktesspridning, hantering av nedskärning och relationer. Studiens resultat visar på att respondenterna skapat sin sensemaking i samband med nedskärningarna genom att förlita sig sina tidigare erfarenheter, interaktioner med andra i sin omgivning och individens egen självuppfattning. Påverkande faktorer har bestått av ekonomiskt stöd, familj och vänner, självkänsla och individens tidigare erfarenheter. Slutsatsen är att individernas sensemaking påverkats negativt av organisationsstrukturen, chefers agerande och avsaknaden av den interna kommunikationen som finns inom restaurangbranschen. Studien belyser att bristande faktorer inte verkar prioriteras, dock uppkommer det en svårighet att bedöma det då studien utgår från ett medarbetarperspektiv. Trots de bristande faktorerna som identifierats är det de andra faktorer som blir mer påtagliga och utgör grunden i individens sensemaking-process. / The restaurant industry in Sweden has been hit hard by the pandemic covid-19, which has meant that many restaurants have had to make cuts. As a result, many individuals have become unemployed. Sensemaking occurs when individuals try to understand the meaning behind an experience that has occurred. The purpose of the study is to investigate how employees in the restaurant industry create meaning in connection with cuts to find out which factors have an impact on the individual's sensemaking. The study has primarily used Karl Weick's (1995) theory regarding the seven principles of sensemaking as a theoretical framework but also relevant research studies on cuts in the restaurant industry and sensegiving. The empirical data is based on eight completed semi-structured interviews with employees in the restaurant industry who have been laid off during the pandemic. By using a thematic analysis of the empirical material, connections and differences have been found between the respondents' answers that has shaped themes such as communication, previous experiences, rumors, handling of cuts and relationships. The results of the study show that the respondents created their sensemaking in connection with the cuts by relying on their previous experiences, interactions with others and the individual's own self-perception. Influencing factors have consisted of financial support, family and friends, self-esteem, and the individual's previous experiences. The conclusion is that the individuals' sensemaking was negatively affected by the organizational structure, the actions of managers and the lack of internal communication that exists in the restaurant industry. The study highlights that the lack of factors does not seem to be prioritized, however, there is a difficulty in assessing it as the study is based on an employee perspective. Despite the lack of factors identified, it's the other factors that become more apparent and form the basis of the individual's sensemaking process.

Between 2003 and 2011, 1.2 million U.S. workers were laid off every year. Some organizational leaders of information technology/telecommunications organizations lack strategies to improve affective commitment to the organization after downsizing events. The strains of overwork, organizational changes, anxiety over job insecurity, and lack of choice often result in physical illness, emotional trauma, and extreme disengagement termed survivor syndrome. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies organizational leaders in the Midwest United States in information technology/telecommunications organizations used to improve affective commitment to the organization after downsizing. The conceptual framework was Herzberg's 2-factor theory. Data were collected via semistructured interviews, retention records, and organizational documents specific to postdownsizing activities. Data were compiled, disassembled, and reassembled into patterns and themes. The data revealed 4 themes: internal communications, organizational support, training, and employee manager relationships. The findings suggested establishing a formalized strategy to support survivors of corporate downsizing is needed to ensure consistency throughout the company. This research might contribute to social change within the organization by identifying and providing strategies to improve affective commitment to the organization after a downsizing event, which might lead to better individual and organizational performance and decrease residual employee turnover. This research could also contribute to social change by stabilizing the emotional state of the employee and removing a source of family instability.

Downsizing, realignment, and closure of military bases have forced many low-skilled, blue-collar federal employees into involuntary job loss and job transition. The impact of involuntary job loss on blue-collar workers has been linked to stress and other adverse psychological effects. There is gap in the literature regarding the lived experiences of federal blue-collar employees following downsizing of military bases. The purpose of this qualitative, interpretive phenomenological study was to examine lived experiences of job loss and job transition for federal blue-collar employees following downsizing of military bases. Schlossberg's transition theory provided a conceptual framework for the study. Ten ex-federal blue-collar employees were recruited through purposeful sampling and interviewed using a semistructured interview strategy. The modified Moustakas and Stevick-Coliazzi-Keen method of analysis was used to analyze the data and report emergent themes. The following 7 themes emerged from the data: transition was associated with negative feelings, employer was unprepared for transition process, support provided by employer, emotional support from family and significant others, engaged in other activities, accepted the transition process, and drew motivation from family. The findings from this study may contribute to positive social change by providing important information that human resource managers, industrial/organizational psychologists, and government agencies can use to advocate for the need for developing programs that support civilian job transition services to individuals who are affected by federal downsizing.

A Dissertation submitted to the Psychology Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the course of the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Masters in Industrial Psychology. / The aim of this research was to, firstly, explore the relationship between psychological contract breach and organisational commitment, and to examine the extent to which trust mediates this relationship. Secondly, the research aimed to develop and validate a scale to measure psychological contract breach. Data was collected from a large organisation that had completed nation-wide retrenchments. The quantitative sample population consisted of 84 employees in the organisation, while 10 members of the organisation were interviewed to obtain qualitative information. A cross-sectional design was used and data was collected by means of questionnaires and interviews. The process of triangulation was used to provide a deeper understanding of the relationship being assessed. The psychological contract breach scale was analysed by means of a factor analysis and was found to be valid, and the reliability was found to be satisfactory. The results of the study showed that there is a negative relationship between psychological contract breach and organisational commitment and that trust does not appear to mediate this relationship. Explanations for the findings are offered, and the theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Finally, limitations of this study and directions for future research are presented. / Andrew Chakane 2018

Internal combustion engines developments are driven by emissions reduction and energetic efficiency increase. To reach the next standards, downsized/downspeeded engines are required to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. These techniques place an important demand on the charging system and force the introduction of multistage boosting architectures. With many possible arrangements and large number of parameter to optimize, these architectures present higher complexity than current systems. The objective of this thesis has thus been to investigate the potential of two-stage boosting architectures to establish, for the particular case of passenger car downsized/downspeeded Diesel engines, the most efficient solutions for achieving the forthcoming CO2 emissions targets. To respond to this objective, an exhaustive literature review of all existing solutions has first been performed to determinate the most promising two-stage boosting architectures. Then, a new matching methodology has been defined to optimize the architectures with, on the one hand the development of a new turbine characteristic maps representation allowing straight forward matching calculations and, on the other hand, the development of a complete 0D engine model able to predict, within a reduced computational time, the behavior of any boosting architecture in both steady state and transient operating conditions. Finally, a large parametric study has been carried out to analyze and compare the different architectures on the same base engines, to characterize the impacts of thermo-mechanical limits and turbocharger size on engine performance, and to quantify for different engine development options their potential improvements in term of fuel consumption, maximum power and fun to drive. As main contributions, the thesis provides new modeling tools for efficient matching calculations and synthesizes the main trends in advanced boosting systems to guide future passenger car Diesel engine develop / Varnier ., ON. (2012). Trends and Limits of Two-Stage Boosting Systems for Automotive Diesel Engines [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/16880

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2016-05-20T20:08:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodolpho Cesar Cardoso de Paula.pdf: 962730 bytes, checksum: f8429a24e260b851a8c8c46c2b3c4724 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-20T20:08:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodolpho Cesar Cardoso de Paula.pdf: 962730 bytes, checksum: f8429a24e260b851a8c8c46c2b3c4724 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Mestrado Profissional em Enfermagem Assistencial / Objetivo: Analisar os Relatórios Circunstanciados do Departamento de Fiscalização quanto ao dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem existente nas Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI). Foram identificados 159 Processos Administrativos referentes às Instituições fiscalizadas no período de Janeiro de 2010 até Dezembro de 2013. O instrumento de coleta de dados analisou itens relacionados ao dimensionamento de enfermagem existente e propostos, número de idosos atendidos, complexidade do atendimento presentes nos Relatórios Circunstanciados. Após a exclusão dos relatórios de fiscalização que não continham dados pertinentes para coleta de dados, a amostra final foi composta de 80 processos. Dos 92 municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro houve abrangência de 19 localidades, 61 (76,2%) instituições privadas, 17 (21,3%) filantrópicas e 02 (2,5%) públicas. Houve variabilidade quanto ao porte das instituições foi variado, de 08 a 300 leitos, com taxa de ocupação média de 91,5%, variando de 60 a 100%, quanto ao número de idosos na instituição de 06 a 300, com média de 48,1 e desvio padrão de 45,5, demonstrando uma distribuição heterogênea do número de idosos nas instituições. A proporção geral de ILPI com enfermeiro responsável técnico (RT) é de aproximadamente 92,5%. As 80 instituições possuem em média 1,2 enfermeiros, 6,7 técnicos de enfermagem e 2,3 auxiliares de enfermagem e em relação aos cuidadores de idosos foram identificados sua presença em 53 instituições (66,2%). Em relação à classificação dos idosos institucionalizados, 60,6% das instituições apresentavam classificação dos idosos. Segundo a Resolução 293 as instituições teriam que aumentar o quadro de Enfermeiros em 1348% e de Técnicos em 420%. Para o atendimento a Portaria 73 teria que aumentar o quadro de Enfermeiros em 224% e de técnicos em 73%, neste caso não atenderia a Lei 7498/86 em 62,5% das instituições. A nova proposta de dimensionamento apresentado neste estudo prevê o aumento do quadro de Enfermeiros em 580% e de Técnicos em 122%. Portanto, o Dimensionamento de Pessoal de Enfermagem em ILPIs, considerando a Portaria 73, a Resolução 293 e a nova proposta são diferentes entre si (p-valor 0,000). O produto desta dissertação fornece um instrumento de dimensionamento pessoal apropriado as ILPI, cumpre à Resolução 293, porém mais passível de ser executado. Recomenda-se o atendimento as legislações de enfermagem em relação ao dimensionamento de pessoal e a classificação dos idosos assistidos nas ILPIs, dado o vertiginoso aumento da população idosa, e conseguinte aumento dessa modalidade assistencial à sociedade civil. Ao estabelecer um cálculo de dimensionamento de enfermagem original para as instituições de idosos pode-se assegurar uma assistência segura e livre de danos. / Objective: To assess the Department of Supervision detailed reports on the design of existing nursing staff in long-stay institutions for the elderly. 159 Administrative Proceedings were identified relating to institutions under audit from January 2010 to December 2013. The data collection instrument discussed items related to existing nursing design and proposed number of elderly assisted, complexity of care present in detailed reports. After exclusion of inspection reports which did not contain relevant data for data collection, the final sample consisted of 80 cases. Of the 92 county in the state of Rio de Janeiro there was coverage of 19 locations, 61 (76.2%) private institutions, 17 (21.3%) philanthropic and 02 (2.5%) public. There was variability in the size of the institutions was varied, 08-300 beds with an average occupancy rate of 91.5%, ranging from 60 to 100%, as the number of elderly in the institution 06-300, averaging 48 , 1 and standard deviation of 45.5, showing a heterogeneous distribution of the number of elderly in institutions. The overall proportion of ILPI with technical charge nurse (RT) is approximately 92.5%. The 80 institutions have an average of 1.2 nurses, 6.7 and 2.3 nursing technicians nursing assistants and for the elderly caregivers have been identified its presence in 53 institutions (66.2%). Regarding the classification of the institutionalized elderly, 60.6% of homes had a classification of the elderly. According to Resolution 293 institutions would have to increase the Nurses framework% in 1348 and Technicians 420%. To meet the Ordinance 73 would have to increase the Nurses frame in 224% technical and 73% in this case would not meet the Law 7498/86 in 62.5% of the institutions. The proposed new design presented in this study provides for an increased Nurses frame at 580% and technicians by 122%. Therefore, the Nursing Staff Dimensioning in ILPIs considering Ordinance 73, Resolution 293 and the new proposal are different (p-value 0.000). The product of this work provides an appropriate personal sizing instrument the ILPI, complies with Resolution 293, but more likely to be executed. It is recommended to call the nursing legislation in respect of the staff sizing and classification of assisted elderly in ILPIs, given the rapid increase in the elderly population, and therefore increase this type of care to civil society. By establishing a unique nursing sizing calculation for the elderly institutions can ensure a safe and free assistance of damage.

Text in Afrikaans / Hoë werkloosheid het 'n permanente kenmerk van die moderne samelweing geword en daarom word daar huidiglik baie aandag geskenk aan die psigologiese impak van werkloosheid op die werklose persoon en sy gesin. Die teoretiese benadering van hierdie studie is dat werksverlies 'n stresvolle lewensgebeurtenis is waarvan die impak binne 'n sistemiese benadering bestudeer is. Die kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode is gevolg. Die navorsingsresultate is verkry deur in-diepte onderhoude te voer met agt blanke getroude pare. Die resultate van die onderhoude is vergelyk met bestaande navorsing oor die impak van onwillekeurige werksverlies op die individu en sy gesin. Resultate dui daarop dat werksverlies 'n verpletterende ervaring is vir sommige pare terwyl dit in ander huwelikke lei tot groter intimiteit en persoonlike groei. Veranderlikes wat vir hierdie verskille verantwoordelik is, word geidentifiseer. Implikasies vir toekomstige navorsing word bespreek. / High unemployment has become a permanent feature of modern-day society. As a result there has been an increased interest in the psychological impact of involuntary job loss on the individual and his family. The theoretical appraoch of this study is that job loss is a stressful life event which is studies within the subsystem of the family. The research design is the qualitative method that was executed by conducting depth interviews with eight white couples. The results of the interviews were compared with those of previous research relating to the impact of involuntary job loss on the individual and his family. Results show that job loss is a devastating experience for some couples while other couples experience it as a opportunity for personal growth and increased intimacy in the relationship. Factors that account for these differences are identified. Implications for future research are discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Sielkundige Navorsing)

M.Phil. / The Social Plan is an alternative retrenchment process to section 189 of the Labour Relations Act No. 66 of 1995 as amended. When the now defunct Mpumalanga Development Corporation was dismantled in 1997, following the speech of the then Premier of the Province, of the 5 th December 1996, South Africa saw the Social Plan route being followed for the first time in its short democratic history. While the Social plan is the better of the two routes, it still looks good on paper, but has been let down by the trade unions, the employers, the development corporations and the individual beneficiaries themselves in this case. The sad part of this is that the Government departments and the development corporations are the custodians of the objectives sought and enshrined in the Social plan. Their failure to observe this fact and live up to the expectations it genders is itself an indictment on these stakeholders. The dissertation deals with the deeper analysis and findings of the events and the omissions that took place in pursuit of the implementation of this novel concept in a real life situation. Definite recommendations are made within the text that contributes to how the effort can be rescued for the benefit of the retrenchees and the economy as a whole. The approach in this work has taken the form of a literature review as well as a field survey. The field survey did not yield a very high sample, but 20 respondents, who are former employees who were retrenched following the Social Plan route, were interviewed. These respondents had been located in the former KwaNdebele and former KaNgwane regions of the Mpumalanga Province. The main problem that resulted in this research was that the country as a whole is suffering a very high rate of unemployed at 37.5% (according to the 2001 Census Report) in the Mpumalanga Province. While that needs some attention, there is an increase in the retrenchments coming as a result of various global and domestic factors. These collectively impact the employment situation more adversely than positively. The social plan being one tool chosen to alleviate the problems identified in its own self contained rationale for being, has failed to live up to the expectations of all the stakeholders affected by it. The experience of the stakeholders in the first attempt to implement the social plan, have defeated the very objectives of the social plan, which include, inter alia, the following: a ...to avoid job losses and employment decline wherever possible. In cases where large job losses are unavoidable, it would seek to actively manage retrenchments and ameliorate their effects on individuals and local economies". The findings in this study revealed that the social plan rather deepened the problem and exacerbated rather than alleviated it. This adversity is not due to the nature of the social plan as an approach and a route to meeting the aims of its creation. It is rather reflective of the way and attitude with which parties to the social plan failed to apply their best abilities and efforts in its application. The dissertation also touches on entrepreneurships, Post employment and the currently raging broad based black economic empowerment drive that has taken the country by storm in various sectors. The attempt by this drive is to address the possible acceleration of the integration of black people into business at all levels and not just at SMMEs or post employment. One could say the whole BBBEE drive seeks to address even the pre-employment era in the life of a black South African.

The thesis describes and analyses a long-term transformative change program conducted at ICI (Australia) Botany Site between the years 1987 - 1997. The change program is unusual in that, after a massive and destructive confrontation between management and the unions, a new collaborative approach to change was developed which led to significant organisational renewal. Change interventions developed in the program have diffused through Australian industry over the decade. The program is analysed within the framework of a theoretical model which describes a path taken towards achieving a capable organisation which can sustain productive performance. The thesis uses evidence from the case to investigate issues of management style, governance, flexibility, 'bundled interventions', productivity, work organisation, downsizing, reward systems, skills acquisition and self-managed teams. A theoretical model of organisational change is developed which suggests how the treatment of these contingencies can lead to organisational capability.